南海北部神狐海域天然气水合物分布的主控因素
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摘要
针对天然气水合物沉积成矿因素不明确等问题,通过利用南海北部神狐海域的高分辨率三维地震、测井和岩心等资料,对晚中新世以来的地层进行了高分辨率层序划分和精细的沉积解释。从温压、沉积、构造等方面探讨了神狐海域天然气水合物分布的主控因素,认为:BSR上部附近处于水合物稳定温压范围内;粗粒沉积物有利于天然气水合物的富集;在含水合物层段内,孔隙度与天然气水合物饱合度成正比关系;滑塌体是天然气水合物赋存的有利相带;气烟囱形成过程中产生的断裂系统可为富含甲烷流体向上运移提供通道,并在其上部滑塌体富集成矿。因此,神狐海域具备天然气水合物成藏的优越条件,是天然气水合物勘探开发的有利区块。
Studies of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Upper Miocene of the Shenhu Area,northern slope of the South China Sea have been carried out by integrating 3Dseismic data,well log data and core data.The main controlling factors over the distribution of gas hydrate in the area were discussed from temperature and pressure,sedimentation,structure and other aspects.We came to the conclusions as follows.The temperature and pressure near BSR is in the range of gas hydrate stability zone;the coarse-grained sediments is conducive to the formation of gas hydrates;porosity and gas hydrate saturation is directly proportional;the slump deposits are in favor of the gas hydrate enrichment;and the fractures generated in the process of the formation of gas chimney provided the migration path for the methane-rich fluid moving upwards.It is concluded that the Shenhu area is a right target for exploration and development of gas hydrate because of its favorable conditions for gas hydrate accumulation.
Studies of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Upper Miocene of the Shenhu Area,northern slope of the South China Sea have been carried out by integrating 3Dseismic data,well log data and core data.The main controlling factors over the distribution of gas hydrate in the area were discussed from temperature and pressure,sedimentation,structure and other aspects.We came to the conclusions as follows.The temperature and pressure near BSR is in the range of gas hydrate stability zone;the coarse-grained sediments is conducive to the formation of gas hydrates;porosity and gas hydrate saturation is directly proportional;the slump deposits are in favor of the gas hydrate enrichment;and the fractures generated in the process of the formation of gas chimney provided the migration path for the methane-rich fluid moving upwards.It is concluded that the Shenhu area is a right target for exploration and development of gas hydrate because of its favorable conditions for gas hydrate accumulation.
引文
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[20]王家生,高钰涯,李清,等.沉积物粒度对水合物形成的制约:来自IODP 311航次证据[J].地球科学进展,2007,22(7):659-665.
[21]陈芳,周洋,苏新,等.南海神狐海域含水合物层粒度变化及与水合物饱和度的关系[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2011,31(5):95-100.
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[23]Ramana M V,Ramprasad T,Paropkari A L,et al.Multidisciplinary investigations exploring indicators of gas hydrate occurrence in the Krishna-Godavari Basin offshore,east coast of India[J].Geo-Mar Lett,2009,29:25-38.
[24]Torres M E,Tréhu A M,Cespedes N,et al.Methane hydrate formation in turbidite sediments of northern Cascadia,IODP Expedition 311[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2008,271:170-180.
[25]J ansen E,Befring S,Bugge T,et al.Large submarine slides on the Norwegian continental margin:sediments,transport and timing[J].Marine Geology,1987,78(1/2):77-107.
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[28]Bünz S,Mienert J,Vanneste M,et al.Gas hydrates at the Storegga Slide:Constraints from an analysis of multicomponent,wide-angle seismic data[J].Geophysics,2005,70(5):B19-B34.
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[31]杨木壮,潘安定,沙志彬.陆缘地区天然气水合物成藏地质模式[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2010,30(6):85-90.
[32]Hutchinson D R,Hart P E,Collett T S,et al.Geologic framework of the 2005Keathley Canyon gas hydrate research well,northern Gulf of Mexico[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2008,28:906-918.
[33]Jin Y K,Kim Y G,Baranov B,et al.Distribution and expression of gas seeps in a gas hydrate province of the northeastern Sakhalin continental slope,Sea of Okhotsk[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2011,28:1 844-1 855.
[34]Bünz S,Mienert R,Berndt C.Geological controls on the Storeggagas-hydrate system of the mid-Norwegian continental margin[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2003,209:291-307.
[35]王秀娟,吴时国,董冬冬,等.琼东南盆地气烟囱构造特点及其与天然气水合物的关系[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2008,28(3):103-108.
[36]吴时国,龚跃华,米立军,等.南海北部深水盆地油气渗漏系统及天然气水合物成藏机制研究[J].现代地质,2010,24(3):433-440.
[37]苏丕波,雷怀彦,梁金强,等.神狐海域气源特征及其对天然气水合物成藏的指示意义[J].天然气工业,2010,30(10):103-108.
[38]何家雄,祝有海,马文宏,等.火山、泥火山/泥底辟及含气陷阱与油气运聚关系[J].中国地质,2010,37(6):1 720-1 732.
[39]龚建明,胡学平,王文娟,等.南海神狐海域X区块天然气水合物的控制因素[J].现代地质,2009,23(6):1 131-1 137.
[40]龚建明,杨艳秋,闫桂京,等.南海神狐海域热解成因与天然气水合物稳定带底界[J].中国矿业大学学报,2011,39(6):870-874.
[41]张树林,陈多福,黄君权.白云凹陷天然气水合物成藏条件[J].天然气工业,2007,27(9):7-10.
[42]张为民,李继亮,钟嘉猷,等.气烟囱的形成机理及其与油气的关系探讨[J].地质科学,2000,35(4):449-455.
[2]吴能友,梁金强,王宏斌,等.海洋天然气水合物成藏系统研究进展[J].现代地质,2008,22(3):356-362.
[3]Francisco J.Seismic evidence and geological distinctiveness related to gas hydrates in Mexico[J].The Leading Edge,2009,714-717.
[4]Collett T S.Energy resource potential of natural gas hydrates[J].AAPG,2002,86(11):1 971-1 992.
[5]许威,邱楠生,孙长宇,等.南海天然气水合物稳定带厚度分布特征[J].现代地质,2010,24(3):467-473.
[6]于兴河,张志杰.南海北部陆坡区新近系沉积体系特征与天然气水合物分布的关系[J].中国地质,2005,32(2):470-476.
[7]何家雄,刘海龄,姚永坚,等.南海北部边缘盆地油气地质及资源前景[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008:1-4.
[8]匡增桂,郭依群.南海北部神狐海域新近系以来沉积相及水合物成藏模式[J].中国地质大学学报,2011,36(5):915-920.
[9]Holbrook W S,Hoskins H,Wood W T.Met hane hydrate and free gas on the blake ridge from vertical seismic profiling[J].Science,1996,273:1 840-1 843.
[10]黄兴文,陈建阳,于兴河,等.天然气水合物的地震识别方法及研究趋势[J].天然气工业,2005,25(3):58-60.
[11]张光学,张明,杨胜雄,等.海洋天然气水合物地震检测技术及其应用[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2011,31(4):51-58.
[12]Hyndman R D,Spence G D.A seismic study of methane hydrate marine bottom simulating reflectors[J].Journal of geophysical research,1992,97(B5):6 683-6 698.
[13]Hyndman R D,Spence G D.A seismic study of methane hydrate marine bottom simulating reflectors[J].Journal of geophysical research,1992,97(B5):6 683-6 698.
[14]龚跃华,杨胜雄,王宏斌,等.南海北部神狐海域天然气水合物成藏特征[J].现代地质,2009,23(4):210-216.
[15]Max M D.Oceanic gas hydrate character,distribution,and potential for concentration[J].Economic Geology of Natural Gas Hydrate,2006,9:105-130.
[16]吴能友,陈弘,蔡秋蓉,等.科学大洋钻探与天然气水合物[J].地球科学进展,2003,18(5):754-758.
[17]苏新,宋成兵,方念乔.东太平洋水合物海岭BSR以上沉积物粒度变化与气体水合物分布[J].地学前缘,2005,25(1):234-242.
[18]Kraemer L M,Owen R M,Dickens G R.Lithology of the upper gas hydrate zone,blake outer ridge:A link between diatoms,porosity,and gas hydrate[C]∥Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program,Scientific Results,2000,164:229-236.
[19]陈芳,苏新,周洋,等.南海北部陆坡神狐海域晚中新世以来沉积物中生物组分变化及意义[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009,29(2):1-8.Doi:10.3724/SP.J.1140.2009.02001.
[20]王家生,高钰涯,李清,等.沉积物粒度对水合物形成的制约:来自IODP 311航次证据[J].地球科学进展,2007,22(7):659-665.
[21]陈芳,周洋,苏新,等.南海神狐海域含水合物层粒度变化及与水合物饱和度的关系[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2011,31(5):95-100.
[22]Chun J H,Ryu B J,Son B K.Sediment mounds and other sedimentary features related to hydrate occurrences in a columnar seismic blanking zone of the Ulleung Basin,East Sea,Korea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2011,28:1 787-1 800.
[23]Ramana M V,Ramprasad T,Paropkari A L,et al.Multidisciplinary investigations exploring indicators of gas hydrate occurrence in the Krishna-Godavari Basin offshore,east coast of India[J].Geo-Mar Lett,2009,29:25-38.
[24]Torres M E,Tréhu A M,Cespedes N,et al.Methane hydrate formation in turbidite sediments of northern Cascadia,IODP Expedition 311[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2008,271:170-180.
[25]J ansen E,Befring S,Bugge T,et al.Large submarine slides on the Norwegian continental margin:sediments,transport and timing[J].Marine Geology,1987,78(1/2):77-107.
[26]蔡峰,闫桂京,梁杰,等.大陆边缘特殊地质体与水合物形成的关系[J].海洋地质前沿,2011,27(6):11-15.
[27]Bouriak S,Vanneste M,Saoutkine A.Inferred gas hydrates and clay diapirs near the Storegga Slide on the southern edge of the Vring Plateau,offshore Norway[J].Marine Geology,2000,163:125-148.
[28]Bünz S,Mienert J,Vanneste M,et al.Gas hydrates at the Storegga Slide:Constraints from an analysis of multicomponent,wide-angle seismic data[J].Geophysics,2005,70(5):B19-B34.
[29]Hustoft S,Mienert J,Bünz S,et al.High-resolution 3Dseismic data indicate focussed fluid migration pathways above polygonal fault systems of the mid-Norwegian margin[J].Marine Geology,2007,245:89-106.
[30]郭军华,吴时国,徐宁,等.冲绳海槽西侧陆坡及其邻区天然气水合物成藏构造特征[J].海洋与湖沼,2007,38(5):432-437.
[31]杨木壮,潘安定,沙志彬.陆缘地区天然气水合物成藏地质模式[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2010,30(6):85-90.
[32]Hutchinson D R,Hart P E,Collett T S,et al.Geologic framework of the 2005Keathley Canyon gas hydrate research well,northern Gulf of Mexico[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2008,28:906-918.
[33]Jin Y K,Kim Y G,Baranov B,et al.Distribution and expression of gas seeps in a gas hydrate province of the northeastern Sakhalin continental slope,Sea of Okhotsk[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2011,28:1 844-1 855.
[34]Bünz S,Mienert R,Berndt C.Geological controls on the Storeggagas-hydrate system of the mid-Norwegian continental margin[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2003,209:291-307.
[35]王秀娟,吴时国,董冬冬,等.琼东南盆地气烟囱构造特点及其与天然气水合物的关系[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2008,28(3):103-108.
[36]吴时国,龚跃华,米立军,等.南海北部深水盆地油气渗漏系统及天然气水合物成藏机制研究[J].现代地质,2010,24(3):433-440.
[37]苏丕波,雷怀彦,梁金强,等.神狐海域气源特征及其对天然气水合物成藏的指示意义[J].天然气工业,2010,30(10):103-108.
[38]何家雄,祝有海,马文宏,等.火山、泥火山/泥底辟及含气陷阱与油气运聚关系[J].中国地质,2010,37(6):1 720-1 732.
[39]龚建明,胡学平,王文娟,等.南海神狐海域X区块天然气水合物的控制因素[J].现代地质,2009,23(6):1 131-1 137.
[40]龚建明,杨艳秋,闫桂京,等.南海神狐海域热解成因与天然气水合物稳定带底界[J].中国矿业大学学报,2011,39(6):870-874.
[41]张树林,陈多福,黄君权.白云凹陷天然气水合物成藏条件[J].天然气工业,2007,27(9):7-10.
[42]张为民,李继亮,钟嘉猷,等.气烟囱的形成机理及其与油气的关系探讨[J].地质科学,2000,35(4):449-455.
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