综合利用岩石模量与品质因子信息进行储层流体识别
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摘要
以地震资料为主体的储层流体识别技术对现阶段油气勘探具有重要意义。本文利用岩石模量参数与品质因子作为储层流体指示因子,从提高流体指示因子估算可靠性的角度出发,分别研究了基于弹性阻抗反演的弹性模量参数直接估算方法与基于小波域QVO的品质因子估算方法。岩石模量参数直接估算方法在充分利用弹性阻抗反演高抗噪性与实用性的同时,有效地避免了间接累计误差的影响。品质因子的估算方法基于零相位子波假设,通过对小波域叠前品质因子的归零处理消除叠加平均效应。通过模型试算验证两种方法的流体判识可行性;并且结合实际资料进一步表明岩石模量与品质因子信息的综合应用可以提高储层流体的检测质量。
The technology of reservoir fluid identification based on seismic data plays an important role in the recent hydrocarbon exploration.Utilizing the rock modulus parameter and quality factor as reservoir fluid indication factor,we research two methods to raise the reliability of estimated fluid indication factor,which are the elastic modulus parameter direct estimation method based on elastic impedance inversion and quality factor estimation method based on the wavelet-domain QVO technology,respectively.Besides taking full advantage of elastic impedance inversion to have high signal-noise-ratio and practicability,the rock modulus direct estimation method can diminish negative effect of accumulative error.Based on the assumption of zero phase wavelet,the quality factor estimation avoids the stack effect using the return-zero process of quality factors estimated from prestack wavelet-domain.The model test shows the viability of the two methods,and real data example illustrates further that the utilization of both information of rock modulus and quality factor can improve the quality of reservoir fluid identification.
The technology of reservoir fluid identification based on seismic data plays an important role in the recent hydrocarbon exploration.Utilizing the rock modulus parameter and quality factor as reservoir fluid indication factor,we research two methods to raise the reliability of estimated fluid indication factor,which are the elastic modulus parameter direct estimation method based on elastic impedance inversion and quality factor estimation method based on the wavelet-domain QVO technology,respectively.Besides taking full advantage of elastic impedance inversion to have high signal-noise-ratio and practicability,the rock modulus direct estimation method can diminish negative effect of accumulative error.Based on the assumption of zero phase wavelet,the quality factor estimation avoids the stack effect using the return-zero process of quality factors estimated from prestack wavelet-domain.The model test shows the viability of the two methods,and real data example illustrates further that the utilization of both information of rock modulus and quality factor can improve the quality of reservoir fluid identification.
引文
[1]Russell BH,Gray D,Hampson DP.Linearized AVO and poroelasticity[J].Geophysics,2011,76(3):19-29.
[2]Smith GC,Gidlow PM.Weighted stacking for rock property estimation and detection of gas[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1987,35(8):993-1014.
[3]Gidlow PM,Smith GC,Vail PJ.Hydrocarbon detection using fluid factor traces,a case study:How useful is AVO analysis[C]//Joint SEG/EAEG Summer Research Workshop,SEG/EAEG,Technical Program and Abstracts,1992:78-89.
[4]Fatti JL,Smith GC,Vail PJ,et al.Detection of gas in sandstone reservoirs using AVO analysis:A3-D seismic case history using the Geostack technique[J].Geophysics,59(1):1362-1376.
[5]Gray D,Goodway B,Chen T.Bridging the gap:Using AVO to detect changes in fundamental elastic constants[C]//69th Annual International Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,1999:852-855.
[6]Goodway B,Chen T,Downton J.Improved AVO fluid detection and lithology discrimination using Lamépetrophysical parameters,“??”,“??”,&“?/?fluid stack”,from P and S inversions[C]//67th Annual International Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,1997:183-186.
[7]Quakenbush M,Shang B,Tuttle C.Poisson impedance[J].The Leading Edge,2006,25(2):128-138.
[8]宁忠华,贺振华,黄德济.基于地震资料的高灵敏度流体指示因子[J].石油物探,2006,45(3):239-242.Ning ZH,He ZH,Huang DJ.High sensitive fluid identification based on seismic data[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(3):239-242.
[9]Castagna JP.Instantaneous spectral analysis:Detection of low-frequency shadows associated with hydrocarbons[J].The Leading Edge,2003,22(2):120-127.
[10]边树涛,董艳蕾,郑浚茂.地震波频谱衰减检测天然气技术应用研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(3):296-300.Bian ST,Dong YL,Zheng JM.Study on application of seismic frequency spectrum attenuation to detect natural gas[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(3):296-300.
[11]Mitchell JT,Derzhi N,Lichman E.Energy absorption analysis:A case study[J].66th Annual International Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,1996:1785-1788.
[12]Chi XG,Han DH.Fluid property discrimination by AVO inversion[C]//76th Annual International Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2006:2052-2056.
[13]王保丽,印兴耀,张繁昌.基于Gray近似的弹性波阻抗方程及反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(4):435-439.Wang BL,Yin XY,Zhang FC.Gray approximation-based elastic wave impedance equation and inversion[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(4):435-439.
[14]印兴耀,张世鑫,张繁昌,等.利用基于Russell近似的弹性波阻抗反演进行储层预测与流体识别[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(3):373-380.Yin XY,Zhang SX,Zhang FC,et al.Utilizing Russell approximation-based elastic wave impedance inversion to conduct reservoir description and fluid identification[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(3):373-380.
[15]王西文,杨孔庆,杨午阳,等.基于小波变换拟瞬时吸收系数的计算方法和应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(增刊):205-209.Wang XW,Yang KQ,Yang WY,et al.One method for frequency-division obtainment of instantaneous characteristics of seismic signals in wavelet domain,and its application[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2002,37(S0):205-209.
[16]李宏兵,赵文智,曹宏,等.小波尺度域含气储层地震波衰减特征[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5):892-898.Li HB,Zhao WZ,Cao H,et al.Characteristics of seismic attenuation of gas reservoirs in wavelet domain[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47(5):892-898.
[17]Connolly P.Elastic impedance[J].The Leading Edge,1999,18(4):438-452.
[18]Whitcombe DN.Elastic impedance normalization[J].Geophysics,2002,67(1):60-62.
[19]Whitcombe DN.Extended elastic impedance for fluid and lithology prediction[C]//70th Annual International Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts.2000:63-67.
[20]Ma JF,Morozov IB.The exact elastic impedance[C]//CSEG2005Annual Meeting Abstracts,2005:224-227.
[2]Smith GC,Gidlow PM.Weighted stacking for rock property estimation and detection of gas[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1987,35(8):993-1014.
[3]Gidlow PM,Smith GC,Vail PJ.Hydrocarbon detection using fluid factor traces,a case study:How useful is AVO analysis[C]//Joint SEG/EAEG Summer Research Workshop,SEG/EAEG,Technical Program and Abstracts,1992:78-89.
[4]Fatti JL,Smith GC,Vail PJ,et al.Detection of gas in sandstone reservoirs using AVO analysis:A3-D seismic case history using the Geostack technique[J].Geophysics,59(1):1362-1376.
[5]Gray D,Goodway B,Chen T.Bridging the gap:Using AVO to detect changes in fundamental elastic constants[C]//69th Annual International Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,1999:852-855.
[6]Goodway B,Chen T,Downton J.Improved AVO fluid detection and lithology discrimination using Lamépetrophysical parameters,“??”,“??”,&“?/?fluid stack”,from P and S inversions[C]//67th Annual International Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,1997:183-186.
[7]Quakenbush M,Shang B,Tuttle C.Poisson impedance[J].The Leading Edge,2006,25(2):128-138.
[8]宁忠华,贺振华,黄德济.基于地震资料的高灵敏度流体指示因子[J].石油物探,2006,45(3):239-242.Ning ZH,He ZH,Huang DJ.High sensitive fluid identification based on seismic data[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(3):239-242.
[9]Castagna JP.Instantaneous spectral analysis:Detection of low-frequency shadows associated with hydrocarbons[J].The Leading Edge,2003,22(2):120-127.
[10]边树涛,董艳蕾,郑浚茂.地震波频谱衰减检测天然气技术应用研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(3):296-300.Bian ST,Dong YL,Zheng JM.Study on application of seismic frequency spectrum attenuation to detect natural gas[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(3):296-300.
[11]Mitchell JT,Derzhi N,Lichman E.Energy absorption analysis:A case study[J].66th Annual International Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,1996:1785-1788.
[12]Chi XG,Han DH.Fluid property discrimination by AVO inversion[C]//76th Annual International Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2006:2052-2056.
[13]王保丽,印兴耀,张繁昌.基于Gray近似的弹性波阻抗方程及反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(4):435-439.Wang BL,Yin XY,Zhang FC.Gray approximation-based elastic wave impedance equation and inversion[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(4):435-439.
[14]印兴耀,张世鑫,张繁昌,等.利用基于Russell近似的弹性波阻抗反演进行储层预测与流体识别[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(3):373-380.Yin XY,Zhang SX,Zhang FC,et al.Utilizing Russell approximation-based elastic wave impedance inversion to conduct reservoir description and fluid identification[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(3):373-380.
[15]王西文,杨孔庆,杨午阳,等.基于小波变换拟瞬时吸收系数的计算方法和应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(增刊):205-209.Wang XW,Yang KQ,Yang WY,et al.One method for frequency-division obtainment of instantaneous characteristics of seismic signals in wavelet domain,and its application[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2002,37(S0):205-209.
[16]李宏兵,赵文智,曹宏,等.小波尺度域含气储层地震波衰减特征[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5):892-898.Li HB,Zhao WZ,Cao H,et al.Characteristics of seismic attenuation of gas reservoirs in wavelet domain[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47(5):892-898.
[17]Connolly P.Elastic impedance[J].The Leading Edge,1999,18(4):438-452.
[18]Whitcombe DN.Elastic impedance normalization[J].Geophysics,2002,67(1):60-62.
[19]Whitcombe DN.Extended elastic impedance for fluid and lithology prediction[C]//70th Annual International Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts.2000:63-67.
[20]Ma JF,Morozov IB.The exact elastic impedance[C]//CSEG2005Annual Meeting Abstracts,2005:224-227.
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