汶川震区震后土体入渗特征试验研究
|
摘要
汶川地震对土体产生强烈扰动,改变了流域下垫面特征,影响到流域产流过程,其中土体入渗特征是导致产流变化的基本因素。选择强震区都江堰龙溪河流域为典型研究区,采用双环法进行野外原位土体入渗试验,得出了泥石流流域不同类型土体的入渗特征。试验结果表明:(1)不同类型土体的最终稳定入渗率大小顺序依次为:林地(0.32mm/min)>草地(0.30mm/min)>耕地(0.28mm/min)>泥石流堆积体(0.19mm/min)>滑坡体(0.17mm/min)>裸地(滑坡后壁)(0.07mm/min);(2)研究区土体的稳定入渗率与孔隙度呈幂指数的正相关关系(R=0.95);前期含水率和细颗粒含量对林地、草地、耕地等土体入渗率的影响不明显,但滑坡体、泥石流堆积体、裸地等土体的稳定入渗率与细颗粒含量之间呈较强的负相关关系。细颗粒含量对土体入渗的影响远小于由根系及其腐烂空洞的影响,从而导致根系发育土体内的细颗粒含量对土体入渗影响不大。此外,土体表面结皮能显著降低研究区土体的入渗性能。
The soil suffered strong disturbance by the Wenchuan earthquake.It has changed the underlying surface characteristic and influenced the runoff process.The soil infiltration characteristic was the fundamental factor that changed the runoff producing.Longxi River basin in serious Wenchuan Earthquake zone was chose as the study area and double-ring devices was used to conduct the in-situ test.Infiltration characteristics in different types of soils were obtained.The results showed that the saturated stable infiltration rates of different types of soil including forest land,grassland,cultivated land,debris flow fan,landslide land and bare land were 0.32,0.30,0.28,0.19,0.17and 0.07mm/min,respectively.The saturated stable infiltration rate was closely related to the porosity with a correlation coefficient of 0.95.The fine grains and antecedent soil moisture content presented an obvious negative correlation with infiltration rates in debris flow fan,landslide land,bare land,however,they showed no significant influence to forest land,grassland,and cultivated land.Influence of fine grains on infiltration was much weaker than the root system and its rot hole.In addition,soil crust could significantly reduce the soil infiltration.
The soil suffered strong disturbance by the Wenchuan earthquake.It has changed the underlying surface characteristic and influenced the runoff process.The soil infiltration characteristic was the fundamental factor that changed the runoff producing.Longxi River basin in serious Wenchuan Earthquake zone was chose as the study area and double-ring devices was used to conduct the in-situ test.Infiltration characteristics in different types of soils were obtained.The results showed that the saturated stable infiltration rates of different types of soil including forest land,grassland,cultivated land,debris flow fan,landslide land and bare land were 0.32,0.30,0.28,0.19,0.17and 0.07mm/min,respectively.The saturated stable infiltration rate was closely related to the porosity with a correlation coefficient of 0.95.The fine grains and antecedent soil moisture content presented an obvious negative correlation with infiltration rates in debris flow fan,landslide land,bare land,however,they showed no significant influence to forest land,grassland,and cultivated land.Influence of fine grains on infiltration was much weaker than the root system and its rot hole.In addition,soil crust could significantly reduce the soil infiltration.
引文
[1]崔鹏,庄建琦,陈兴长,等.汶川地震区震后泥石流活动特征与防治对策[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2010,42(5):10-19.
[2]许强.汶川大地震诱发地质灾害主要类型与特征研究[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2009,20(2):86-93.
[3]唐川,梁京涛.汶川震区北川9·24暴雨泥石流特征研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):751-758.
[4]熊立华,郭生炼.分布式流域水文模型[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004.
[5]吴钦孝,韩冰,李秧秧.黄土丘陵区小流域土壤水分入渗特征研究[J].中国水土保持科学,2004,2(2):1-5.
[6]陈洪松,邵明安,张兴昌,等.野外模拟降雨条件下坡面降雨入渗,产流试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(2):5-8.
[7]余斌,马煜,张健楠,等.汶川地震后四川省都江堰市龙池镇群发泥石流灾害[J].山地学报,2011,29(6):738-746.
[8]芮孝芳.水文学原理[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004.
[9]吕刚,吴祥云.土壤入渗特性影响因素研究综述[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(7):494-499.
[10]郑纪勇,邵明安,张兴昌.黄土区坡面表层土壤容重和饱和导水率空间变异特征[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(3):53-56.
[11]田积莹,黄义端,雍绍平.增加土壤渗透,减少水土流失[J].水土保持通报,1988,8(3):25-30.
[12]张保华,何毓容,周红艺,等.长江上游亚高山针叶林土壤水分入渗性能及影响因素[J].四川林业科技,2003,24(1):61-64.
[13]邵明安,王全九.土壤物理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[14]王国梁,刘国彬,周生路.黄土丘陵沟壑区小流域植被恢复对土壤稳定入渗的影响[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(5):529-534.
[15]闫东锋,杨喜田.豫南山区典型林地土壤入渗特征及影响因素分析[J].中国水土保持科学,2011,9(6):43-50.
[16]Moore I.Effect of surface sealing on infiltration[J].Trans.ASAE,1981,24(6):1546-1561.
[2]许强.汶川大地震诱发地质灾害主要类型与特征研究[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2009,20(2):86-93.
[3]唐川,梁京涛.汶川震区北川9·24暴雨泥石流特征研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):751-758.
[4]熊立华,郭生炼.分布式流域水文模型[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004.
[5]吴钦孝,韩冰,李秧秧.黄土丘陵区小流域土壤水分入渗特征研究[J].中国水土保持科学,2004,2(2):1-5.
[6]陈洪松,邵明安,张兴昌,等.野外模拟降雨条件下坡面降雨入渗,产流试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(2):5-8.
[7]余斌,马煜,张健楠,等.汶川地震后四川省都江堰市龙池镇群发泥石流灾害[J].山地学报,2011,29(6):738-746.
[8]芮孝芳.水文学原理[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004.
[9]吕刚,吴祥云.土壤入渗特性影响因素研究综述[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(7):494-499.
[10]郑纪勇,邵明安,张兴昌.黄土区坡面表层土壤容重和饱和导水率空间变异特征[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(3):53-56.
[11]田积莹,黄义端,雍绍平.增加土壤渗透,减少水土流失[J].水土保持通报,1988,8(3):25-30.
[12]张保华,何毓容,周红艺,等.长江上游亚高山针叶林土壤水分入渗性能及影响因素[J].四川林业科技,2003,24(1):61-64.
[13]邵明安,王全九.土壤物理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[14]王国梁,刘国彬,周生路.黄土丘陵沟壑区小流域植被恢复对土壤稳定入渗的影响[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(5):529-534.
[15]闫东锋,杨喜田.豫南山区典型林地土壤入渗特征及影响因素分析[J].中国水土保持科学,2011,9(6):43-50.
[16]Moore I.Effect of surface sealing on infiltration[J].Trans.ASAE,1981,24(6):1546-1561.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心