四川盆地北部中二叠统茅口组碳酸盐岩斜坡沉积及其油气勘探意义
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摘要
在露头分析的基础上,结合钻井和地震资料,提出四川盆地中二叠统茅口组发育碳酸盐岩斜坡相沉积。其典型岩性为深灰色砾屑灰岩,砾屑成分以生物碎屑泥晶灰岩为主,局部地区见亮晶生物碎屑灰岩、造礁生物和重力滑动变形构造,砾径变化范围大;次要岩性为含钙屑浊积岩的深灰色薄层泥晶灰岩。中二叠统从栖霞组开阔台地相到茅口组斜坡相的演化,说明茅口组沉积时期构造活动加强,导致盆地北部及其他区域都有可能发生相带的分异。茅口组地震剖面上的厚度由南向北明显增厚,且具有楔形反射的特征,印证了盆地北部斜坡相的南区发育有台地边缘高能相带,这一认识有利于对四川盆地茅口组构造-岩相古地理的重建以及有利相带和储层的预测。
Through analyses of outcrops,wells and seismic profiles,it is proposed that carbonate slope facies develops in Middle Permian Maokou Formation in northern part of Sichuan Basin.The carbonate slope facies is of typical characteristics as follows:The lithology mainly is dark grey calcirudite,which is composed of bioclastic micrite in majority and sparry bioclastic limestone and reef-building organisms in minor with gravity gliding structure.The secondary lithology is dark grey thin-layered micrite with calcarenaceous turbidite.The evolution of sedimentary facies from Middle Permian Qixia open platform facies to Maokou slope facies reveals a fact of increasing tectonic activity during Maokou sedimentation which resulted in possible differentiation of sedimentary facies belts in northern Sichuan Basin beside other areas.The seismic profile illustrates that the thickness of Maokou strata increases obviously from south to north and is characterized by a sphenoid reflection,which proves the existence of a high-energetic platform-margin facies belt in the south of slope area in the northern part of the basin.This viewpoint is favorable to reconstructing structure-lithofacies paleogeology and predicting the potential sedimentary facies and reservoirs of Maokou Formation in the basin.
Through analyses of outcrops,wells and seismic profiles,it is proposed that carbonate slope facies develops in Middle Permian Maokou Formation in northern part of Sichuan Basin.The carbonate slope facies is of typical characteristics as follows:The lithology mainly is dark grey calcirudite,which is composed of bioclastic micrite in majority and sparry bioclastic limestone and reef-building organisms in minor with gravity gliding structure.The secondary lithology is dark grey thin-layered micrite with calcarenaceous turbidite.The evolution of sedimentary facies from Middle Permian Qixia open platform facies to Maokou slope facies reveals a fact of increasing tectonic activity during Maokou sedimentation which resulted in possible differentiation of sedimentary facies belts in northern Sichuan Basin beside other areas.The seismic profile illustrates that the thickness of Maokou strata increases obviously from south to north and is characterized by a sphenoid reflection,which proves the existence of a high-energetic platform-margin facies belt in the south of slope area in the northern part of the basin.This viewpoint is favorable to reconstructing structure-lithofacies paleogeology and predicting the potential sedimentary facies and reservoirs of Maokou Formation in the basin.
引文
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[2]陈洪德,覃建雄,王成善,等.中国南方二叠纪层序岩相古地理特征及演化[J].沉积学报,1999,17(4):510-521.
[3]冯增昭,杨玉卿,金振奎,等.中国南方二叠纪岩相古地理[J].沉积学报,1996,14(2):1-11.
[4]罗进雄,何幼斌.中—上扬子地区二叠系眼球状石灰岩特征及成因研究[J].地质论评,2010,6(5):629-637.
[5]刘杰,李葳洋,何幼斌.四川旺苍双汇下二叠统茅口组眼球状石灰岩成因分析[J].海相油气地质,2011,16(1):63-67.
[6]赵宗举,周慧,陈轩,等.四川盆地及邻区二叠纪层序岩相古地理及有利勘探区带[J].石油学报,2012,33(增刊2):35-51.
[7]胡明毅,胡忠贵,魏国齐,等.四川盆地茅口组层序岩相古地理特征及储集层预测[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(1):45-55.
[8]魏国齐,杨威,万怡平,等.扬子地块西北缘二叠系—中三叠统层序地层与沉积相展布[J].岩石学报,2011,27(3):741-748.
[9]李双应,孟庆任,万秋,等.长江中下游地区二叠纪碳酸盐斜坡沉积及其成矿意义[J].岩石学报,2008,24(8):1733-1744.
[10]何幼斌,冯增昭.四川盆地及其周缘下二叠统细—粗晶白云岩成因探讨[J].江汉石油学院学报,1996,18(4):15-20.
[11]魏国齐,杨威,朱永刚,等.川西地区中二叠统栖霞组沉积体系[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(4):442-448.
[12]《中国地层典》编委会.中国地层典:二叠系[M].北京:地质出版社,2000.
[13]罗志立.峨眉地裂运动和四川盆地天然气勘探实践[J].新疆石油地质,2009,30(4):419-424.
[14]邹才能,徐春春,汪泽成,等.四川盆地台缘带礁滩大气区地质特征与形成条件[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(6):641-651.
[15]陈轩,赵宗举,张宝民,等.塔里木盆地塔中孤立台地北缘上奥陶统良里塔格组精细沉积建模[J].沉积学报,2009,27(5):1002-1011.
[16]陈宗清.四川盆地中二叠统茅口组天然气勘探[J].中国石油勘探,2007,12(5):1-11.
[17]陈轩,赵文智,张利萍,等.川中地区中二叠统构造热液白云岩的发现及其勘探意义[J].石油学报,2012,33(4):562-569.
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