碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏三维地质建模方法——以塔河油田四区奥陶系油藏为例
|
摘要
碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏储集空间类型主要为大型溶洞、溶蚀孔洞及裂缝,尺度大小悬殊,形态不规则,分布不连续。定量刻画孔、洞、缝在三维空间的展布一直是该类油藏开发的技术难题,目前尚缺乏有效的地质建模方法。以塔河碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏为原型,提出了多元约束碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏三维地质建模方法,即在古岩溶发育模式控制下,采用两步法建模。第一步,建立4个单一类型储集体模型:首先利用地震识别的大型溶洞和大尺度裂缝,通过确定性建模方法,建立离散大型溶洞模型和离散大尺度裂缝模型;然后在岩溶相控约束下,基于溶洞发育概率体和井间裂缝发育概率体,采用随机建模多属性协同模拟方法,建立溶蚀孔洞模型和小尺度离散裂缝模型。第二步,采用同位条件赋值算法,将4个单一类型模型融合成多尺度离散缝洞储集体三维地质模型。该模型定量刻画了缝洞储集体在三维空间的展布特征,为油田开发奠定了坚实的地质基础。
Reservoir spaces of fractured-vuggy carbonates mainly,include large caverns,dissolved pores and fractures,which are varied in scale,irregular in shapes and discontinuous in distribution.There still have no effective geological modeling method for quantitative descriptions of 3D reservoir space distributions in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs.In this paper,taking Tahe fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir as an example,we put forward a 3D geological modeling method of fractured-vuggy reservoir under the constraint of multiple geological factors,i.e.two-step modeling under the control of ancient karst development pattern.In the first step,4 single-type reservoir models were established.After large cavens and large-scale fractures were identified by using seismic data,a discrete large cavern model and a discrete largescale fracture model were established first with deterministic modeling method.Then,under the constraint of karst facies and based on development probability volumes of dissolved pores and interwell fractures,a dissolved pore model and a discrete small-scale fracture model were established by using the stochastic multi-attribute coordinated modeling method.In the second step,the 4 single-type reservoir models were merged into a 3D multiscale discrete geological model of fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs by using the diadochic assignment algorithm.The final model can quantitatively describe the 3D distribution of the fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs,and provide geological foundation for oilfield development.
Reservoir spaces of fractured-vuggy carbonates mainly,include large caverns,dissolved pores and fractures,which are varied in scale,irregular in shapes and discontinuous in distribution.There still have no effective geological modeling method for quantitative descriptions of 3D reservoir space distributions in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs.In this paper,taking Tahe fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir as an example,we put forward a 3D geological modeling method of fractured-vuggy reservoir under the constraint of multiple geological factors,i.e.two-step modeling under the control of ancient karst development pattern.In the first step,4 single-type reservoir models were established.After large cavens and large-scale fractures were identified by using seismic data,a discrete large cavern model and a discrete largescale fracture model were established first with deterministic modeling method.Then,under the constraint of karst facies and based on development probability volumes of dissolved pores and interwell fractures,a dissolved pore model and a discrete small-scale fracture model were established by using the stochastic multi-attribute coordinated modeling method.In the second step,the 4 single-type reservoir models were merged into a 3D multiscale discrete geological model of fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs by using the diadochic assignment algorithm.The final model can quantitatively describe the 3D distribution of the fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs,and provide geological foundation for oilfield development.
引文
[1]李阳.塔河油田碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏开发理论及方法[J].石油学报,2013,34(1):115-121.Li Yang.The theory and method for development of carbonate frac-tured-cavity reservoirs in tahe oilfield[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(1):115-121.
[2]漆立新,云露.塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶发育特征与主控因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(1):1-12.Qi Lixin,Yun Lu.Development characteristics and main controllingfactors of the Ordovician carbonate karst in Tahe oilfield[J]Oil&Gas Geology,2010,31(1):1-12.
[3]江怀友,宋新民,王元基,等.世界海相碳酸盐岩油气勘探开发现状与展望[J].海洋石油,2008,28(4):6-13.Jiang Huaiyou,Song Xinmin,Wang Yuanji,et al.Current situationand forecast of the world’s carbonate oil and gas exploration and de-velopment[J].Offshore Oil,2008,28(4):6-13.
[4]康玉柱.中国古生代碳酸盐岩古岩溶储集特征与油气分布[J].天然气工业,2008,28(6):1-12.Kang Yuzhu.Characteristics and distribution laws of palaeokarst hy-drocarbon reservoir in palaeozoic carbonate formation in China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2008,28(6):1-12.
[5]李阳,范智慧.塔河奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏缝洞系统发育模式与分布规律[J].石油学报,2011,32(1):101-106.Li Yang,Fan Zhihui.Developmental pattern and distribution rule ofthe fracture-cavity system of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in theTahe oilfield[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(1):101-106.
[6]康志宏.塔河碳酸盐岩油藏岩溶古地貌研究[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(5):522-525.Kang Zhihong.The karst palaeogeomorphology of carbonate reservoirin Tahe oilfield[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2006,27(5):522-525.
[7]肖玉茹,王敦则,沈杉平.新疆塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系古洞穴型碳酸盐岩储层特征及其受控因素[J].现代地质,2003,17(1):92-98.Xiao Yuru,Wang Dunze,Shen Shanping.The characteristics of pa-leocace carbonate reservoir and its control factors in ordovician of theTahe Oilfield in the Tarim Basin,Xingjiang[J].Geoscience,2003,17(1):92-98.
[8]王萍,袁向春.塔河油田4区古地貌对储层分布的影响[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(3):381-387.Wang Ping,Yuan Xiangchun.Control of paleogeomorphology on res-ervoir distribution in Block 4 of Tahe oilfield[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2011,32(3):381-387.
[9]张文博,金强,徐守余,等.塔北奥陶系露头古溶洞充填特征及其油气储层意义[J].特种油气藏,2012,19(3):50-54.Zang Wenbo,Jin Qiang,Xu Shouyu,et al.Paleo-cavern filling cha-racteristics and hydrocarbon reservoir implication in the Ordovicianoutcrops in northern Tarim Basin[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2012,19(3):50-54.
[10]张希明,杨坚,杨秋来,等.塔河缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏描述及储量评估技术[J].石油学报,2004,25(1):13-18.Zhang Ximing,Yang Jian,Yang Qiulai,et al.Reservoir description andreserves estimation technique for fracture-cave type carbonate reservoirin Tahe Oilfield[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2004,25(1):13-18.
[11]阎相宾.塔河油田下奥陶统古岩溶作用及储层特征[J].江汉石油学院学报,2002,24(4):23-25.Yan Xiangbin.Paleokarst and reservoir characteristics of lower ordovi-cian in Tahe oilfield[J].Journal of Jianghan Pereoleum Institute,2002,24(4):23-25.
[12]李阳.塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩溶洞型储集体识别及定量表征[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,36(1):1-8.Li Yang.Ordovician carbonate fracture-cavity reservoirs identificationand quantitative characterization in Tahe Oilfield[J].Journal of ChinaUniversity of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2012,36(1):1-8.
[13]吴胜和,欧阳健.塔里木盆地轮南地区奥陶系岩溶体系的测井分析[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1994,18(2):123-127.Wu Shenghe,Ouyang Jian.Well logging analysis on karst system ofordovician at Lunnan region of Tarim Basin[J].Journal of the Uni-versity of Petroleum,China(Edition of Natural Science),1994,18(2):123-127.
[14]季玉新.用地震资料检测裂缝性油气藏的方法[J].勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(5):28-35.Ji Yuxin.Detection of fractured reservoirs with seismic data[J].Pro-gress in Exploration Geophysics,2002,25(5):28-35.
[15]刘钰铭,侯加根,胡向阳,等.塔河油田古岩溶储集体三维建模[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,36(2):34-38.Liu Yuming,Hou Jiagen,Hu Xiangyang,et al.3D modeling of pa-leokarst reservoir in Tahe oilfield[J].Journal of China University ofPetroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2012,36(2):34-38.
[16]胡向阳,熊琦华,吴胜和.标点过程随机模拟方法在沉积微相研究中的应用[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(2):19-22.Hu Xiangyang,Xiong Gihua,Wu Senghe.Application of marked pointprocess stochastic simulation to study sedimentary microfacies[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China(Edition of Natural Sci-ence),2002,26(2):19-22.
[17]赵敏,康志宏,刘洁.缝洞型碳酸盐岩储集层建模与应用[J].新疆石油地质,2008,29(3):318-320.Zhao Min,Kang Zhihong,Liu Jie.Modeling and application of frac-tured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2008,29(3):318-320.
[18]吴胜和,金振奎.储层建模[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999:99-104.Wu Shenghe,Jin Zhenkui.Reservoir modeling[M].Beijing:Petro-leum Industry Press,1999:99-104.
[19]王兆峰,方甲中.缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏地质建模和油藏数值模拟研究[J].石油天然气学报,2012,34(9):1-5.Wang Zhaofeng,Fang Jiazhong.Geological modeling and numericalsimulation study for fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs[J].Journalof Oil and Gas Technology,2012,34(9):1-5.
[20]于金彪,吴胜和.基于动态资料约束的储层迭代建模研究[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,36(4):13-18.Yu Jinbiao,Wu Shenghe.Reservoir iterative modeling constrained bydynamic data[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Editionof Natural Science),2012,36(4):13-18.
[2]漆立新,云露.塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶发育特征与主控因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(1):1-12.Qi Lixin,Yun Lu.Development characteristics and main controllingfactors of the Ordovician carbonate karst in Tahe oilfield[J]Oil&Gas Geology,2010,31(1):1-12.
[3]江怀友,宋新民,王元基,等.世界海相碳酸盐岩油气勘探开发现状与展望[J].海洋石油,2008,28(4):6-13.Jiang Huaiyou,Song Xinmin,Wang Yuanji,et al.Current situationand forecast of the world’s carbonate oil and gas exploration and de-velopment[J].Offshore Oil,2008,28(4):6-13.
[4]康玉柱.中国古生代碳酸盐岩古岩溶储集特征与油气分布[J].天然气工业,2008,28(6):1-12.Kang Yuzhu.Characteristics and distribution laws of palaeokarst hy-drocarbon reservoir in palaeozoic carbonate formation in China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2008,28(6):1-12.
[5]李阳,范智慧.塔河奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏缝洞系统发育模式与分布规律[J].石油学报,2011,32(1):101-106.Li Yang,Fan Zhihui.Developmental pattern and distribution rule ofthe fracture-cavity system of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in theTahe oilfield[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(1):101-106.
[6]康志宏.塔河碳酸盐岩油藏岩溶古地貌研究[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(5):522-525.Kang Zhihong.The karst palaeogeomorphology of carbonate reservoirin Tahe oilfield[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2006,27(5):522-525.
[7]肖玉茹,王敦则,沈杉平.新疆塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系古洞穴型碳酸盐岩储层特征及其受控因素[J].现代地质,2003,17(1):92-98.Xiao Yuru,Wang Dunze,Shen Shanping.The characteristics of pa-leocace carbonate reservoir and its control factors in ordovician of theTahe Oilfield in the Tarim Basin,Xingjiang[J].Geoscience,2003,17(1):92-98.
[8]王萍,袁向春.塔河油田4区古地貌对储层分布的影响[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(3):381-387.Wang Ping,Yuan Xiangchun.Control of paleogeomorphology on res-ervoir distribution in Block 4 of Tahe oilfield[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2011,32(3):381-387.
[9]张文博,金强,徐守余,等.塔北奥陶系露头古溶洞充填特征及其油气储层意义[J].特种油气藏,2012,19(3):50-54.Zang Wenbo,Jin Qiang,Xu Shouyu,et al.Paleo-cavern filling cha-racteristics and hydrocarbon reservoir implication in the Ordovicianoutcrops in northern Tarim Basin[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2012,19(3):50-54.
[10]张希明,杨坚,杨秋来,等.塔河缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏描述及储量评估技术[J].石油学报,2004,25(1):13-18.Zhang Ximing,Yang Jian,Yang Qiulai,et al.Reservoir description andreserves estimation technique for fracture-cave type carbonate reservoirin Tahe Oilfield[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2004,25(1):13-18.
[11]阎相宾.塔河油田下奥陶统古岩溶作用及储层特征[J].江汉石油学院学报,2002,24(4):23-25.Yan Xiangbin.Paleokarst and reservoir characteristics of lower ordovi-cian in Tahe oilfield[J].Journal of Jianghan Pereoleum Institute,2002,24(4):23-25.
[12]李阳.塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩溶洞型储集体识别及定量表征[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,36(1):1-8.Li Yang.Ordovician carbonate fracture-cavity reservoirs identificationand quantitative characterization in Tahe Oilfield[J].Journal of ChinaUniversity of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2012,36(1):1-8.
[13]吴胜和,欧阳健.塔里木盆地轮南地区奥陶系岩溶体系的测井分析[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1994,18(2):123-127.Wu Shenghe,Ouyang Jian.Well logging analysis on karst system ofordovician at Lunnan region of Tarim Basin[J].Journal of the Uni-versity of Petroleum,China(Edition of Natural Science),1994,18(2):123-127.
[14]季玉新.用地震资料检测裂缝性油气藏的方法[J].勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(5):28-35.Ji Yuxin.Detection of fractured reservoirs with seismic data[J].Pro-gress in Exploration Geophysics,2002,25(5):28-35.
[15]刘钰铭,侯加根,胡向阳,等.塔河油田古岩溶储集体三维建模[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,36(2):34-38.Liu Yuming,Hou Jiagen,Hu Xiangyang,et al.3D modeling of pa-leokarst reservoir in Tahe oilfield[J].Journal of China University ofPetroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2012,36(2):34-38.
[16]胡向阳,熊琦华,吴胜和.标点过程随机模拟方法在沉积微相研究中的应用[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(2):19-22.Hu Xiangyang,Xiong Gihua,Wu Senghe.Application of marked pointprocess stochastic simulation to study sedimentary microfacies[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China(Edition of Natural Sci-ence),2002,26(2):19-22.
[17]赵敏,康志宏,刘洁.缝洞型碳酸盐岩储集层建模与应用[J].新疆石油地质,2008,29(3):318-320.Zhao Min,Kang Zhihong,Liu Jie.Modeling and application of frac-tured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2008,29(3):318-320.
[18]吴胜和,金振奎.储层建模[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999:99-104.Wu Shenghe,Jin Zhenkui.Reservoir modeling[M].Beijing:Petro-leum Industry Press,1999:99-104.
[19]王兆峰,方甲中.缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏地质建模和油藏数值模拟研究[J].石油天然气学报,2012,34(9):1-5.Wang Zhaofeng,Fang Jiazhong.Geological modeling and numericalsimulation study for fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs[J].Journalof Oil and Gas Technology,2012,34(9):1-5.
[20]于金彪,吴胜和.基于动态资料约束的储层迭代建模研究[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,36(4):13-18.Yu Jinbiao,Wu Shenghe.Reservoir iterative modeling constrained bydynamic data[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Editionof Natural Science),2012,36(4):13-18.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心