谱图重排的谱分解理论及其在储层探测中的应用
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摘要
谱分解理论是把单道地震记录分解为连续的时频谱平面,是地震资料处理和解释的重要技术之一.由于谱分解方法的多解性,所以同一道地震记录因为分解方法不同,得到的时频谱是不一样的.短时傅里叶变换,小波变换,S变换和匹配追踪算法都是对信号开窗分析,这些方法都受到不确定性原理的限制.Wigner-Ville变换避开了不确定性原理的限制,但是交叉项的存在限制了本方法的使用.本文利用谱图重排的时频分析方法(RSPWV)对合成的单道地震记录和实际的地震资料进行了分析.与短时傅里叶变换和匹配追踪算法的比较得出:此方法具有较高的时频分辨率,能够很好地识别气层.
Spectral decomposition refers to any method that produces a continuous time-frequency spectrum of a seismic trace.Time frequency analysis is an important technology in seismic data processing and interpretation.Since spectral decomposition is a non-unique process,thus a single seismic trace can produce various time-frequency spectra.The short time Fourier transform(STFT),wavelet transform(WT),S-transform and matching pursuit(MP) method are all using windows,thus under the control of uncertainty principle.The Wigner-Ville distribution(WVD) avoids the windows.However,WVD is quadratic that produces cross-terms for multi-components signal that restricts its applications.In this paper,we analyze the time-frequency properties of a synthetic trace by using the reassigned smooth pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution(RSPWV) method,experiments and field data show that the method is superior to the STFT and MP methods,and can delineate the gas reservoir.
Spectral decomposition refers to any method that produces a continuous time-frequency spectrum of a seismic trace.Time frequency analysis is an important technology in seismic data processing and interpretation.Since spectral decomposition is a non-unique process,thus a single seismic trace can produce various time-frequency spectra.The short time Fourier transform(STFT),wavelet transform(WT),S-transform and matching pursuit(MP) method are all using windows,thus under the control of uncertainty principle.The Wigner-Ville distribution(WVD) avoids the windows.However,WVD is quadratic that produces cross-terms for multi-components signal that restricts its applications.In this paper,we analyze the time-frequency properties of a synthetic trace by using the reassigned smooth pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution(RSPWV) method,experiments and field data show that the method is superior to the STFT and MP methods,and can delineate the gas reservoir.
引文
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[23]陈学华,贺振华,黄德济等.时频域油气储层低频阴影检测.地球物理学报,2009,52(1):215-221.Chen X H,He Z H,Huang D J,et al.Low frequencyshadow detection of gas reservoirs in time-frequency domain.Chinese J.Geophys(in Chinese),2009,52(1):215-221.
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[25]Marfurt K J,Kirlin R L.Narrow-band spectral analysis andthin-bed tuning.Geophysics,2001,66:1274-1283.
[26]Sinha S,Routh P S,Anno P D,Castagna J P.Spectraldecomposition of seismic data with continuous-wavelettransforms.Geophysics,2005,70:19-25.
[2]张贤达,保铮.非平稳信号分析与处理[M].国防工业出版社,1998:1-101.Zhang X D,Bao Z.Nonstationary Signals Analysis andProcessing[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,1998,1-101.
[3]Gabor D.Theory of communication.Journal of Institute forElectrical Engineering.SPIE,1946,93:429-457.
[4]Charles K C.An introduction to wavelets.Volume 1(waveletanalysis and its applications)[M].Academic press,1992:1-100.
[5]Mallat S.A Wavelet Tour of Signal Processing[M].2nd ed.,Academic Press,1999:1-230.
[6]Mallat S.A theory for multiresolution signal decomposition:the wavelet representation.IEEE Trans.PAMI,1989,11(7):674-693.
[7]Sarkar T K,SU C.A tutorial on wavelets from an electricalengineering perspective,Part 2:the continuous case.IEEEAntennas&Propagation Magazine,1988,40(6):36-48.
[8]Stockwell R G,Mansinha L,Lowe R P.Localization of thecomplex spectrum:the S transform.IEEE Trans.SignalProcess,1996,44:998-1001.
[9]高静怀,陈文超,李幼铭等.广义S变换与薄互层地震响应分析.地球物理学报,2003,46(4):526-532.Gao J H,Chen W C,Li Y Met al.Generalized S transformand seismic response analysis of thin interbeds.Chinese J.Geophys,2003,46(4):526-532.
[10]Mallat S,Zhang Z.Matching pursuit with time-frequencydictionaries.IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,1993,41:3397-3415.
[11]张繁昌,李传辉.基于正交时频原子的地震信号快速匹配追踪.地球物理学报,2012,55(1):277-283.Zhang F C,Li C H.Orthogonal time-frequency atom basedfast matching pursuit for seismic signal.Chinese J.Geophys(in Chinese),2012,55(1):277-283.
[12]Wang,Y.Seismic time-frequency spectral decomposition bymatching pursuit.Geophysics(1),2007:13-20.
[13]Castagna J P,Sun S J,Siegfried R W.Instantaneous spectralanalysis:detection of low-frequency shadows associated withhydrocarbons.The leading Edge,2003,22(3):120-127.
[14]Claasen T,Mecklenbrauker W.The Wigner distribution:atool for time-frequency signal analysis.Philips Journal ofResearch,1980,35:217-250.
[15]闫述,陈明生.瞬变电磁场资料的联合时-频分析解释.地球物理学报,2005,48(1):203-208.Yan S,Chen M S.Interpretation of transient electromagneticfield data using joint time-frequency analysis.Chinese J.Geophys(in Chinese),2005,48(1):203-208.
[16]L Cohen.Time-frequency distributions—A review.Proc.IEEE,1989,77:941-981.
[17]Hlawatsch F,Boudreaux-Bartels G F.Linear and quadratictime-frequency signal representations.IEEE Signal Pro,1962:21-67.
[18]Rioul,Flandrin P.Time-scale energy distributions:ageneral class extending wavelet transforms.IEEETransactions on Signal Processing,1992,40:1746-1757.
[19]Kodera K,Gendrin R,Villedary C D.Analysis of time-varying signals with small BT values.IEEE Trans.AcoustSpeech Signal Processing,1986,34:64-76.
[20]Rihaczek W.Signal energy distribution in time and frequency.IEEE,Trans Inform Theory,1968,14:369-374.
[21]Auger F,Flandrin P.Improving the readability of timefrequency and time scale representations by reassignmentmethod.IEEE Transactions Signal Processing,1995,43:1068-1089.
[22]Castagna J,Sun P S.Comparison of spectral decompositionmethods.The Leading Edge,2006,24:75-79.
[23]陈学华,贺振华,黄德济等.时频域油气储层低频阴影检测.地球物理学报,2009,52(1):215-221.Chen X H,He Z H,Huang D J,et al.Low frequencyshadow detection of gas reservoirs in time-frequency domain.Chinese J.Geophys(in Chinese),2009,52(1):215-221.
[24]Partyka G J,Gridley J,Lopez J.Interpretational applicationsof spectral decomposition in reservoir characterization.TheLeading Edge,1999,18:353-360.
[25]Marfurt K J,Kirlin R L.Narrow-band spectral analysis andthin-bed tuning.Geophysics,2001,66:1274-1283.
[26]Sinha S,Routh P S,Anno P D,Castagna J P.Spectraldecomposition of seismic data with continuous-wavelettransforms.Geophysics,2005,70:19-25.
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