琼东南盆地东西部块体流沉积内部结构特征的差异性
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摘要
利用南海北部琼东南盆地的高精度2D和3D地震资料,对盆地不同区域里的陆坡到深水盆地的块体流沉积特征进行了研究。结果发现,琼东南盆地东部和西部陆坡体系发育的块体流沉积表现出不同的特征:盆地东部陆坡体系下块体流沉积头部以变形程度较小的滑移体的广泛发育为特征,整体规模较小;盆地西部块体流沉积头部以变形强烈的杂乱反射为特征,侵蚀作用强烈,规模较大,同时在其趾部变形强烈的地层中发育有一系列平行、亚平行的逆冲断层。琼东南盆地东西部块体流沉积特征差异性产生的原因有:1)盆地东西部陆坡沉积格架不同,西部的陡倾陆坡比东部的宽缓陆坡更加有利于块体流沉积的发育;2)盆地地貌特征对块体流沉积发育的制约,琼东南盆地南部隆起对块体流沉积起到遮挡的作用,阻止了西部块体流的运动。陆架边缘断层活化相关的地震活动是块体流沉积的一个重要触发机制。
Based on high-resolution 2D and 3D seismic data in Qiongdongnan basin,in northern South China Sea,the characteristics of mass turbidity depositions(MTDs) in different parts of the basin,from the slope system to abyssal plain,have been studied.The result shows that the characteristics of MTDs are different from the eastern to western part in Qiongdongnan basin.In eastern part,the head of MTDs is characterized by the slides,with little or no deformation,and the MTDs are of small scale.While in the western part,chaotic seismic facies and intense erosion are the main features of the head of MTDs,and the MTDs are of large scale,meanwhile,there is a series of parallel or sub-parallel thrusts in the strongly deformed strata in the toe of MTDs.There are mainly two reasons for the differences.Firstly,comparing to the eastern part,the western part of the basin has steeper slope gradient,which is favourable for the development of MTDs.The second lies in the morphology of the basin.The southern high stops the MTDs transporting along the slope.According to the relationship between the head of MTDs and the faults along the shelf margin,the earthquake related to reactivity of the faults is one of the triggers for the development of MTDs.
Based on high-resolution 2D and 3D seismic data in Qiongdongnan basin,in northern South China Sea,the characteristics of mass turbidity depositions(MTDs) in different parts of the basin,from the slope system to abyssal plain,have been studied.The result shows that the characteristics of MTDs are different from the eastern to western part in Qiongdongnan basin.In eastern part,the head of MTDs is characterized by the slides,with little or no deformation,and the MTDs are of small scale.While in the western part,chaotic seismic facies and intense erosion are the main features of the head of MTDs,and the MTDs are of large scale,meanwhile,there is a series of parallel or sub-parallel thrusts in the strongly deformed strata in the toe of MTDs.There are mainly two reasons for the differences.Firstly,comparing to the eastern part,the western part of the basin has steeper slope gradient,which is favourable for the development of MTDs.The second lies in the morphology of the basin.The southern high stops the MTDs transporting along the slope.According to the relationship between the head of MTDs and the faults along the shelf margin,the earthquake related to reactivity of the faults is one of the triggers for the development of MTDs.
引文
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[18]Xie X N,Muller R D,Ren J Y,et al.StratigraphicArchitecture and Evolution of the Continental SlopeSystem in Offshore Hainan,Northern South ChinaSea[J].Marine Geology,2008,247(3/4):129-144.
[19]庞雄,陈长民,吴梦霜,等.珠江深水扇系统沉积和周边重要地质事件[J].地球科学进展,2006,21(8):793-799.Pang Xiong,Chen Changmin,Wu Mengshuang,etal.The Pearl River Deep-Water Fan Systems and Sig-nificant Geological Events[J].Advance in Earth Sci-ence,2006,21(8):793-799.
[20]Chen P P H,Chen Z Y,Zhang Q M.Sequence Stra-tigraphy and Continental-Margin Development of theNorthwestern Shelf of the South China Sea[J].AAPG Bulletin,1993,77(5):842-862.
[21]何云龙,解习农,李俊良,等.琼东南盆地陆坡体系发育特征及其控制因素[J].地质科技情报,2010,29(2):118-122.He Yunlong,Xie Xinong,Li Junliang,et al.Deposi-tional Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Con-tinental Slope System in the Qiongdongnan Basin[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2010,29(2):118-122.
[22]Frey-Martinez J,Cartwright J,James D.FrontallyConfined Versus Frontally Emergent SubmarineLandslides:A 3DSeismic Characterisation[J].Ma-rine and Petroleum Geology,2006,23(5):585-604.
[23]Lewis K B.Slumping on a Continental Slope Inclinedat 1°-4°[J].Sedimentology,1971,12(1/2):97-110.
[24]Frey-Martinez J,Cartwright J,Hall B.3DSeismicInterpretation of Slump Complexes:Examples fromthe Continental Margin of Israel[J].Basin Research,2005,17(1):83-108.
[25]Gee M J R,Gawthorpe R L,Friedmann S J.Trigge-ring and Evolution of a Giant Submarine Landslide,Offshore Angola,Revealed by 3DSeismic Stratigra-phy and Geomorphology[J].Journal of SedimentaryResearch,2006,76(1/2):9-19.
[26]Tripsanas E K,Piper D J W,Campbell D C.Evolu-tion and Depositional Structure of Earthquake-InducedMass Movements and Gravity Flows:Southwest Or-phan Basin,Labrador Sea[J].Marine and PetroleumGeology,2008,25(7):645-662.
[27]Micallef A,Masson D G,Berndt C,et al.Develop-ment and Mass Movement Processes of the North-Eastern Storegga Slide[J].Quaternary Science Re-views,2009,28(5/6):433-448.
[28]Liu F,Wu S G,Sun Y B.A Quantitative Analysisfor Submarine Slope Instability of the Northern SouthChina Sea Due to Gas Hydrate Dissociation[J].Chi-nese Journal of Geophysics:Chinese Edition,2010,53(4):946-953.
[29]Wang X,Wu S,Yuan S,et al.Geophysical Signa-tures Associated with Fluid Flow and Gas HydrateOccurrence in a Tectonically Quiescent Sequence,Qiongdongnan Basin,South China Sea[J].Geoflu-ids,2010,10(3):351-368.
[30]雷超,任建业,裴健翔,等.琼东南盆地深水区构造格局和幕式演化过程[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2011,36(1):151-162.Lei Chao,Ren Jianye,Pei Jianxiang,et al.TectonicFramework and Mutiple Episode Tectonic Evolutionin Deepwater Area of Qiongdongnan Basin,NorthernContinental Margin of South China Sea[J].EarthScience:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2011,36(1):151-162.
[31]何云龙,解习农,陆永潮,等.琼东南盆地南部梅山组强振幅体成因及油气地质意义[J].石油学报,2012,33(4):617-624.He Yunlong,Xie Xinong,Lu Yongchao,et al.Ori-gin of High-Amplitude Reflections in Meishan Forma-tion of the Southern Qiongdongnan Basin and Its Sig-nificance in Hydrocarbon Exploration[J].Acta Pe-trolei Sinica,2012,33(4):617-624.
[32]吴时国,姚伯初.天然气水合物赋存的地质构造分析与资源评价[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:16-20.Wu Shiguo,Yao Bochu.Analysis of Geology Tecto-nic and Evaluation to Gas Hydrate Resources[M].Beijing:Science Press,2008:16-20.
[2]McAdoo B G,Pratson L F,Orange D L.SubmarineLandslide Geomorphology,US Continental Slope[J].Marine Geology,2000,169(1/2):103-136.
[3]Alves T M.3DSeismic Examples of Differential Com-paction in Mass-Transport Deposits and Their Effecton Post-Failure Strata[J].Marine Geology,2010,271(3/4):212-224.
[4]Adeogba A A,McHargue T R,Graham S A.Transi-ent Fan Architecture and Depositional Controls fromNear-Surface 3-D Seismic Date,Niger Delta Continen-tal Slope[J].AAPG Bulletin,2005,89(5):627-643.
[5]Bryn P,Berg K,Forsberg C F,et al.Explaining theStoregga Slide[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2005,22(1/2):11-19.
[6]Taylor J,Dowdeswell J A,Kenyon N H,et al.Mor-phology and Late Quaternary Sedimentation on theNorth Faeroes Slope and Abyssal Plain,North Atlan-tic[J].Marine Geology,2000,168(1/2/3/4):1-24.
[7]冯文科,石要红,陈玲辉.南海北部外陆架和上陆坡海底滑坡稳定性研究[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1994,14(2):89-94.Feng Wenke,Shi Yaohong,Chen Linghui.Researchfor Seafloor Landslide Stability on the Outer Continen-tal Shelf and the Upper Continental Slope in the North-ern South China Sea[J].Marine Geology&Quaterna-ry Geology,1994,14(2):89-94.
[8]李前裕,郑洪波,钟广法,等.南海晚渐新世滑塌沉积指示的地质构造事件[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2005,30(1):19-24.Li Qianyu,Zheng Hongbo,Zhong Guangfa,et al.Tectonic Events Indicated by Late Oligocene SlumpedDeposits from the South China Sea[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2005,30(1):19-24.
[9]李成钢,范奉鑫,阎军.东海陆架前缘斜坡北部的滑塌带[J].海洋科学,2007,31(5):90-92.Li Chenggang,Fan Fengxin,Yan Jun.The SlippingZone in the North of the Shelf Break in the East ChinaSea[J].Marine Sciences,2007,31(5):90-92.
[10]刘保华,李西双,赵月霞,等.冲绳海槽西部陆坡碎屑沉积物的搬运方式:滑塌和重力流[J].海洋与湖沼,2005,36(1):1-9.Liu Baohua,Li Xishuang,Zhao Yuexia,et al.DebrisTransport on the Western Continental Slope of the O-kinawa Trough:Slumping and Gravity Flowing[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2005,36(1):1-9.
[11]孙运宝,吴时国,王志君,等.南海北部白云大型海底滑坡的几何形态与变形特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2008,28(6):69-77.Sun Yunbao,Wu Shiguo,Wang Zhijun,et al.TheGeometry and Deformation Characteristics of BaiyunSubmarine Landslide[J].Marine Geology&Quater-nary Geology,2008,28(6):69-77.
[12]刘军,庞雄,颜承志,等.南海北部陆坡白云深水区深水沉积结构要素[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2011,41(4):992-998.Liu Jun,Pang Xiong,Yan Chengzhi,et al.DeepwaterDepositional Elements in Baiyun Deepwater Area ofthe Northern Continental Slope,South China Sea[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2011,41(4):992-998.
[13]何云龙,解习农,陆永潮,等.琼东南盆地深水块体流构成及其沉积特征[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2011,36(5):905-913.He Yunlong,Xie Xinong,Lu Yongchao,et al.Ar-chitecture and Characteristics of Mass Transport De-posites(MTDs)in Qiongdongnan Basin in NorthernSouth China Sea[J].Earth Science:Journal of ChinaUniversity of Geosciences,2011,36(5):905-913.
[14]周蒂,孙珍,陈汉宗.世界著名深水油气盆地的构造特征及对我国南海北部深水油气勘探的启示[J].地球科学进展,2007,22(6):561-572.Zhou Di,Sun Zhen,Chen Hanzong.Tectonic Fea-tures of World’s Major Deep-Water Oil/Gas Fieldsand Their Enlightenment to Deep-Water Explorationin Northern South China Sea[J].Advance in EarthScience,2007,22(6):561-572.
[15]解习农,张成,任建业,等.南海南北大陆边缘盆地构造演化差异性对油气成藏条件控制[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(12):3280-3291.Xie Xinong,Zhang Cheng,Ren Jianye,et al.Effectsof Distinct Tectonic Evolutions on Hydrocarbon Ac-cumulation in Northern and Southern ContinentalMarginal Basins of South China Sea[J].ChineseJournal of Geophysics,2011,54(12):3280-3291.
[16]李思田,林畅松,张启明,等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地幕式裂陷的动力过程及10Ma以来的构造事件[J].科学通报,1998,43(8):797-810.Li Sitian,Lin Changsong,Zhang Qiming,et al.Dy-namic Process of Episodic Rifting in Continental Mar-ginal Basin and Tectonic Events Since 10Ma in SouthChina Sea[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1998,43(8):797-810.
[17]汪品先,翦知湣,赵泉鸿,等.南海演变与季风历史的深海证据[J].科学通报,2003,48(21):2228-2239.Wang Pinxian,Jian Zhimin,Zhao Quanhong,et al.Evolution of the South China Sea and Monsoon His-tory Revealed in Deep Sea Records[J].Chinese Sci-ence Bulletin,2003,48(23):2549-2561.
[18]Xie X N,Muller R D,Ren J Y,et al.StratigraphicArchitecture and Evolution of the Continental SlopeSystem in Offshore Hainan,Northern South ChinaSea[J].Marine Geology,2008,247(3/4):129-144.
[19]庞雄,陈长民,吴梦霜,等.珠江深水扇系统沉积和周边重要地质事件[J].地球科学进展,2006,21(8):793-799.Pang Xiong,Chen Changmin,Wu Mengshuang,etal.The Pearl River Deep-Water Fan Systems and Sig-nificant Geological Events[J].Advance in Earth Sci-ence,2006,21(8):793-799.
[20]Chen P P H,Chen Z Y,Zhang Q M.Sequence Stra-tigraphy and Continental-Margin Development of theNorthwestern Shelf of the South China Sea[J].AAPG Bulletin,1993,77(5):842-862.
[21]何云龙,解习农,李俊良,等.琼东南盆地陆坡体系发育特征及其控制因素[J].地质科技情报,2010,29(2):118-122.He Yunlong,Xie Xinong,Li Junliang,et al.Deposi-tional Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Con-tinental Slope System in the Qiongdongnan Basin[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2010,29(2):118-122.
[22]Frey-Martinez J,Cartwright J,James D.FrontallyConfined Versus Frontally Emergent SubmarineLandslides:A 3DSeismic Characterisation[J].Ma-rine and Petroleum Geology,2006,23(5):585-604.
[23]Lewis K B.Slumping on a Continental Slope Inclinedat 1°-4°[J].Sedimentology,1971,12(1/2):97-110.
[24]Frey-Martinez J,Cartwright J,Hall B.3DSeismicInterpretation of Slump Complexes:Examples fromthe Continental Margin of Israel[J].Basin Research,2005,17(1):83-108.
[25]Gee M J R,Gawthorpe R L,Friedmann S J.Trigge-ring and Evolution of a Giant Submarine Landslide,Offshore Angola,Revealed by 3DSeismic Stratigra-phy and Geomorphology[J].Journal of SedimentaryResearch,2006,76(1/2):9-19.
[26]Tripsanas E K,Piper D J W,Campbell D C.Evolu-tion and Depositional Structure of Earthquake-InducedMass Movements and Gravity Flows:Southwest Or-phan Basin,Labrador Sea[J].Marine and PetroleumGeology,2008,25(7):645-662.
[27]Micallef A,Masson D G,Berndt C,et al.Develop-ment and Mass Movement Processes of the North-Eastern Storegga Slide[J].Quaternary Science Re-views,2009,28(5/6):433-448.
[28]Liu F,Wu S G,Sun Y B.A Quantitative Analysisfor Submarine Slope Instability of the Northern SouthChina Sea Due to Gas Hydrate Dissociation[J].Chi-nese Journal of Geophysics:Chinese Edition,2010,53(4):946-953.
[29]Wang X,Wu S,Yuan S,et al.Geophysical Signa-tures Associated with Fluid Flow and Gas HydrateOccurrence in a Tectonically Quiescent Sequence,Qiongdongnan Basin,South China Sea[J].Geoflu-ids,2010,10(3):351-368.
[30]雷超,任建业,裴健翔,等.琼东南盆地深水区构造格局和幕式演化过程[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2011,36(1):151-162.Lei Chao,Ren Jianye,Pei Jianxiang,et al.TectonicFramework and Mutiple Episode Tectonic Evolutionin Deepwater Area of Qiongdongnan Basin,NorthernContinental Margin of South China Sea[J].EarthScience:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2011,36(1):151-162.
[31]何云龙,解习农,陆永潮,等.琼东南盆地南部梅山组强振幅体成因及油气地质意义[J].石油学报,2012,33(4):617-624.He Yunlong,Xie Xinong,Lu Yongchao,et al.Ori-gin of High-Amplitude Reflections in Meishan Forma-tion of the Southern Qiongdongnan Basin and Its Sig-nificance in Hydrocarbon Exploration[J].Acta Pe-trolei Sinica,2012,33(4):617-624.
[32]吴时国,姚伯初.天然气水合物赋存的地质构造分析与资源评价[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:16-20.Wu Shiguo,Yao Bochu.Analysis of Geology Tecto-nic and Evaluation to Gas Hydrate Resources[M].Beijing:Science Press,2008:16-20.
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