汶川8.0级地震地表破裂带宽度调查
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摘要
根据汶川8.0级地震地表破裂带的实地调查,龙门山断裂带的中央断裂与前山断裂地表破裂带宽度自北向南一般<40m。在Ⅹ—Ⅺ度极震区,沿断裂延伸方向破裂带之上及其两侧,各类房屋建筑无论何种结构均绝大部分倒塌损毁。考虑到逆断层作用引起的"地壳缩短"以及各种不确定性,并结合以往历史强震地表破裂带的宽度统计,提出汶川8.0级地震灾后重建时,极震区地震断层两侧的"避让带"宽度为25m。在"避让带"之内,只能建造高于抗震设防标准的2层以下的建筑物,应明确禁止兴建学校、医院等公共建筑。
The 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake created about 240km-long surface fault ruptures along the Central Fault and about 72km along the Mountain Front Fault,two of the three sub-parallel secondary faults of Longmenshan thrust faults striking NE-SW,according to field investigation of surface faulting.From north to south,most of the widths of intense surface rupture zones are less than 40m,and above 1/2 are between 10～30m.Many buildings along fault surface ruptures were destroyed,including those with frame structure or reinforced concrete structure,and we also find some houses or buildings have withstood the strong earthquake and its aftershocks for their excellent performance of earthquake-resistance.The distance between fault scarps and the buildings are from 10 to 30 meters.Based on the field investigation,on the widths of surface rupture zones of historical strong earthquakes,and considering "crustal shortening" for inverse faulting and other various uncertainties,it is suggested that safety distance away from active fault in rebuilding is 25m.Within this distance,only one or two-storeyed buildings with higher standard of earthquake-resistance can be constructed,and public buildings,like schools and hospitals should be prohibited to build.
The 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake created about 240km-long surface fault ruptures along the Central Fault and about 72km along the Mountain Front Fault,two of the three sub-parallel secondary faults of Longmenshan thrust faults striking NE-SW,according to field investigation of surface faulting.From north to south,most of the widths of intense surface rupture zones are less than 40m,and above 1/2 are between 10～30m.Many buildings along fault surface ruptures were destroyed,including those with frame structure or reinforced concrete structure,and we also find some houses or buildings have withstood the strong earthquake and its aftershocks for their excellent performance of earthquake-resistance.The distance between fault scarps and the buildings are from 10 to 30 meters.Based on the field investigation,on the widths of surface rupture zones of historical strong earthquakes,and considering "crustal shortening" for inverse faulting and other various uncertainties,it is suggested that safety distance away from active fault in rebuilding is 25m.Within this distance,only one or two-storeyed buildings with higher standard of earthquake-resistance can be constructed,and public buildings,like schools and hospitals should be prohibited to build.
引文
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郑文俊,李传友,王伟涛,等.2008.汶川8·0级地震陡坎(北川以北段)探槽的记录特征[J].地震地质,30(3):697-709.ZHENG Wen-jun,LI Chuan-you,WANG Wei-tao,et al.2008.Trench logs of earthquake scarp of theMS8·0Wenchuanearthquake in the segment north of Beichuan[J].Seismology and Geology,30(3):697-709(in Chinese).
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国家地震局地质研究所,国家地震局兰州地震研究所.l993.祁连山-河西走廊活动断裂系[M].北京:地震出版社.340.Institute of Geology,SSB,Lanzhou Institute of Seismology,SSB.1993.Active Fault System along the Qilianshan-HexiCorridor[M].Seismological Press,Beijing.340(in Chinese).
李锡堤,郑锦桐,廖启雯.2000·921集集大地震的地盘变形现象及断层禁限建问题[A].见:第八届台湾地区地球物理研讨会论文集.669-675.LI Xi-di,ZHENG Jin-tong,LIAO Qi-wen.2000.Ground deformation of the Chi-Chi Earthquake and problems of no orlimited construction on active faults[A].In:Collection Papers of the8thTaiwan Geophysics Meeting,Taibei.669-675(in Chinese).
徐锡伟,杨晓平,杨忠东,等.1996.城市地震地质灾害及其预测问题初论[J].水文地质工程地质,23(3):32-35.XU Xi-wei,YANG Xiao-ping,YANG Zhong-dong,et al.1996.On urban seismic geologic disaster and their prediction[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,23(3):32-35(in Chinese).
徐锡伟,于贵华,马文涛,等.2002.活断层地震地表破裂"避让带"宽度确定的依据与方法[J].地震地质,24(4):470-483.XU Xi-wei,YU Gui-hua,MA Wen-tao,et al.2002.Evidence and methods for determining the safety distance from thepotential earthquake surface rupture on active fault[J].Seismology and Geology,24(4):470-483(in Chi-nese).
徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青,等.2008.汶川MS8·0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造[J].地震地质,30(3):597-629.XU Xi-wei,WEN Xue-ze,YE Jian-qing,et al.2008.TheMS8.0Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seis-mogenic structure[J].Seismology and Geology,30(3):597-629(in Chinese).
中华人民共和国建设部,国家质量监督检验检疫总局.2001.建筑抗震设计规范(GB50011-2001)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.Ministry of Construction of the People s Republic of China,General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspectionand Quarantine of the People s Republic of China.2001.Code for Seismic Design of Buildings(GB50011-2001)[S].China Architectural Industry Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
郑文俊,李传友,王伟涛,等.2008.汶川8·0级地震陡坎(北川以北段)探槽的记录特征[J].地震地质,30(3):697-709.ZHENG Wen-jun,LI Chuan-you,WANG Wei-tao,et al.2008.Trench logs of earthquake scarp of theMS8·0Wenchuanearthquake in the segment north of Beichuan[J].Seismology and Geology,30(3):697-709(in Chinese).
Kelson K I,Kang K H,Page W D,et al.2001.Representative styles of deformation along the Chelungpu Fault fromthe1999Chi-Chi(Taiwan)Earthquake:Geomorphic characteristics and responses of man-made structures[J].Bull Seism Soc Am,91(5):930-952.
Lee J C,Chen Y G,Sieh K,et al.2001.A vertical exposure of the1999surface rupture of the Chelungpu Fault atWufeng,Western Taiwan:structural and paleoseismic implications for an active thrust fault[J].Bull Seism SocAm,91(5):914-929.
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