黑龙江板块构造地球物理研究基本进展
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摘要
位于东北亚的黑龙江板块由额尔古纳—兴安、松嫩—张广才岭、佳木斯、兴凯微板块和完达山地体拼贴组成。自中国满洲里—绥芬河地学断面(GGT)地球物理综合研究以来,东北地区进行了大量的地电、重磁、地震探测工作,得到的成果对研究东亚地球动力学、探查矿产资源具有极为宝贵的基础作用。这些成果包括:1)地震波速指示松辽盆地石炭—二叠纪(C—P)基底地层至少在松辽盆地北部和南部都存在,这里成为油气探查的新领域;松辽盆地滨北地区面积约7万km2,具有良好的油气远景。2)解释MT资料发现,组成黑龙江板块的几个微板块之间都存在陆间洋的俯冲,并时有洋壳残片伴生;而黑龙江板块与其南部的华北板块之间则存在古亚洲洋向黑龙江板块的俯冲。3)对大兴安岭—太行山—武陵山大型重力梯级带的成因机制提出了"三结点模型"。利用近垂直反射地震剖面,发现了松辽盆地一带莫霍(Moho)界面大型近南北向的"断开带"。4)油气地震成像、去噪、波场与信息方面,建立了三维条件下的有限孔径偏移理论;在提出消减随机噪声的一维时变中值滤波基础上,又建立了二维中值滤波技术;把时频峰值滤波引进到地震勘探消噪领域,建立了Ricker子波核最小二乘支持向量机回归滤波方法;提出了Seislet变换重建技术,以及扩展的高阶Seislet变换方法。由迹变换理论出发建立了消减地震面波的Co-Core迹变换方法。用伪谱法模拟黏弹各向异性介质中波的传播特征,发现黏弹各向异性介质中准S(qS)波比准P(qP)波衰减程度大;通过建立的混沌振子系统,检测出淹没在强随机噪声背景中的地震同相轴,并建立了时空域双曲滤波方法。系统研究了地质雷达的理论和方法,建立的地质雷达偏移成像系统成功地用在了地雷成像中。
Heilongjiang plate,located in the northeast Asia,consists of Erguna-Hingan,Songnen-Zhangguangcai Ridge,Jiamusi,Xingkai microplates and Wandashan terrane.Since the comprehensive geophysical works on the Manzhouli-Suifenhe geoscience transect(GGT),magnetotellurics(MT),gravity,magnetic,and seismic probing have been conducted in the Northeast China.The obtained results play a basic role in the geodynamical research and mineral exploration in East Asia.The achievements from these works include: 1)Indicated by the seismic wave velocity,formations of Carboniferous-Permian period(C-P) basement exist at least in the north and the south of the Songliao basin,where should be the future regions for oil and gas exploration;there is a great oil-gas potential in the Binbei district of the Songliao basin with the area of 70 thousands km2.2)The interpretation of MT data show the subduction of intercontinental sea between the microplates in the Heilongjiang plate with the remnants of oceanic crust;the image can be observed that the ancient Asian Ocean subducted to Heilongjiang plate between the Heilongjiang plate and the south of North China plate.3)The origin of the gravitational gradient zone along Daxinganling Mountains-Taihang Mountains-Wuling Mountains is presented by the "triple-junction model".The near-vertical seismic reflection profiles show a "break zone" of Moho interface along nearly north-south direction in Songliao basin.4)A 3D migration theory with finite aperture is established in seismic imaging for oil and gas exploration.Based on a 1D time-variant median filtering technique to decrease seismic random noises,2D median filtering technique is developed.Then the time-frequency peak filtering denoise technique is introduced into seismic exploration;the least square support vector regression filter based on Ricker wavelet kernel is established;a reconstruction technique of Seislet transform to seismic data and an extended higher-order Seislet transform are presented;based on the Trace transform,a Co-Core Trace transform is built up to eliminate seismic surface wave.The pseudo-spectral method is used to simulate the wave propagation which shows the attenuation of qS wave is lager than that of qP wave in the viscoelastic anisotropic media;the seismic events are detected in the background with strong noise by the chaotic oscillator system,and the hyperbolic time-distance relation filter is set up.A migration imaging system for ground penetrating radar(GPR) is used for landmine imaging successfully.
Heilongjiang plate,located in the northeast Asia,consists of Erguna-Hingan,Songnen-Zhangguangcai Ridge,Jiamusi,Xingkai microplates and Wandashan terrane.Since the comprehensive geophysical works on the Manzhouli-Suifenhe geoscience transect(GGT),magnetotellurics(MT),gravity,magnetic,and seismic probing have been conducted in the Northeast China.The obtained results play a basic role in the geodynamical research and mineral exploration in East Asia.The achievements from these works include: 1)Indicated by the seismic wave velocity,formations of Carboniferous-Permian period(C-P) basement exist at least in the north and the south of the Songliao basin,where should be the future regions for oil and gas exploration;there is a great oil-gas potential in the Binbei district of the Songliao basin with the area of 70 thousands km2.2)The interpretation of MT data show the subduction of intercontinental sea between the microplates in the Heilongjiang plate with the remnants of oceanic crust;the image can be observed that the ancient Asian Ocean subducted to Heilongjiang plate between the Heilongjiang plate and the south of North China plate.3)The origin of the gravitational gradient zone along Daxinganling Mountains-Taihang Mountains-Wuling Mountains is presented by the "triple-junction model".The near-vertical seismic reflection profiles show a "break zone" of Moho interface along nearly north-south direction in Songliao basin.4)A 3D migration theory with finite aperture is established in seismic imaging for oil and gas exploration.Based on a 1D time-variant median filtering technique to decrease seismic random noises,2D median filtering technique is developed.Then the time-frequency peak filtering denoise technique is introduced into seismic exploration;the least square support vector regression filter based on Ricker wavelet kernel is established;a reconstruction technique of Seislet transform to seismic data and an extended higher-order Seislet transform are presented;based on the Trace transform,a Co-Core Trace transform is built up to eliminate seismic surface wave.The pseudo-spectral method is used to simulate the wave propagation which shows the attenuation of qS wave is lager than that of qP wave in the viscoelastic anisotropic media;the seismic events are detected in the background with strong noise by the chaotic oscillator system,and the hyperbolic time-distance relation filter is set up.A migration imaging system for ground penetrating radar(GPR) is used for landmine imaging successfully.
引文
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