利用泊松阻抗进行油气检测
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摘要
利用地震叠前AVO分析和反演技术进行储层预测和流体检测时,一般需要同时确定多种属性数据体的数值范围,才能有效地刻画储层分布特征。而泊松阻抗属性(PI)可作为一种有效的油气指示器,即单独利用PI数据体就可实现储层表征,且能较好地消除明显的压实背景趋势的影响。文中通过岩石物理分析、井中泊松阻抗曲线求取、井震结合分析,对西非海岸盆地H区块进行了有利目标预测,得出以下认识:①单独利用纵波阻抗、横波阻抗、纵横波速度比和泊松比等属性参数均不能实现储层预测和流体检测;②对于任何深度段的地层,不同岩性的PI门槛值都固定不变,有效消除了地层压实背景趋势的影响,因此利用PI可以有效识别岩性和含油气性,其中含油砂岩落在PI<1250g/cm3.m/s的区域,含水砂岩落在1250g/cm3.m/s1600g/cm3.m/s的区域;③PI值大小与含油饱和度存在较好的负相关关系。通过PI属性筛选出H区块内的有利勘探目标,进而描述了有利勘探目标的空间分布特征和范围。
When AVO analysis and inversion are applied to reservoir prediction and fluid detection,the various seismic attribute value ranges need to be defined simultaneously to effectively characterize the reservoir distribution.However,Poisson impedance(PI) attribute usually acts as an indicator of oil and gas.That means the single PI attribute can be used to realize reservoir characterization,and obviously eliminate the affection of compaction background trend.After a joint study of rock physics,PI curve calculated from logging data and seismic combined with logging,we have accomplished the reservoir prediction of an interesting zone in the Block H of the West Africa coastal basin.The following observations are obtained: ① Reservoir prediction and fluid detection will be failed only with P-wave impedance,or S-wave impedance,or P and S wave velocity ratio,or Poisson ratio respectively.② The PI threshold values for different formation lithology do not change at any depth.So the affection of compaction background trend can be eliminated,and the PI attribute can be effectively used to identify lithology or hydrocarbon.The oil sands PI range is less than 1250g/cm3·m/s,and the water-saturated sands PI range is between 1250g/cm3·m/s and 1600g/cm3·m/s,but the mudstone PI range is more than 1600g/cm3·m/s.③ The PI value keeps a negative correlation relationship with oil saturation.Using PI attribute,both the interesting exploration targets and their distribution in the Block H are defined.
When AVO analysis and inversion are applied to reservoir prediction and fluid detection,the various seismic attribute value ranges need to be defined simultaneously to effectively characterize the reservoir distribution.However,Poisson impedance(PI) attribute usually acts as an indicator of oil and gas.That means the single PI attribute can be used to realize reservoir characterization,and obviously eliminate the affection of compaction background trend.After a joint study of rock physics,PI curve calculated from logging data and seismic combined with logging,we have accomplished the reservoir prediction of an interesting zone in the Block H of the West Africa coastal basin.The following observations are obtained: ① Reservoir prediction and fluid detection will be failed only with P-wave impedance,or S-wave impedance,or P and S wave velocity ratio,or Poisson ratio respectively.② The PI threshold values for different formation lithology do not change at any depth.So the affection of compaction background trend can be eliminated,and the PI attribute can be effectively used to identify lithology or hydrocarbon.The oil sands PI range is less than 1250g/cm3·m/s,and the water-saturated sands PI range is between 1250g/cm3·m/s and 1600g/cm3·m/s,but the mudstone PI range is more than 1600g/cm3·m/s.③ The PI value keeps a negative correlation relationship with oil saturation.Using PI attribute,both the interesting exploration targets and their distribution in the Block H are defined.
引文
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[14]Connolly P.Elastic impedance.The Leading Edge,1999,18(4):438～453
[15]Quakenbush M et al.Poisson impedance.The Lead-ing Edge,2006,25(2):128～138
[16]孙喜新.泊松阻抗及其在平湖砂岩气藏检测中的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(6):699～703Sun Xixin.Poisson impedance and application to de-tect Pinghu sandstone gas reservoir.OGP,2008,43(6):699～703
[17]Lindseth R O.Synthetic sonic logs-aprocess for strati-graphic interpretation.Geophysics,1979,44(1):62～67
[18]Wyllie M R J,Gregory A R,Gardner L W.Elasticwave velocities in heterogeneous and porous media.Geophysics,1956,21(1):41～70
[19]苗永康,王玉梅,吴国忱等.济阳坳陷Y3地区基于地震资料的流体识别方法.石油物探,2010,49(1):62～67Miao Yongkang,Wang Yumei,Wu Guochen et al.Study on fluid identification method based on seismicdata in Y3area of Jiyang Depression.GPP,2010,49(1):62～67
[20]Castagna J P,Batzle M L and Eastwood R L.Rela-tionships between compression and shear-wave veloc-ities in elastic silicate rocks.Geophysics,1985,50(5):571～581
[2]沈凤,钱绍新,刘雯林等.AVO多参数反演在气层检测和储层定量研究中的应用.石油学报,1994,15(2):11～20Shen Feng,Qian Shaoxin,Liu Wenlin et al.The appli-cation of AVO multiple parameter inversion in gassand detection and reservoir quantitative examination.Acta Petrolei Sinica,1994,15(2):11～20
[3]杨文采.地球物理反演的理论与方法.北京:地质出版社,1997
[4]孙豪志,范祯祥.弹性波介质中纵、横波速度反演.石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(6):678～685Sun Haozhi,Fan Zhenxiang.P and S-wave velocity inver-sions in elastic medium.OGP,1994,29(6):678～685
[5]魏超,郑晓东,李劲松.非线性AVO反演方法研究.地球物理学报,2011,54(8):2110～2116Wei Chao,Zheng Xiaodong,Li Jinsong.A study onnonlinear AVO inverse method.Chinese J Geophys,2011,54(8):2110～2116
[6]Mukerji T,Jorstand A,Avseth P et al.Mapping litho-facies and pore-fluid probabilities in a North Sea re-servoir seismic inversions and statistical rock physics.Geophysics,2001,66(4):988～1001
[7]Latimer R B,Davison R R.An interpreter′s guide tounderstanding and working with seismic-derived a-coustic impedance data.The Leading Edge,2000,19(3):242～256
[8]Martinez R D et al.Complex reservoir characteriza-tion by multi-parameter constrained inversion.Presen-ted at the SEG/EAEG Research Workshop on Reser-voir Geophysics,Dallas,Texas,1998
[9]Lines L R et al.Cooperative inversion of geophysicaldata.Geophysics,1988,53(1):8～20
[10]Cambois G.AVO and elastic impedance.SEG Techni-cal Program Expanded Abstracts,2000,19:142～145
[11]Savic M,Masters R,Sena A et al.Elastic impedanceinversion in practice.SEG Technical Program Ex-panded Abstracts,2000,19:236～238
[12]Whitcombe D N,Connolly P A,Reagan R L et al.Ex-tended elastic impedance for fluid and lithology pre-diction.SEG Technical Program Expanded Ab-stracts,2000,19:138～141
[13]Cooke D A,Schneider W A.Generalized linear inver-sion of reflection seismic data.Geophysics,1983,48(6):665～676
[14]Connolly P.Elastic impedance.The Leading Edge,1999,18(4):438～453
[15]Quakenbush M et al.Poisson impedance.The Lead-ing Edge,2006,25(2):128～138
[16]孙喜新.泊松阻抗及其在平湖砂岩气藏检测中的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(6):699～703Sun Xixin.Poisson impedance and application to de-tect Pinghu sandstone gas reservoir.OGP,2008,43(6):699～703
[17]Lindseth R O.Synthetic sonic logs-aprocess for strati-graphic interpretation.Geophysics,1979,44(1):62～67
[18]Wyllie M R J,Gregory A R,Gardner L W.Elasticwave velocities in heterogeneous and porous media.Geophysics,1956,21(1):41～70
[19]苗永康,王玉梅,吴国忱等.济阳坳陷Y3地区基于地震资料的流体识别方法.石油物探,2010,49(1):62～67Miao Yongkang,Wang Yumei,Wu Guochen et al.Study on fluid identification method based on seismicdata in Y3area of Jiyang Depression.GPP,2010,49(1):62～67
[20]Castagna J P,Batzle M L and Eastwood R L.Rela-tionships between compression and shear-wave veloc-ities in elastic silicate rocks.Geophysics,1985,50(5):571～581
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