基于波动方程预测和双曲Radon变换联合压制表面多次波
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摘要
基于波动方程预测的表面多次波压制方法可处理复杂地下介质的地震资料,但计算成本较高.基于滤波的多次波压制方法计算效率较高,但其成功应用仅局限于一次波和多次波有明显时差差别的地震数据,对来自速度逆转等复杂介质数据则较难获得满意的压制效果.本文将波动方程预测的反馈迭代法和滤波法有效结合,采用GPU(图形处理器)和CPU协同并行加速计算粗略预测表面多次波,随后在双曲Radon域比较分析原始数据和预测的多次波,设计合理有效的Butterworth型自适应滤波器,滤出原始数据Radon域中的多次波能量,进行Radon反变换后,在时空域将多次波从原始数据中减去,得多次波压制结果.文中对理论模拟的单炮数据、复杂的SMAART模型以及实际地震数据进行了计算,结果表明,结合基于波动方程预测和双曲Radon变换的方法有效突破了两种方法各自的局限性,可高效高精度地压制复杂地下介质的表面多次波.
Surface-related multiple suppression method based on wave equation prediction can handle seismic data from complex subsurface,but the computational cost is high.For filter-based multiple suppression method,its computation efficiency is high,but it is only limited to the seismic data which has enough moveout difference between the primary and multiple.It is difficult to obtain satisfactory suppression effect for the seismic data from complex media,such as velocity reversal.The proposed algorithm combines wave equation prediction with filtering method effectively,surface-related multiple is predicted approximately by the collaborative parallel acceleration calculation from GPU(graphic processing unit) and CPU,followed by comparing and analyzing original data and predicted multiple in the hyperbolic Radon domain.We design an effective adaptive Butterworth-type filter to select the multiple energy from original data in Radon domain.After inverse Radon transform,suppression result can be obtained by subtracting multiple from original data with multiple.The theoretical single-shot data,complex SMAART model and field data are tested by the proposed algorithm.The results demonstrate that the multiple suppression method in the article can breakthrough the limitations of wave equation based method and hyperbolic Radon transform effectively,which can suppress surface-related multiples from complex subsurface efficiently and accurately.
Surface-related multiple suppression method based on wave equation prediction can handle seismic data from complex subsurface,but the computational cost is high.For filter-based multiple suppression method,its computation efficiency is high,but it is only limited to the seismic data which has enough moveout difference between the primary and multiple.It is difficult to obtain satisfactory suppression effect for the seismic data from complex media,such as velocity reversal.The proposed algorithm combines wave equation prediction with filtering method effectively,surface-related multiple is predicted approximately by the collaborative parallel acceleration calculation from GPU(graphic processing unit) and CPU,followed by comparing and analyzing original data and predicted multiple in the hyperbolic Radon domain.We design an effective adaptive Butterworth-type filter to select the multiple energy from original data in Radon domain.After inverse Radon transform,suppression result can be obtained by subtracting multiple from original data with multiple.The theoretical single-shot data,complex SMAART model and field data are tested by the proposed algorithm.The results demonstrate that the multiple suppression method in the article can breakthrough the limitations of wave equation based method and hyperbolic Radon transform effectively,which can suppress surface-related multiples from complex subsurface efficiently and accurately.
引文
[1]Ryu J V.Decomposition(DECOM)approach applied to wave field analysis with seismic reflection records.Geophysics,1982,47(6):869-883.
[2]Hampson D.Inverse velocity stacking and multiple elimination.Journal of the Canadian Society of Exploration Geophysicists,1986,22(1):44-55.
[3]Zhou B Z,Greenhalgh S.Linear and parabolicτ-ptransform revisited.Geophysics,1994,59(7):1133-1149.
[4]Landa E,Belfer I,Keydar S.Multiple attenuation in the parabolicτ-pdomain using wavefront characters of multiple generating primaries.Geophysics,1999,64(7):1806-1815.
[5]Wang Y H.Multiple attenuation:coping with the spatial truncation effect in the Radon transform domain.Geophysical Prospecting,2003,51(1):75-87.
[6]Yilmaz O.Velocity-stack processing.Geophysical Prospecting,1989,37(4):357-382.
[7]Foster D J,Mosher C C.Suppression of multiple reflections using the Radon transform.Geophysics,1992,57(3):386-395.
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[9]Verschuur D J,Berkhout A J,Wapenarr P A.Adaptive surface-related multiple elimination.Geophysics,1992,57(9):1166-1177.
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[11]Zhou B Z,Greenhalgh S.Multiple suppression by2D filtering in the parabolicτ-pdomain:a wave-equation-based method.Geophysical Prospecting,1996,44(3):375-401.
[12]Zhang J F,Wang W H.Multiple attenuation:an approach by incorporating multiple prediction with Radon transform.Journal of Seismic Exploration,2006,15:81-99.
[13]Zhang J H,Wang S Q,Yao Z X.Accelerating3DFourier migration with graphics processing units.Geophysics,2009,74(6):WCA129-WCA139.
[14]Clapp R G,Fu H H,Lindtjorn O.Selecting the right hardware for reverse time migration.The Leading Edge,2010,29(1):48-58.
[15]李博,刘国峰,刘洪.地震叠前时间偏移的一种图形处理器提速实现方法.地球物理学报,2009,52(1):245-252.Li B,Liu G F,Liu H.A method of using GPU to accelerate seismic pre-stack time migration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(1):245-252.
[16]刘国峰,刘洪,李博等.山地地震资料叠前时间偏移方法及其GPU实现.地球物理学报,2009,52(12):3101-3108.Liu G F,Liu H,Li B,et al.Method of prestack time migration of seismic data of mountainous regions and its GPU implementation.ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(12):3101-3108.
[17]刘红伟,李博,刘洪等.地震叠前逆时偏移高阶有限差分算法及GPU实现.地球物理学报,2010,53(7):1725-1733.Liu H W,Li B,Liu H,et al.The algorithm of high order finite difference pre-stack reverse time migration and GPU implemenation.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(7):1725-1733.
[18]Berkhout A J,Verschuur D J.Estimation of multiple scattering by iterative inversion,partⅠ:Theoretical considerations.Geophysics,1997,62(5):1586-1595.
[19]Verschuur D J,Berkhout A J.Estimation of multiple scattering by iterative inversion,partⅡ:Practical aspects and examples.Geophysics,1997,62(5):1596-1611.
[20]Berkhout A J.Seismic Migration:Imaging of Acoustic Energy by Wave Field Extrapolation.New York:Elsevier Science Publishing Company,Inc,1982.
[21]Berkhout A J,Verschuur D J.Removal of internal multiples with the common-focus-point(CFP)approach:Part1-Explanation of the theory.Geophysics,2005,70(3):V45-V60.
[22]Schonewille M A,Duijndam,A J W.Parabolic Radon transform,sampling and efficiency.Geophysics,2001,66(2):667-678.
[23]Zhou B,Greenhalgh S A.Multiple suppression by a wave-equation extrapolation method.Exploration Geophysics,1991,22(2):481-484.
[24]Zhou B,Greenhalgh S A.Dereverberation of seismic data by 2-D non-linear filter:A wave-equation-based approach.61th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.of Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1991,1315-1318.
[25]Zhou B,Greenhalgh S A.Wave-equation extrapolation-based multiple attenuation:2Dfilter in the f-k domain.Geophysics,1994,59(9):1377-1391.
[26]Huo S D,Wang Y H.Improving adaptive subtraction in seismic multiple attenuation.Geophysics,2009,74(4):V59-V67.
[2]Hampson D.Inverse velocity stacking and multiple elimination.Journal of the Canadian Society of Exploration Geophysicists,1986,22(1):44-55.
[3]Zhou B Z,Greenhalgh S.Linear and parabolicτ-ptransform revisited.Geophysics,1994,59(7):1133-1149.
[4]Landa E,Belfer I,Keydar S.Multiple attenuation in the parabolicτ-pdomain using wavefront characters of multiple generating primaries.Geophysics,1999,64(7):1806-1815.
[5]Wang Y H.Multiple attenuation:coping with the spatial truncation effect in the Radon transform domain.Geophysical Prospecting,2003,51(1):75-87.
[6]Yilmaz O.Velocity-stack processing.Geophysical Prospecting,1989,37(4):357-382.
[7]Foster D J,Mosher C C.Suppression of multiple reflections using the Radon transform.Geophysics,1992,57(3):386-395.
[8]Wiggins J W.Attenuation of complex water-bottom multiples by wave-equation-based prediction and subtraction.Geophysics,1988,53(12):1527-1539.
[9]Verschuur D J,Berkhout A J,Wapenarr P A.Adaptive surface-related multiple elimination.Geophysics,1992,57(9):1166-1177.
[10]Weglein A B,Gasparotto F A,Carvalho P M,et al.An inverse-scattering series method for attenuating multiples in seismic reflection data.Geophysics,1997,62(6):1975-1989.
[11]Zhou B Z,Greenhalgh S.Multiple suppression by2D filtering in the parabolicτ-pdomain:a wave-equation-based method.Geophysical Prospecting,1996,44(3):375-401.
[12]Zhang J F,Wang W H.Multiple attenuation:an approach by incorporating multiple prediction with Radon transform.Journal of Seismic Exploration,2006,15:81-99.
[13]Zhang J H,Wang S Q,Yao Z X.Accelerating3DFourier migration with graphics processing units.Geophysics,2009,74(6):WCA129-WCA139.
[14]Clapp R G,Fu H H,Lindtjorn O.Selecting the right hardware for reverse time migration.The Leading Edge,2010,29(1):48-58.
[15]李博,刘国峰,刘洪.地震叠前时间偏移的一种图形处理器提速实现方法.地球物理学报,2009,52(1):245-252.Li B,Liu G F,Liu H.A method of using GPU to accelerate seismic pre-stack time migration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(1):245-252.
[16]刘国峰,刘洪,李博等.山地地震资料叠前时间偏移方法及其GPU实现.地球物理学报,2009,52(12):3101-3108.Liu G F,Liu H,Li B,et al.Method of prestack time migration of seismic data of mountainous regions and its GPU implementation.ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(12):3101-3108.
[17]刘红伟,李博,刘洪等.地震叠前逆时偏移高阶有限差分算法及GPU实现.地球物理学报,2010,53(7):1725-1733.Liu H W,Li B,Liu H,et al.The algorithm of high order finite difference pre-stack reverse time migration and GPU implemenation.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(7):1725-1733.
[18]Berkhout A J,Verschuur D J.Estimation of multiple scattering by iterative inversion,partⅠ:Theoretical considerations.Geophysics,1997,62(5):1586-1595.
[19]Verschuur D J,Berkhout A J.Estimation of multiple scattering by iterative inversion,partⅡ:Practical aspects and examples.Geophysics,1997,62(5):1596-1611.
[20]Berkhout A J.Seismic Migration:Imaging of Acoustic Energy by Wave Field Extrapolation.New York:Elsevier Science Publishing Company,Inc,1982.
[21]Berkhout A J,Verschuur D J.Removal of internal multiples with the common-focus-point(CFP)approach:Part1-Explanation of the theory.Geophysics,2005,70(3):V45-V60.
[22]Schonewille M A,Duijndam,A J W.Parabolic Radon transform,sampling and efficiency.Geophysics,2001,66(2):667-678.
[23]Zhou B,Greenhalgh S A.Multiple suppression by a wave-equation extrapolation method.Exploration Geophysics,1991,22(2):481-484.
[24]Zhou B,Greenhalgh S A.Dereverberation of seismic data by 2-D non-linear filter:A wave-equation-based approach.61th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.of Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1991,1315-1318.
[25]Zhou B,Greenhalgh S A.Wave-equation extrapolation-based multiple attenuation:2Dfilter in the f-k domain.Geophysics,1994,59(9):1377-1391.
[26]Huo S D,Wang Y H.Improving adaptive subtraction in seismic multiple attenuation.Geophysics,2009,74(4):V59-V67.
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