粘弹性介质P波反射透射系数近似及对比分析
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摘要
随着油气勘探的发展,勘探的重点已逐渐转向岩性油气藏、隐蔽油气藏.理想弹性介质有时并不能解释许多复杂的实际问题.因此,本文是在粘弹性介质精确Zoeppritz方程的基础上,根据介质的分解理论,将均匀各向同性介质当作背景,将弹性参数的变化和粘弹性参数(品质因子和衰减角)均看成扰动,推导出了P波入射到粘弹性界面的反射透射系数近似公式,并利用四类AVO典型界面模型对反射系数近似公式进行分析与比较,一方面验证粘弹性近似式的正确性,另一方面进一步得到粘弹性介质地震波反射特征,为以后粘弹性近似式的应用提供了理论指导.
With the development of oil and gas exploration,the focus of seismic exploration has been transferred gradually to lithologic and subtle oil and gas reservoir.Ideal elastic media sometimes does not explain many complex practical problems.Therefor,this article based on precision Zoeppritz equation of viscoelastic medium,according to the decomposition theory of medium,the homogeneous isotropic medium as a background,and the elastic parameters transformation and viscoelastic parameters(quality factor and decay angle) as disturbance,has derived the approximation formula of reflection and transmission coefficient of P waves to the viscoelastic interface.And using the four types of typical AVO interface model for analysis and comparison of the approximation formula of reflection coefficient,which firstly proves the correctness of the approximation formula of reflection coefficient,secondly further understands the seismic wave reflection characteristics in viscoelastic medium,thirdly provides a theoretical basis of the future application of the approximation formula.
With the development of oil and gas exploration,the focus of seismic exploration has been transferred gradually to lithologic and subtle oil and gas reservoir.Ideal elastic media sometimes does not explain many complex practical problems.Therefor,this article based on precision Zoeppritz equation of viscoelastic medium,according to the decomposition theory of medium,the homogeneous isotropic medium as a background,and the elastic parameters transformation and viscoelastic parameters(quality factor and decay angle) as disturbance,has derived the approximation formula of reflection and transmission coefficient of P waves to the viscoelastic interface.And using the four types of typical AVO interface model for analysis and comparison of the approximation formula of reflection coefficient,which firstly proves the correctness of the approximation formula of reflection coefficient,secondly further understands the seismic wave reflection characteristics in viscoelastic medium,thirdly provides a theoretical basis of the future application of the approximation formula.
引文
[1]孙成禹.地震波理论与方法[M].中国石油大学出版社,2007:101-124.Sun C Y.Theory and Methods of Seismic Waves[M](inChinese).China University of Petroleum,2007:101-124.
[2]孙鹏远,孙建国,卢秀丽.P-P波AVO近似对比研究:定量分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(增刊):172-179.Sun P Y,Sun J G,Lu X L.Comparative study of P-P waveAVO approximation:aquantitative analysis[J].OGP(inChinese),2002,37(supplement):172-179.
[3]郭智奇,刘财,张凤琴.层状粘弹性介质中SH波的反射、透射问题[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2005,35(S1):57-61.Guo Z Q,Liu C,Zhang F Q.Reflection and transmissionproblem of SH waves in layered viscoelastic medium[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition)(inChinese),2005,35(S1):57-61.
[4]尹陈,贺振华,黄德济.基于二维粘滞性波动方程的地震波衰减理论研究[J].物探化探计算技术,2008,30(5):353-357Yin C,He Z H,Huang D J.The research and the applicationof the seismic attenuation theory based on the wave equation[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and GeochemicalExploration(in Chinese),2008,30(5):353-357.
[5]孙成禹,张玉亮,万学娟.平面波在粘滞性界面上的反射特征研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(2):609-616.Sun C Y,Zhang Y L,Wan X J.Reflection features of planarwaves from visco-interfaces[J].Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2007,22(2):609-616.
[6]郭智奇,刘财,冯晅,等.各向异性衰减与AVO分析[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2010,40(2):432-439.Guo Z Q,Liu C,Feng X,et al.Attenuation anisotropy andAVO analysis[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth ScienceEdition)(in Chinese),2010,44(2):432-439.
[7]孟庆生,何樵登,樊玉清,等.基于BISQ机制三维双相EDA介质中的反射与透射[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):323-327.Meng Q S,He Q D,Fan Y Q,et al.The reflection andtransmission in 3Ddouble-phase EDA media based on BISQmechanisms[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(2):323-327.
[8]马吉靖.纵波质点的运动与界面的反射[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):783-789.Ma J J.The movement of longitudinal-wave particle and thereflection of interface[J].Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2006,21(3):783-789.
[9]孟宪军,刘福平,王玉梅,等.地震反射系数的相角变化[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(增刊1):121-124.Meng X J,Liu F P,Wang Y M,et al.The phase anglechange for seismic reflection coefficient[J].OGP(inChinese),2010,45(Supplement 1):121-124.
[10]罗伟新.单界面反射的反射波法频率域解释方法的研究[J].地球物理学报,1997,40(4):580-587.Luo W X.A frequency-domain interpretation method ofreflection wave from single interface[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1997,40(4):580-587.
[11]卢明辉,巴晶,杨慧珠.双相介质分界面上弹性波的反射与透射[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1439-1445.Lu M H,Ba J,Yang H Z.Reflection and transmission ofelastic waves from a boundary of two-phase media[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(5):1439-1445.
[12]Ren J X,Gangi A F.Reflections and Transmissions of planewaves on an interface between dissimilar fluid-saturatedporous media[C].//64th Annual Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1994,1167-1170.
[13]张玉华.基于岩石物理的AVO正演模拟研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2007:64-68.Zhang Y H.Research on AVO forward modeling based onrockphysics[D](in Chinese).Qingdao:China University ofPetroleum,2007:64-68.
[14]刘银斌,李幼铭,吴如山.横向各向同性多孔介质中的地震波传播[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(4):499-514.Liu Y H,Li Y M,Wu R S.Seismic wave propagation intransversely isotropic porous media[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1994,37(4):499-514.
[15]Wang Y H.Approximations to the Zoeppritz equations andtheir use in AVO analysis[J].Geophysics,1999,64(6):1920-1927.
[16]Shuey R T.A simplification of the Zoeppritz equations[J].Geophysics,1985,50(4):609-614.
[17]Ostrander W J.Plane-wave reflection coefficients for gas sands atnonnormal angles of incidence[J].Geophysics,1984,49(10):1637-1648.
[18]Carcione J M,Tinivella U.Bottom-simulating reflectors:seismicvelocities and AVO effects[J].Geophysics,2000,65(1):54-67.
[19]Xu Y.AVO developments applied to Blackfoot 3C-2Dbroadbandline[D].M.Sc.Thesis of University of Calgary,1999.
[20]Rutherford S R,Williams R H.Amplitude-Versus-Offsetvariations in gas sands[J].Geophysics,1989,54(6):680-688.
[21]Zhang H B,Brown R J.A review of AVO analysis[J].CREWS Research Report,2001,13:357-377.
[22]刘洋,李承楚,牟永光.双相横向各向同性介质分界面上弹性波反射与透射问题研究[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(5):691-698.Liu Y,Li C C,Mou Y G.Reflection and transmission ofplane wave on an interface between dissimilar two-phase,transversely isotropic media[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2000,43(5):691-698.
[23]葛瑞.马沃可,塔潘.木克基.岩石物理手册:孔隙介质中地震分析工具[M].合肥:中国科技大学出版社,2007:60-70.Mavko G,Mukenji T P.The Rock Physics Handbook:Toolsfor Seismic Analysis in Porous Media[M](in Chinese).Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China Press,2007:60-70.
[24]殷八斤,曾灏,杨在岩.AVO技术的理论与实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995.Yin B J,Zeng H,Yang Z Y.Theory and Practice of AVOTechnology[M](in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum IndustryPress,1995.
[25]SCHOENEGRG M.Elastic wave behavior across linear slipinterfaces[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am,1980,68:1516.
[2]孙鹏远,孙建国,卢秀丽.P-P波AVO近似对比研究:定量分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(增刊):172-179.Sun P Y,Sun J G,Lu X L.Comparative study of P-P waveAVO approximation:aquantitative analysis[J].OGP(inChinese),2002,37(supplement):172-179.
[3]郭智奇,刘财,张凤琴.层状粘弹性介质中SH波的反射、透射问题[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2005,35(S1):57-61.Guo Z Q,Liu C,Zhang F Q.Reflection and transmissionproblem of SH waves in layered viscoelastic medium[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition)(inChinese),2005,35(S1):57-61.
[4]尹陈,贺振华,黄德济.基于二维粘滞性波动方程的地震波衰减理论研究[J].物探化探计算技术,2008,30(5):353-357Yin C,He Z H,Huang D J.The research and the applicationof the seismic attenuation theory based on the wave equation[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and GeochemicalExploration(in Chinese),2008,30(5):353-357.
[5]孙成禹,张玉亮,万学娟.平面波在粘滞性界面上的反射特征研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(2):609-616.Sun C Y,Zhang Y L,Wan X J.Reflection features of planarwaves from visco-interfaces[J].Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2007,22(2):609-616.
[6]郭智奇,刘财,冯晅,等.各向异性衰减与AVO分析[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2010,40(2):432-439.Guo Z Q,Liu C,Feng X,et al.Attenuation anisotropy andAVO analysis[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth ScienceEdition)(in Chinese),2010,44(2):432-439.
[7]孟庆生,何樵登,樊玉清,等.基于BISQ机制三维双相EDA介质中的反射与透射[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):323-327.Meng Q S,He Q D,Fan Y Q,et al.The reflection andtransmission in 3Ddouble-phase EDA media based on BISQmechanisms[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(2):323-327.
[8]马吉靖.纵波质点的运动与界面的反射[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):783-789.Ma J J.The movement of longitudinal-wave particle and thereflection of interface[J].Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2006,21(3):783-789.
[9]孟宪军,刘福平,王玉梅,等.地震反射系数的相角变化[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(增刊1):121-124.Meng X J,Liu F P,Wang Y M,et al.The phase anglechange for seismic reflection coefficient[J].OGP(inChinese),2010,45(Supplement 1):121-124.
[10]罗伟新.单界面反射的反射波法频率域解释方法的研究[J].地球物理学报,1997,40(4):580-587.Luo W X.A frequency-domain interpretation method ofreflection wave from single interface[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1997,40(4):580-587.
[11]卢明辉,巴晶,杨慧珠.双相介质分界面上弹性波的反射与透射[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1439-1445.Lu M H,Ba J,Yang H Z.Reflection and transmission ofelastic waves from a boundary of two-phase media[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(5):1439-1445.
[12]Ren J X,Gangi A F.Reflections and Transmissions of planewaves on an interface between dissimilar fluid-saturatedporous media[C].//64th Annual Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1994,1167-1170.
[13]张玉华.基于岩石物理的AVO正演模拟研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2007:64-68.Zhang Y H.Research on AVO forward modeling based onrockphysics[D](in Chinese).Qingdao:China University ofPetroleum,2007:64-68.
[14]刘银斌,李幼铭,吴如山.横向各向同性多孔介质中的地震波传播[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(4):499-514.Liu Y H,Li Y M,Wu R S.Seismic wave propagation intransversely isotropic porous media[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1994,37(4):499-514.
[15]Wang Y H.Approximations to the Zoeppritz equations andtheir use in AVO analysis[J].Geophysics,1999,64(6):1920-1927.
[16]Shuey R T.A simplification of the Zoeppritz equations[J].Geophysics,1985,50(4):609-614.
[17]Ostrander W J.Plane-wave reflection coefficients for gas sands atnonnormal angles of incidence[J].Geophysics,1984,49(10):1637-1648.
[18]Carcione J M,Tinivella U.Bottom-simulating reflectors:seismicvelocities and AVO effects[J].Geophysics,2000,65(1):54-67.
[19]Xu Y.AVO developments applied to Blackfoot 3C-2Dbroadbandline[D].M.Sc.Thesis of University of Calgary,1999.
[20]Rutherford S R,Williams R H.Amplitude-Versus-Offsetvariations in gas sands[J].Geophysics,1989,54(6):680-688.
[21]Zhang H B,Brown R J.A review of AVO analysis[J].CREWS Research Report,2001,13:357-377.
[22]刘洋,李承楚,牟永光.双相横向各向同性介质分界面上弹性波反射与透射问题研究[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(5):691-698.Liu Y,Li C C,Mou Y G.Reflection and transmission ofplane wave on an interface between dissimilar two-phase,transversely isotropic media[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2000,43(5):691-698.
[23]葛瑞.马沃可,塔潘.木克基.岩石物理手册:孔隙介质中地震分析工具[M].合肥:中国科技大学出版社,2007:60-70.Mavko G,Mukenji T P.The Rock Physics Handbook:Toolsfor Seismic Analysis in Porous Media[M](in Chinese).Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China Press,2007:60-70.
[24]殷八斤,曾灏,杨在岩.AVO技术的理论与实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995.Yin B J,Zeng H,Yang Z Y.Theory and Practice of AVOTechnology[M](in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum IndustryPress,1995.
[25]SCHOENEGRG M.Elastic wave behavior across linear slipinterfaces[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am,1980,68:1516.
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