地震分倒频处理技术
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摘要
为刻画地震信号的局部层次特征,提高复杂地质体的地震分辨率,本文利用倒谱变换能够提高分辨率的特点,结合短时傅里叶变换,构造了倒时-频变换算法,并提出地震分倒频处理技术.文中对地震分倒频处理技术的公式推导、算法设计、分倒频处理技术提高地震纵向分辨率的机理进行了详细研究.设计出了适合三维地震资料处理的软件,并从理论上阐述了地震分倒频处理技术能够提高地震分辨率.利用倒时-频变换对多分量线性调谐信号模型做倒时-频分析,可以得到良好的时频分辨率.实际三维地震资料计算表明,该方法能够提高地震纵向分辨率,且计算效率高,适合大规模三维地震资料的处理.
In order to depict the local characteristics of seismic signal,to improve the seismic resolution of complex geological body,we construct a quefrency-frequency transform algorithm and put forward the seismic cepstral decomposition progressing technique.The technique was derived from Cepstrum transform and short-time Fourier transform.It uses Cepstrum transform can improve the resolution of features.We study in detail the formula of the seismic cepstral decomposition progressing technique,algorithm design and the technology can improve the vertical seismic resolution of the mechanism in the paper.Designed three-dimensional seismic data processing software,and also explained the seismic cepstral decomposition progressing technique can improve the seismic resolution in theory.Using the quefrency-frequency transform to analyze linear tuning of multi-component signal Model,we have a fine time-frequency resolution.Calculations of the actual three-dimensional seismic data show that the seismic cepstral decomposition progressing technique can improve the seismic vertical resolution and have high computational efficiency.It is suitable for large-scale three-dimensional seismic data processing.
In order to depict the local characteristics of seismic signal,to improve the seismic resolution of complex geological body,we construct a quefrency-frequency transform algorithm and put forward the seismic cepstral decomposition progressing technique.The technique was derived from Cepstrum transform and short-time Fourier transform.It uses Cepstrum transform can improve the resolution of features.We study in detail the formula of the seismic cepstral decomposition progressing technique,algorithm design and the technology can improve the vertical seismic resolution of the mechanism in the paper.Designed three-dimensional seismic data processing software,and also explained the seismic cepstral decomposition progressing technique can improve the seismic resolution in theory.Using the quefrency-frequency transform to analyze linear tuning of multi-component signal Model,we have a fine time-frequency resolution.Calculations of the actual three-dimensional seismic data show that the seismic cepstral decomposition progressing technique can improve the seismic vertical resolution and have high computational efficiency.It is suitable for large-scale three-dimensional seismic data processing.
引文
[1]钱荣钧.地震波分辨率的分类研究及偏移对分辨率的影响.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(2):306-313.Qian R J.Classification studies on seismic resolution andmigration’s affect to resolution.OGP(in Chinese),2010,45(2):306-313.
[2]Kallweit R S,Wood L C.The limits of resolution of zero-phasewavelets.Geophysics,1982,47(7):1035-1046.
[3]高静怀,汪玲玲,赵伟.基于反射地震记录变子波模型提高地震记录分辨率.地球物理学报,2009,52(5):1289-1300.Gao J H,Wang L L,Zhao W.Enhancing resolution of seismictraces based on the changing wavelet model of theseismogram.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(5):1289-1300.
[4]Donald G C,David P S Robert C K.The Cepstrum:A Guide toProcessing.Proceedings of the IEEE,1977,65(10):1428-1442.
[5]Wei F S,Li M.Cepstrum analysis of seismic sourcecharacteristics.Acta Seismologica Sinica,2003,16(1):50-58.
[6]徐伯勋,姜成栋.应用同态滤波提取子波的改进方法.石油物探,1991,30(3):22-37.Xu B X,Jiang C D.An improvement on wavelet extractionusing homomorphic filtering.Geophysical Prospecting forPetroleum(in Chinese),1991,30(3):22-37.
[7]Zhang B Q,Zhou F.Technique for interactive waveletextraction and decomposition in cepstrum domain.SEG/SanAntonio 2007Annual Meeting.2007:2664-2667.
[8]李国发,彭苏萍,高日胜等.复赛谱域提取混合相位子波的方法.天然气工业,2005,25(1):85-87.Li G F,Peng S P,Gao R S,et al.Method of mixed phasewavelet extraction in cepstrum domain.Natural Gas Industry(in Chinese),2005,25(1):85-87.
[9]Scheuer T E,Wagner D E.Deconvolution by autocepstralwindowing.Geophysics,1985,50(10):1533-1540.
[10]曹孟起,周兴元,王君.统计法同态反褶积.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(增刊):1-9.Cao M Q,Zhou X Y,Wang J.Statistical method with thehomomorphic deconvolution.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(inChinese),2003,38(Supplement):1-9.
[11]凌云,俞寿朋,周熙襄.零相位同态反褶积.石油地球物理勘探,1995,30(3):299-309.Li Y,Yu S P,Zhou X X.Zero-phase homomorphicdeconvolution.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),1995,30(3):299-309.
[12]Ellefsen K J,Burnst D R,Cheng C H.Homomorphicprocessing of the tube wave generated during acousticlogging.Geophysics,1993,58(10):1400-1407.
[13]王任一.水淹层倒谱识别方法探索.测井技术,2006,30(2):144-145.Wang R Y.On the inverted frequency spectrum identificationmethod of the water flooded layer.Well Logging Technology(in Chinese),2006,30(2):144-145.
[14]陆文凯,李衍达.用二维复倒谱提高地震资料的分辨率.石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(增刊):129-133.Lu W D,Li Y D.Two-dimensional complex cepstrum improvethe resolution of seismic data.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(inChinese),1998,33(Supplement):129-133.
[15]Matthew H.Predicting bed thickness with cepstraldecomposition.The Leading Edge,2006,25(2):199-203.
[16]Liu C Y,Xu S F,Yue J H,et al.Application of cepstralanalysis to thin beds.Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2008,18(2):232-236.
[17]陈玉东.地球物理信息处理基础.北京:地质出版社,2006.Chen Y D.The Basis of Geophysical Information Processing(in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2006.
[18]陈学华,贺振华,黄德济等.时频域油气储层低频阴影检测.地球物理学报,2009,52(1):215-221.Chen X H,He Z H,Huang D J,et al.low frequency shadowdetection of gas reservoirs in time-frequency domain.ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(1):215-221.
[19]王宏禹,邱天爽,陈喆.非平稳随机信号分析与处理(第2版).北京:国防工业出版社,2008.Wang H Y,Qiu T S,Chen Z.Non-Stationary Random SignalAnalysis and Processing(The Second Edition)(in Chinese).Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,2008.
[20]钱凯,李本亮,许惠中.从全球海相古生界油气田地质共性看四川盆地海相地层天然气勘探方向.天然气地球科学,2003,14(3):167-171.Qian K,LiB L,Xu H Z.Discussing the marine prospects inSichuan basin according to the common geologicalcharacteristics of giant petroleum province on Paleozoicmarine the world.Natural Gas Geoscience(in Chinese),2003,14(3):167-171.
[2]Kallweit R S,Wood L C.The limits of resolution of zero-phasewavelets.Geophysics,1982,47(7):1035-1046.
[3]高静怀,汪玲玲,赵伟.基于反射地震记录变子波模型提高地震记录分辨率.地球物理学报,2009,52(5):1289-1300.Gao J H,Wang L L,Zhao W.Enhancing resolution of seismictraces based on the changing wavelet model of theseismogram.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(5):1289-1300.
[4]Donald G C,David P S Robert C K.The Cepstrum:A Guide toProcessing.Proceedings of the IEEE,1977,65(10):1428-1442.
[5]Wei F S,Li M.Cepstrum analysis of seismic sourcecharacteristics.Acta Seismologica Sinica,2003,16(1):50-58.
[6]徐伯勋,姜成栋.应用同态滤波提取子波的改进方法.石油物探,1991,30(3):22-37.Xu B X,Jiang C D.An improvement on wavelet extractionusing homomorphic filtering.Geophysical Prospecting forPetroleum(in Chinese),1991,30(3):22-37.
[7]Zhang B Q,Zhou F.Technique for interactive waveletextraction and decomposition in cepstrum domain.SEG/SanAntonio 2007Annual Meeting.2007:2664-2667.
[8]李国发,彭苏萍,高日胜等.复赛谱域提取混合相位子波的方法.天然气工业,2005,25(1):85-87.Li G F,Peng S P,Gao R S,et al.Method of mixed phasewavelet extraction in cepstrum domain.Natural Gas Industry(in Chinese),2005,25(1):85-87.
[9]Scheuer T E,Wagner D E.Deconvolution by autocepstralwindowing.Geophysics,1985,50(10):1533-1540.
[10]曹孟起,周兴元,王君.统计法同态反褶积.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(增刊):1-9.Cao M Q,Zhou X Y,Wang J.Statistical method with thehomomorphic deconvolution.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(inChinese),2003,38(Supplement):1-9.
[11]凌云,俞寿朋,周熙襄.零相位同态反褶积.石油地球物理勘探,1995,30(3):299-309.Li Y,Yu S P,Zhou X X.Zero-phase homomorphicdeconvolution.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),1995,30(3):299-309.
[12]Ellefsen K J,Burnst D R,Cheng C H.Homomorphicprocessing of the tube wave generated during acousticlogging.Geophysics,1993,58(10):1400-1407.
[13]王任一.水淹层倒谱识别方法探索.测井技术,2006,30(2):144-145.Wang R Y.On the inverted frequency spectrum identificationmethod of the water flooded layer.Well Logging Technology(in Chinese),2006,30(2):144-145.
[14]陆文凯,李衍达.用二维复倒谱提高地震资料的分辨率.石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(增刊):129-133.Lu W D,Li Y D.Two-dimensional complex cepstrum improvethe resolution of seismic data.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(inChinese),1998,33(Supplement):129-133.
[15]Matthew H.Predicting bed thickness with cepstraldecomposition.The Leading Edge,2006,25(2):199-203.
[16]Liu C Y,Xu S F,Yue J H,et al.Application of cepstralanalysis to thin beds.Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2008,18(2):232-236.
[17]陈玉东.地球物理信息处理基础.北京:地质出版社,2006.Chen Y D.The Basis of Geophysical Information Processing(in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2006.
[18]陈学华,贺振华,黄德济等.时频域油气储层低频阴影检测.地球物理学报,2009,52(1):215-221.Chen X H,He Z H,Huang D J,et al.low frequency shadowdetection of gas reservoirs in time-frequency domain.ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(1):215-221.
[19]王宏禹,邱天爽,陈喆.非平稳随机信号分析与处理(第2版).北京:国防工业出版社,2008.Wang H Y,Qiu T S,Chen Z.Non-Stationary Random SignalAnalysis and Processing(The Second Edition)(in Chinese).Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,2008.
[20]钱凯,李本亮,许惠中.从全球海相古生界油气田地质共性看四川盆地海相地层天然气勘探方向.天然气地球科学,2003,14(3):167-171.Qian K,LiB L,Xu H Z.Discussing the marine prospects inSichuan basin according to the common geologicalcharacteristics of giant petroleum province on Paleozoicmarine the world.Natural Gas Geoscience(in Chinese),2003,14(3):167-171.
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