基于频变AVO反演的频散属性估算方法及其应用
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摘要
地震波在含油气储层传播时会发生较强的能量衰减和速度频散,以特定的频散属性定量地表征速度频散程度,并可将其作为一种新的烃类指示因子用于储层预测。基于介质界面反射系数随频率变化的数学关系,本文研究了频变振幅随炮检距的变化规律;应用贝叶斯反演理论,可从分频叠前道集中反演出表征纵波速度频散程度和频散程度随炮检距变化的梯度等属性参数。模型测试结果验证了本文所述方法的可行性及频散属性识别油气的有效性,实际应用则进一步说明据此反演得到的频散属性可为储层烃类检测提供较可靠的数据支撑,有效地降低了烃类检测的多解性。
The anomalously high attenuation of seismic wave can occur in hydrocarbon reservoirs,which is associated with velocity dispersion.Therefore,the level of the velocity dispersion can be characterized by dispersion attribute which can be used as a new hydrocarbon indicator in hydrocarbon detection.Based on the mathematical relation between the reflection coefficient and frequencies,we construct the forward model of frequency-dependent amplitude variation with offsets.Using the Bayesian inversion theory,the dispersion dependent attribute indicating the dispersion level and gradient is estimated from frequency-dependent prestack seismic gather.The model test shows the feasibility and the validation of this method.The real data application illustrates that this method provides us a new way and diminishes the ambiguity in the hydrocarbon detection.
The anomalously high attenuation of seismic wave can occur in hydrocarbon reservoirs,which is associated with velocity dispersion.Therefore,the level of the velocity dispersion can be characterized by dispersion attribute which can be used as a new hydrocarbon indicator in hydrocarbon detection.Based on the mathematical relation between the reflection coefficient and frequencies,we construct the forward model of frequency-dependent amplitude variation with offsets.Using the Bayesian inversion theory,the dispersion dependent attribute indicating the dispersion level and gradient is estimated from frequency-dependent prestack seismic gather.The model test shows the feasibility and the validation of this method.The real data application illustrates that this method provides us a new way and diminishes the ambiguity in the hydrocarbon detection.
引文
[1]印兴耀,韩文功,李振春等.地震技术新进展.山东东营:中国石油大学出版社,2006
[2]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路.北京:石油工业出版社,1993
[3]殷八斤,曾灏,杨在延.AVO技术的理论与实践.北京:石油工业出版社,1995
[4]Hilterman F J著;孙夕平等译.地震振幅解释.北京:石油工业出版社,2006
[5]Goodway B,Chen T,Downton J.Improved AVOfluid detection and lithology discrimination usingLamépetrophysical parameters,“λρ”,“μρ”&“λ/μfluid stack”,from P and S inversions.SEG TechnicalProgram Expanded Abstracts,1997,16
[6]Russell B H,Hedlin K,Hilterman F J et al.Fluid-property discrimination with AVO:A Biot-Gassmannperspective.Geophysics,2003,68(1):29～39
[7]Quakenbush M,Shang B,Tuttle C.Poisson imped-ance.The Leading Edge,2006,25(2):128～138
[8]张世鑫,印兴耀,梁锴等.利用基于T-K算子的非线性能量衰减分析技术进行储层含油气检测.地球物理学进展,2011,26(6):2107～2113Zhang Shixin,Yin Xingyao,Liang Kai et al.UtilizingT-K operator-based nonlinear energy attenuation a-nalysis to conduct reservoir hydrocarbon identifica-tion.Progress in Geophys,2011,26(6):2107～2113
[9]陈小宏,田立新,黄饶.地震分频AVO方法研究现状与展望.海相油气地质,2009,14(4):60～66Chen Xiaohong,Tian Lixin,Huang Rao.Researchprogressing on frequency dependent AVO analysis.Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2009,14(4):60～66
[10]黄饶,陈小宏,李景叶.基于谱分解的气藏识别技术与应用.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(1):35～39Huang Rao,Chen Xiaohong,Li Jingye.Spectral de-composition based gas reservoir identification tech-nique and its application.OGP,2010,45(1):35～39
[11]Cooper H F.Reflection and transmission of obliqueplane waves at a plane interface between viscoelasticmedia.Journal of the Acoustical Society of Ameri-ca,1967,42(5):1064～1069
[12]Krebes E S.On the reflection and transmission ofviscoelastic waves-Some numerical results.Geophys-ics,1984,49(8):1374～1380
[13]Nechtschein S and Hron F.Effects of anelasticity onreflection and transmission coefficients.GeophysicalProspecting,1997,45(5):775～793
[14]Ursin B and Stovas A.Reflection and transmissionresponses of a layered isotropic viscoelastic medium.Geophysics,2002,67(1),307～323
[15]Sidler R and Carcione J M.Wave reflection at ananelastic transversely isotropic ocean bottom.Geo-physics,2007,72(5):SM139～SM146
[16]Wilson A,Chapman M and Li Xiangyang.Frequency-dependent AVO inversion.SEG Technical ProgramExpanded Abstracts,2009,28:341～345
[17]Wu X,Chapman M,Wilson A et al.Estimation seis-mic dispersion from pre-stack data using frequency-dependent AVO inversion.SEG Technical ProgramExpanded Abstracts,2010,29:425～429
[18]Shuey R.A simplification of the Zoeppritz equations.Geophysics,1985,50(4):609～614
[19]Chapman M E,Liu E and Li X.The influence of fluid-sensitive dispersion and attenuation on AVO analysis.Geophysical Journal International,2006,167(1):89～105
[20]吴小羊.基于频谱分析技术的频散AVO反演研究[博士学位论文].湖北武汉:中国地质大学(武汉),2010Wu Xiaoyang.Frequency Dependent AVO InversionUsing Spectral Decomposition Techniques[D].ChinaUniversity of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan,Hubei,2010
[2]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路.北京:石油工业出版社,1993
[3]殷八斤,曾灏,杨在延.AVO技术的理论与实践.北京:石油工业出版社,1995
[4]Hilterman F J著;孙夕平等译.地震振幅解释.北京:石油工业出版社,2006
[5]Goodway B,Chen T,Downton J.Improved AVOfluid detection and lithology discrimination usingLamépetrophysical parameters,“λρ”,“μρ”&“λ/μfluid stack”,from P and S inversions.SEG TechnicalProgram Expanded Abstracts,1997,16
[6]Russell B H,Hedlin K,Hilterman F J et al.Fluid-property discrimination with AVO:A Biot-Gassmannperspective.Geophysics,2003,68(1):29～39
[7]Quakenbush M,Shang B,Tuttle C.Poisson imped-ance.The Leading Edge,2006,25(2):128～138
[8]张世鑫,印兴耀,梁锴等.利用基于T-K算子的非线性能量衰减分析技术进行储层含油气检测.地球物理学进展,2011,26(6):2107～2113Zhang Shixin,Yin Xingyao,Liang Kai et al.UtilizingT-K operator-based nonlinear energy attenuation a-nalysis to conduct reservoir hydrocarbon identifica-tion.Progress in Geophys,2011,26(6):2107～2113
[9]陈小宏,田立新,黄饶.地震分频AVO方法研究现状与展望.海相油气地质,2009,14(4):60～66Chen Xiaohong,Tian Lixin,Huang Rao.Researchprogressing on frequency dependent AVO analysis.Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2009,14(4):60～66
[10]黄饶,陈小宏,李景叶.基于谱分解的气藏识别技术与应用.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(1):35～39Huang Rao,Chen Xiaohong,Li Jingye.Spectral de-composition based gas reservoir identification tech-nique and its application.OGP,2010,45(1):35～39
[11]Cooper H F.Reflection and transmission of obliqueplane waves at a plane interface between viscoelasticmedia.Journal of the Acoustical Society of Ameri-ca,1967,42(5):1064～1069
[12]Krebes E S.On the reflection and transmission ofviscoelastic waves-Some numerical results.Geophys-ics,1984,49(8):1374～1380
[13]Nechtschein S and Hron F.Effects of anelasticity onreflection and transmission coefficients.GeophysicalProspecting,1997,45(5):775～793
[14]Ursin B and Stovas A.Reflection and transmissionresponses of a layered isotropic viscoelastic medium.Geophysics,2002,67(1),307～323
[15]Sidler R and Carcione J M.Wave reflection at ananelastic transversely isotropic ocean bottom.Geo-physics,2007,72(5):SM139～SM146
[16]Wilson A,Chapman M and Li Xiangyang.Frequency-dependent AVO inversion.SEG Technical ProgramExpanded Abstracts,2009,28:341～345
[17]Wu X,Chapman M,Wilson A et al.Estimation seis-mic dispersion from pre-stack data using frequency-dependent AVO inversion.SEG Technical ProgramExpanded Abstracts,2010,29:425～429
[18]Shuey R.A simplification of the Zoeppritz equations.Geophysics,1985,50(4):609～614
[19]Chapman M E,Liu E and Li X.The influence of fluid-sensitive dispersion and attenuation on AVO analysis.Geophysical Journal International,2006,167(1):89～105
[20]吴小羊.基于频谱分析技术的频散AVO反演研究[博士学位论文].湖北武汉:中国地质大学(武汉),2010Wu Xiaoyang.Frequency Dependent AVO InversionUsing Spectral Decomposition Techniques[D].ChinaUniversity of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan,Hubei,2010
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