偏移成像技术的研究现状和发展趋势——以射线束法在LD-A区域的应用为例
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摘要
偏移是一种提高地震资料空间分辨率的方法,它使倾斜反射界面归位,绕射波收敛。对偏移成像技术的研究现状进行了总结,包括主要的偏移方法(二维与三维偏移、叠后与叠前偏移、时间与深度偏移)和算法(克希霍夫积分偏移、频率波数域偏移、有限差分偏移);讨论了偏移成像技术的发展趋势,包括各向异性偏移、粘弹性偏移、真振幅偏移、速度综合建模及复杂地形条件下成像问题;并通过一个叠前深度偏移成像的实例验证了新技术在复杂构造条件下有很好的应用效果。
Migration imaging is a method to improve the resolution of seismic data,it may recover the inclined reflection interface to its original position,and converge the diffraction wave.In this article we first summarize the status of the migration image technology,including 2D/3D migration,poststack and pre-stack migration,time/depth migration,and algorithm,including Kirchhoff migration,frequency wave-number migration and finite difference migration.Then we discussed the development trend of migration image technology,including TTI migration,viscoelasticity migration,true amplitude migration,comprehensive velocity modeling and complex stratigraphic imaging.Finally a case using beam migration imaging method was introduced to the efficiency of the new imaging method.
Migration imaging is a method to improve the resolution of seismic data,it may recover the inclined reflection interface to its original position,and converge the diffraction wave.In this article we first summarize the status of the migration image technology,including 2D/3D migration,poststack and pre-stack migration,time/depth migration,and algorithm,including Kirchhoff migration,frequency wave-number migration and finite difference migration.Then we discussed the development trend of migration image technology,including TTI migration,viscoelasticity migration,true amplitude migration,comprehensive velocity modeling and complex stratigraphic imaging.Finally a case using beam migration imaging method was introduced to the efficiency of the new imaging method.
引文
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[16]徐义.格子法在起伏地表叠前逆时深度偏移中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(3):839-845.
[2]董敏煜.地震勘探[M].北京:中国石油大学出版社,2000.
[3]渥.伊尔马滋.黄绪德.地震数据处理[M].袁明德,译.北京:石油工业出版社,1994.
[4]亓雪冬,贾光华,仝兆岐.Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移处理技术及应用[J].物探化探计算技术,2009,31(2):126-129.
[5]王洁,马永生,张铁强.偏移技术概述[J].中国西部油气地质,2007,3(1):79-84.
[6]刘文革,贺振华,黄德济.频率空间域波场自适应插值法深度偏移[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2008,35(2):162-166.
[7]张叔伦,孙沛勇.基于平面波合成的傅里叶有限差分叠前深度偏移[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(1):1-7.
[8]Vinje V,Roberts G,Taylor R,et al.Controlled beam migration:a versatile structural imaging tool[J].First Break,2008,29(26):109-113.
[9]Gray S,Notfors C,Bleistein N,et al.Imaging using multiarrivals:Gaussian beams or multi-arrival Kirchhoff?[C]//SEG 72th International Meeting,2002,21(1):1 1171 120.
[10]Hill R.Prestack Gaussian beam depth migration[J].Geophysics,2001,66(4):1 240-1 250.
[11]牟永光,陈小宏,李国发,等.地震数据处理方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006.
[12]梁锴.TI介质弹性波传播特征及qP波深度偏移方法研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2007.
[13]李振春,朱绪峰,韩文功.真振幅偏移方法综述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2008,31(1):10-15.
[14]辛可锋.共聚焦点成像速度建模方法的应用研究[D].上海:同济大学,2003.
[15]何英,王华忠,马在田,等.复杂地形条件下波动方程叠前深度成像[J].勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(3):13-19.
[16]徐义.格子法在起伏地表叠前逆时深度偏移中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(3):839-845.
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