同态反褶积的子波稳定性方法研究
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摘要
同态反褶积受噪声及反射系数非随机性的影响,计算出的子波相位稳定性差,难以用于实际生产。使用小时窗、多道数据计算平均复赛谱和平均自相关函数复赛谱,利用二者计算混合相位子波,从而增加子波相位的稳定性,使同态反褶积的实用性大大增强。在实际资料处理过程中,使用了多种方法增加子波稳定性:①对地震数据进行指数衰减,使地震子波变为最小相位;②对求出的子波进行能量定位,选择能量集中的部分,对计算出的子波进行窗口整形,从而减少子波旁瓣的影响;③调整计算子波与期望子波峰值时差;④在三维叠后地震数据中使用Inline和Crossline双方向道计算中央道算子。理论模型试验结果表明,该方法适用于混合相位子波地震数据;实际数据应用结果表明,采用该方法计算出的子波稳定性强,反褶积后地震数据的分辨率得到了提高。
Influenced by noise and non-random reflection coefficient,homomorphic deconvolution is hardly used in seismic data processing because of unstable phase of extracted wavelet.Aiming at the problem,we proposed calculating mixed phase wavelet by using combining average Cepstral with average autocorrelation Cepstral,which were computed by small windows and multi-traces data,to improve the stability of wavelet phase and the practicability of homomorphic deconvolution.During the actual data processing,some countermeasures were used to improve the wavelet stability.Firstly,seismic wavelet is changed into mini-phase wavelet by exponential decay on seismic data.Secondly,after energy positioning on the obtained wavelet,the energy concentration part of wavelet is chosen to carry window shaping,and the influence of wavelet side lobe is suppressed.Thirdly,the peak moveout between extracted wavelet and expected wavelet is adjusted.Finally,for 3-D post-stack data,the central trace deconvolution operator is calculated in adjacent multi-traces of INLINE and CDP directions.Theoretical model testing result proved that this method can be used in mixed-phase wavelet seismic data.Real data application results after deconvolution indicated that the calculated wavelet is stable and the resolution of seismic data is enhanced.
Influenced by noise and non-random reflection coefficient,homomorphic deconvolution is hardly used in seismic data processing because of unstable phase of extracted wavelet.Aiming at the problem,we proposed calculating mixed phase wavelet by using combining average Cepstral with average autocorrelation Cepstral,which were computed by small windows and multi-traces data,to improve the stability of wavelet phase and the practicability of homomorphic deconvolution.During the actual data processing,some countermeasures were used to improve the wavelet stability.Firstly,seismic wavelet is changed into mini-phase wavelet by exponential decay on seismic data.Secondly,after energy positioning on the obtained wavelet,the energy concentration part of wavelet is chosen to carry window shaping,and the influence of wavelet side lobe is suppressed.Thirdly,the peak moveout between extracted wavelet and expected wavelet is adjusted.Finally,for 3-D post-stack data,the central trace deconvolution operator is calculated in adjacent multi-traces of INLINE and CDP directions.Theoretical model testing result proved that this method can be used in mixed-phase wavelet seismic data.Real data application results after deconvolution indicated that the calculated wavelet is stable and the resolution of seismic data is enhanced.
引文
[1]吴常玉,杨瑞娟,鲍峥,等.基于负熵的地震盲反褶积方法及其应用[J].石油物探,2009,48(3):232-238Wu C Y,Yang R J,Bao Z,et al.Seismic blind decon-volution method based on negative entropy and itsappplication[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petro-leum,2009,48(3):232-238
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[11]宋维琪,吕世超.基于卡尔曼最优估计理论的地震反褶积方法[J].石油物探,2009,48(4):342-346Song W Q,Lv S C.Seismic deconvolution based onKelman optimum estimation theory[J].GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum,2009,48(4):342-346
[12]刘财,谢金娥,郭全仕.一种基于自然梯度的地震盲反褶积方法[J].石油物探,2008,47(5):439-443Liu C,Xie J E,Guo Q S.Seismic blind deconvolutionbased on natural gradient[J].Geophysical Prospec-ting for Petroleum,2008,47(5):439-443
[13]王成礼,宋玉龙,矣风明,等.两步法预测反褶积在压制变周期鸣震中的应用[J].石油物探,2007,46(1):28-31Wang C L,Song Y L,Mu F M,et al.Using two-steppredictive deconvolution to suppress variable periodreverberations[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Pe-troleum,2007,46(1):28-31
[14]郭树祥,李建明,毕立飞,等.频率域地表一致性反褶积方法及应用效果分析[J].石油物探,2003,42(1):97-101Guo S X,Li J M,Bi L F,et al.Frequency domainsurface-consistent deconvolution and its application[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2003,42(1):97-101
[15]张剑.子波反褶积在塔河油田联片三维地震资料解释中的应用[J].石油物探,2001,40(2):98-101Zhang J.Application of the wavelet deconvolution in3-D seismic interpretaion in Ta-he oil field[J].Geo-physical Prospecting for Petroleum,2001,40(2):98-101
[2]曹孟起,周兴元.统计法同态反褶积[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(增刊):1-9Cao M Q,Zhou X Y.Homomorphic deconvolutionby statistical method[J].Oil Geophysical Prospec-ting,2003,38(S):1-9
[3]Oppenheim A V.Superposition in a class of nonlin-ear systems[C]//Research Laboratory of Electron-ics.USA:the MIT press,1965:132-142
[4]周兴元.应用同态理论估算地震子波[J].石油地球物理勘探,1983,18(6):510-521Zhou X Y.Estimating seismic wavelet by homomor-phic theory[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1983,18(6):510-521
[5]Tribolet J M,Quatieri T F.Computation of theComplex Cepstrum[C]//In Programs for DigitalSignal Processing.USA:IEEE Press,1979:71-96
[6]Oppenheimer A V,Shafer R W.Digital Signal Pro-cessing[M].USA:Prentice Hall,1975:1-32
[7]张海燕,李庆忠.几种常用解析子波的特性分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(6):651-657Zhang H Y,Li Q Z.Analysis on feature of commonanalytic wavelets[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(6):651-657
[8]姚逢昌.多道反褶积[J].石油物探,1988,27(2):41-55Yao F C.Multi-trace deconvolution[J].GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum,1988,27(2):41-55
[9]李英才,王艳仓.地表一致性俞式子波反褶积[J].石油物探,1997,36(增刊):56-62Li Y C,Wang Y C.Surface consistent Yu waveletdeconvolution[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Pe-troleum,1997,36(S):56-62
[10]刘喜武,宁俊瑞,张改兰.Cauchy稀疏约束Bayesian估计地震盲反褶积框架与算法研究[J].石油物探,2009,48(5):459-464Liu X W,Ning J R,Zhang G L.Cauthy sparse con-strained Bayesian estimation based seismic blind de-convolution frame and algorithm[J].GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum,2009,48(5):459-464
[11]宋维琪,吕世超.基于卡尔曼最优估计理论的地震反褶积方法[J].石油物探,2009,48(4):342-346Song W Q,Lv S C.Seismic deconvolution based onKelman optimum estimation theory[J].GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum,2009,48(4):342-346
[12]刘财,谢金娥,郭全仕.一种基于自然梯度的地震盲反褶积方法[J].石油物探,2008,47(5):439-443Liu C,Xie J E,Guo Q S.Seismic blind deconvolutionbased on natural gradient[J].Geophysical Prospec-ting for Petroleum,2008,47(5):439-443
[13]王成礼,宋玉龙,矣风明,等.两步法预测反褶积在压制变周期鸣震中的应用[J].石油物探,2007,46(1):28-31Wang C L,Song Y L,Mu F M,et al.Using two-steppredictive deconvolution to suppress variable periodreverberations[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Pe-troleum,2007,46(1):28-31
[14]郭树祥,李建明,毕立飞,等.频率域地表一致性反褶积方法及应用效果分析[J].石油物探,2003,42(1):97-101Guo S X,Li J M,Bi L F,et al.Frequency domainsurface-consistent deconvolution and its application[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2003,42(1):97-101
[15]张剑.子波反褶积在塔河油田联片三维地震资料解释中的应用[J].石油物探,2001,40(2):98-101Zhang J.Application of the wavelet deconvolution in3-D seismic interpretaion in Ta-he oil field[J].Geo-physical Prospecting for Petroleum,2001,40(2):98-101
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