汶川县映秀镇红椿沟特大泥石流工程防治及初步效果分析
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摘要
2010年8月14日,汶川县映秀镇强降雨导致红椿沟暴发特大泥石流灾害,冲出固体物质80.5×104m3,泥石流堵塞岷江,导致河水改道冲入映秀镇,淤埋了沟口G213国道,毁坏了在建的映汶高速公路引桥路基及桥墩。据调查,在泥石流灾害发生前,沟域内即分布有大量的地震崩滑物源,沟道堵塞极其严重,在持续强降雨下极易发生泥石流。为预防再次暴发泥石流灾害,对红椿沟开展了详细调查,结果显示沟域尚有剩余物源量310.14×104m3,其中动储量达98.4×104m3,在强降雨条件下再次暴发大规模泥石流灾害可能性较大。本文在对红椿沟"8.14"特大泥石流暴发特征介绍基础上,分析了现状条件下泥石流的活动特征,并预测其发展趋势,最后结合泥石流沟工程治理设计思路及工程布置的作用,提出了全流域综合治理设计理念,即"中、上游稳坡固源拦挡,下游固床+排导"相结合的系统工程治理,通过稳源固坡、分级拦挡、分散淤积、调蓄消能、减势排导等系统的工程措施,达到控制灾害性泥石流发生的目的,确保映秀镇映秀新区、G213国道、映汶高速公路的安全。在工程竣工后的2011年7、8月两次强降雨时,红椿沟未有固体物质出沟进入岷江,治理工程效果得到了初步检验,体现了针对巨灾型泥石流沟采用全流域综合工程治理设计理念有较好效果。
A large debris flow disaster was triggered by a heavy rainfall in Hongchun valley,Yingxiu town on August 14,2010.The debris flow carried out a lot of loose sediments and the total amount is about 80.5 × 104m3.This debris flow led to serious secondary disasters including Minjiang river was blocked,Yingxiu town was flooded,the 213 highway was interrupted,the roadbed and bridge pier of a ramp bridge was destroyed.According to survey,a large number of loose sediments was distributed in the groove before the disaster.,the valley was clogged seriously. So the outbreak of debris flow was inevitable in the condition of strong rainfall.To prevent the occurrence of debris flow again,a detailed investigation was carried out around Hongchun valley.The results showed that there were still many loose sediments of about 310.14 × 104m3.Among unstable reserves,the loose sediments were about 98.4 × 104m3.Large-scale debris flow disasters were extremely easy to outbreak in condition of strong rainfall.This paper introduces the debris characteristics,and analyzes its risk and development trend.Furthermore,it formulates the management roadmap of debris flows and puts forward the concept of the whole basin comprehensive treatment.In order to control debris flow disaster happening again,reinforcing management and loose sediment retaining measures are carried out in the middle and upper reaches of the valley.Solid groove bed and platoon guide measures are constructed in the downstream.After the completion of project,during two heavy rainfalls in July and August,2011, there was not any solid loose sediments into Minjiang river and the treatment project was fine,which can reflect that the whole basin comprehensive treatment design concept has good effect for preventing giant debris flow.
A large debris flow disaster was triggered by a heavy rainfall in Hongchun valley,Yingxiu town on August 14,2010.The debris flow carried out a lot of loose sediments and the total amount is about 80.5 × 104m3.This debris flow led to serious secondary disasters including Minjiang river was blocked,Yingxiu town was flooded,the 213 highway was interrupted,the roadbed and bridge pier of a ramp bridge was destroyed.According to survey,a large number of loose sediments was distributed in the groove before the disaster.,the valley was clogged seriously. So the outbreak of debris flow was inevitable in the condition of strong rainfall.To prevent the occurrence of debris flow again,a detailed investigation was carried out around Hongchun valley.The results showed that there were still many loose sediments of about 310.14 × 104m3.Among unstable reserves,the loose sediments were about 98.4 × 104m3.Large-scale debris flow disasters were extremely easy to outbreak in condition of strong rainfall.This paper introduces the debris characteristics,and analyzes its risk and development trend.Furthermore,it formulates the management roadmap of debris flows and puts forward the concept of the whole basin comprehensive treatment.In order to control debris flow disaster happening again,reinforcing management and loose sediment retaining measures are carried out in the middle and upper reaches of the valley.Solid groove bed and platoon guide measures are constructed in the downstream.After the completion of project,during two heavy rainfalls in July and August,2011, there was not any solid loose sediments into Minjiang river and the treatment project was fine,which can reflect that the whole basin comprehensive treatment design concept has good effect for preventing giant debris flow.
引文
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[9]王继康,黄荣鉴,丁秀燕,等.泥石流防治工程技术[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1996,65～216.Wang Jikang,Huang Rongjian,Ding Xiuyan,et al.Debris FlowPreventing Engineering.Beijing:China Railway Press,1996,65～216.
[10]周必凡,李德基,罗德富,等.泥石流防治指南[M].北京:科学出版社,1991,109～215.Zhou Bifan,Li Deji,Luo Defu,et al.Guidelines for the Preven-tion and Treatment of Debris Flow.Beijing:Science Press,1991,109～215.
[11]四川省广汉地质工程勘察院.汶川县映秀镇红椿沟特大型泥石流补充勘查报告[R].广汉:2010.Guanghan Geological Engineering Survey of Sichuan Province.Supplementary Investigation Report of Hongchun Valley GiantDebris Flow in Yingxiu Town,Wenchuan County.Guanghan:2010.
[12]四川省广汉地质工程勘察院.汶川县映秀镇红椿沟特大型泥石流应急治理工程可行性研究报告[R].广汉:2010.Guanghan Geological Engineering Survey of Sichuan Province.Feasibility Study Report of the Emergency Management Project ofHongchun valley Giant Debris Flow in Yingxiu Town,WenchuanCounty.Guanghan:2010.
[2]胡凯衡,葛永刚,崔鹏,等.对甘肃舟曲特大泥石流灾害的初步认识[J].山地学报,2010,28(5):628～634.Hu Kaiheng,Ge Yonggang,Cui Peng,et al.Prelimginary analy-sis of extra-large-scalr debris flow disaster in Zhouqu county ofCansu province.Journal of Mountain Science,2010,28(5):628～634.
[3]崔鹏,韦方强,陈小清,等.汶川地震次生山地灾害及其减灾对策[J].中国科学院院刊,2008,23(4):317～323.Cui Peng,Wei Fangqiang,Chen Xiaoqing,et al.Geo-hazards inWenchuan earthquake area and countermeasures for disaster reduc-tion.Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2008,23(4):317～323.
[4]唐川,李为乐,丁军,等.汶川震区映秀镇“8.14”特大泥石流灾害调查研究[J].地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2011,36(1):172～180.Tang Chuan,Li Weile,Ding Jun,et al.Field investigation and re-search on giant debris flow on August 14,2010 in Yingxiu town,epicenter of Wenchuan earthquake.Earth Science-Journal of Chi-na University of Geosciences,2011,36(1):172～180.
[5]许强.四川省“8.13”特大泥石流灾害特点、成因与启示[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(5):598～608.Xu Qiang.The 13 August 2010 catastrophic debris flow in Sichuanprovince:Caracteristics,genetic mechanism and suggestion.Jour-nal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(5):598～608.
[6]倪化勇,郑万模,唐业旗,等.汶川震区文家沟泥石流成灾机理与特征[J].工程地质学报,2011,19(2):262～270.Ni Huayong,Zheng Wanmo,Tang Yeqi,et al.Mechanism andcharacteristics of Wenjia-Gully debris flow in epicenter area ofWenchuan earthquake.Journal of Engineering Geology,2011,19(2):262～270.
[7]中华人民共和国国土资源部.泥石流灾害防治工程勘查规范[S].北京,2006.Ministry of Land and Resources of the People's Republic of China.Specification of Geological Investigation for Debris Flow Stabiliza-tion.Beijing,2006.
[8]吴积善,等.泥石流及其综合治理[M].北京:科学出版社,1993,231～249.Wu Jishan,et al.Debris Flow and Its Comprehensive Control.Beijing:Science Press,1993,231～249.
[9]王继康,黄荣鉴,丁秀燕,等.泥石流防治工程技术[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1996,65～216.Wang Jikang,Huang Rongjian,Ding Xiuyan,et al.Debris FlowPreventing Engineering.Beijing:China Railway Press,1996,65～216.
[10]周必凡,李德基,罗德富,等.泥石流防治指南[M].北京:科学出版社,1991,109～215.Zhou Bifan,Li Deji,Luo Defu,et al.Guidelines for the Preven-tion and Treatment of Debris Flow.Beijing:Science Press,1991,109～215.
[11]四川省广汉地质工程勘察院.汶川县映秀镇红椿沟特大型泥石流补充勘查报告[R].广汉:2010.Guanghan Geological Engineering Survey of Sichuan Province.Supplementary Investigation Report of Hongchun Valley GiantDebris Flow in Yingxiu Town,Wenchuan County.Guanghan:2010.
[12]四川省广汉地质工程勘察院.汶川县映秀镇红椿沟特大型泥石流应急治理工程可行性研究报告[R].广汉:2010.Guanghan Geological Engineering Survey of Sichuan Province.Feasibility Study Report of the Emergency Management Project ofHongchun valley Giant Debris Flow in Yingxiu Town,WenchuanCounty.Guanghan:2010.
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