断层破裂方式对银川盆地强地面运动的影响
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摘要
银川盆地是受断层控制的断陷性盆地,边缘和内部发育了多条断裂带,特别是其内部晚更新世—全新世活动的银川隐伏断层可能对银川市的建设规划和抗震设防影响较大。为了研究银川隐伏断层活动对银川盆地强地面运动特征的影响,本文以银川隐伏活动断层作为目标断层,模拟了断层发生Mw6.5特征地震时,在单侧破裂和双侧破裂两种方式下,银川盆地的强地面运动分布特征。分析结果表明在两种破裂方式下,盆地内强地面运动表现出不同形态的地震条带状分布特征和上盘效应;同时受到银川盆地边缘断裂"西陡东缓"构造特征的影响,地表强地震动分布和断层附近观测点的时程也呈现出独特的盆地边界反射作用。在单侧破裂和双侧破裂两种模式下,近场强地面运动集中区总体上呈现北强南弱的现象,银川市及附近的芦花台等地区是强地面运动分布的主要区域。
Yinchuan is a graben-like downfaulted Cenozoic era basin with many faults inside basin or along west and east edges.As a late Pleistocene epoch-Holocene active fault,Yinchuan buried fault is one of the active faults which perhaps affect the urban planning and development and earthquake resistance of Yinchuan City seriously.In order to study the influence of Yinchuan buried fault on the strong ground motion in the basin,we simulated the near-field ground motion by means of two rupture modes,unilateral rupture mode and bilateral rupture mode,while the characteristic earthquake magnitude is Mw 6.5.In simulation results,the intensive stripped distribution and hanging wall effect of ground motion appeared with different shapes obviously along the fault trace in terms of two rupture modes.As the influence of Yinchuan Basin structure "steep in west edge and gentle in east edge",special basin edge effect can be found from some observation point time-histories and near-field ground motion distributions.The major character of strong ground motion is that along the active fault,the ground motion intensity in the north area of the basin is higher than that in south area.So the Yinchuan City and Luhuatai City became two intensive regions of strong ground motion.
Yinchuan is a graben-like downfaulted Cenozoic era basin with many faults inside basin or along west and east edges.As a late Pleistocene epoch-Holocene active fault,Yinchuan buried fault is one of the active faults which perhaps affect the urban planning and development and earthquake resistance of Yinchuan City seriously.In order to study the influence of Yinchuan buried fault on the strong ground motion in the basin,we simulated the near-field ground motion by means of two rupture modes,unilateral rupture mode and bilateral rupture mode,while the characteristic earthquake magnitude is Mw 6.5.In simulation results,the intensive stripped distribution and hanging wall effect of ground motion appeared with different shapes obviously along the fault trace in terms of two rupture modes.As the influence of Yinchuan Basin structure "steep in west edge and gentle in east edge",special basin edge effect can be found from some observation point time-histories and near-field ground motion distributions.The major character of strong ground motion is that along the active fault,the ground motion intensity in the north area of the basin is higher than that in south area.So the Yinchuan City and Luhuatai City became two intensive regions of strong ground motion.
引文
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[22]孟广魁,王增光,廖玉华,等.银川平原地震区划研究[M].银川:宁夏人民出版社,1994.
[23]严烈宏,王利.银川盆地地热系统[M].银川:宁夏人民出版社,2001.
[24]柴炽章,孟广魁,杜鹏,等.隐伏活动断层的多层次综合探测———以银川隐伏活动断层为例[J].地震地质,2006,28(4):536-546.
[25]丁国瑜,田勤俭,孔凡臣,等.活断层分段———原则、方法及应用[M].北京:地震出版社,1993.
[26]张冬丽,徐锡伟,赵伯明,等.强地面运动数值模拟中三维物理模型的建立方法———以昆明盆地为例[J].2007,29(2):187-196.
[27]Somerville P,Irikura,K Graves R,et al.Characterizing crustal earthquake slip models for the prediction of strong ground motion[J].Seis.Res.Lett,1999,70:59-80.
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[29]Wang HY,Tao X X,Li J.Global source parameters of finite fault model for strong ground motion simulations or predictions[C]//13th World Con-ference on Earthquake Engineering,Vancouver,2004:274.
[2]Wald D J.Slip history of the 1995 Kobe,Japan,Earthquake determined from Strong motion,teleseismic,and geodetic data[J].Journal of Physicsof the Earth,1996,44:489-503.
[3]Parsons T,Chen J,Eric Kirby.Stress changes from the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and iincreased hazard in the Sichuan Basin[J].Nature,2008,454(7203):509-510.
[4]林帮慧,陈运泰,魏富胜,等.不对称双侧破裂过程的研究及其在海城地震中的应用[J].地震学报,1979,1(2):133-149.
[5]何玉梅,郑天愉,单新建.1996年3月19日新疆阿图什6.9级地震:单侧破裂过程[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(4):510-519.
[6]许力生,陈运泰.从全球长周期波形资料反演2001年11月14日昆仑山口地震时空破裂过程[J].中国科学D辑,2004,34(3):256-264.
[7]赵翠萍,陈章立,郑斯华.1998~2003年伽师三次不同类型Ms6级地震震源破裂过程及短期内余震活动特征[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(4):1093-1102.
[8]金星,陈超,张明宇.单侧破裂源对地震动空间相关性影响的远场分析[J].地震学报,2000,22(5):509-516.
[9]金星,陈超,张明宇,等.双侧破裂模型对地震动空间相关性影响的定量研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2001,21(1):1-8.
[10]Olsen K B,Archuleta R J,Matarese J R.Three-dimensional simulation of a magnitude 7.75 earthquake on the San Andreas Fault[J].Science,1995,270:1628-1632.
[11]Pitarka A,Graves R,Somerville P.Validation of a 3D velocity model of the Puget sound region based on modeling long period ground motion data[C]//13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,Vancouver,B.C.,2004:2738.
[12]Frankel A D,Stephenson W J,Carver D L,et al.Seismic hazard maps for Seattle,Washington,incorporating3D Sedimentary Basin Effects[R].Nonlinear Site Response,and Rupture Directivity.U.S.Geological Survey Open-File Report,2007.
[13]廖振鹏.近场波动的数值模拟[J].力学进展,1997,27(2):193-216.
[14]高孟潭,俞言祥,张晓梅,等.北京地区地震动的三维有限差分模拟[J].中国地震,2002,18(4):356-364.
[15]丁海平,刘启方,黄勇,等.三维地震动场数值模拟并行计算系统[J].地震工程与工程振动,2004,24(2):19-22.
[16]张伟.含地形起伏的三维非均匀介质中地震波传播的有限差分法及其在强地面震动模拟中的应用[D].北京:北京大学,2006.
[17]张冬丽,陶夏新,周正华.近场强地震动数值模拟的简化计算方法[J].地震地质,2006,28(4):612-622.
[18]张培震,徐锡伟,闻学泽,等.5.12汶川8.0级大地震的特点与成因———低速率、长周期、高强度的新地震类型[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(4):1066-1073.
[19]徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青,等.汶川MS8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):597-629.
[20]王卫民,赵连锋,李娟,等.四川汶川8.0级地震震源过程[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1403-1410.
[21]张勇,冯万鹏,许力生,等.2008年汶川大地震的时空破裂过程[J].中国科学D辑,2008,38(10):1186-1194.
[22]孟广魁,王增光,廖玉华,等.银川平原地震区划研究[M].银川:宁夏人民出版社,1994.
[23]严烈宏,王利.银川盆地地热系统[M].银川:宁夏人民出版社,2001.
[24]柴炽章,孟广魁,杜鹏,等.隐伏活动断层的多层次综合探测———以银川隐伏活动断层为例[J].地震地质,2006,28(4):536-546.
[25]丁国瑜,田勤俭,孔凡臣,等.活断层分段———原则、方法及应用[M].北京:地震出版社,1993.
[26]张冬丽,徐锡伟,赵伯明,等.强地面运动数值模拟中三维物理模型的建立方法———以昆明盆地为例[J].2007,29(2):187-196.
[27]Somerville P,Irikura,K Graves R,et al.Characterizing crustal earthquake slip models for the prediction of strong ground motion[J].Seis.Res.Lett,1999,70:59-80.
[28]Wells D L,Coppersmith K J.Newempirical relationships among magnitude,rupture length,rupture width,rupture area,and surface displacement[J].Bull.Seism.soc.Am.,1994,84:974-1002.
[29]Wang HY,Tao X X,Li J.Global source parameters of finite fault model for strong ground motion simulations or predictions[C]//13th World Con-ference on Earthquake Engineering,Vancouver,2004:274.
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