倾斜层位偏移规律研究
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摘要
层状介质模型是对实际地质情况较为准确的近似。而在实际的数据处理过程中,以等效均匀介质代替层状介质,波传播的几何路径、介质速度的差别会使对倾斜界面位置的判断偏离实际情况。针对设计的理论模型和从测井数据提取的实际介质模型,笔者运用几何射线理论和波场数值模拟技术,定量计算并提取了层状介质模型和等效均匀介质模型两种情况下反射点在时间和空间上的偏移量。结果证明,等效均匀介质模型近似会造成对倾斜界面位置的判断不准确;准确的速度模型是偏移归位研究的关键,应尽量使用由地震测井资料求得的瞬时速度。
Layered media model is a more accurate approximation of actual geological conditions.However,in data processing of actual production,if we use equivalent homogeneous media instead of layered media,different geometric path of wave propergation and medium velocity will make the judgment of dipping interface location deviate from the actual condition.According to theoretical model and actual media model extracted from logging data and by using geometrical ray theory and wave field numerical modeling techniques,we quantitatively calculate and extract the offset of reflection points in both time and space,of both layered media model and equivalent homogeneous media.The result shows that using equivalent homogeneous media will cause the judgement of dipping interface location inaccurate.Thus,using accurate velocity models is the key for the study of migration homing,and better use of instantaneous velocity obtained from seismic logging data is requested.
Layered media model is a more accurate approximation of actual geological conditions.However,in data processing of actual production,if we use equivalent homogeneous media instead of layered media,different geometric path of wave propergation and medium velocity will make the judgment of dipping interface location deviate from the actual condition.According to theoretical model and actual media model extracted from logging data and by using geometrical ray theory and wave field numerical modeling techniques,we quantitatively calculate and extract the offset of reflection points in both time and space,of both layered media model and equivalent homogeneous media.The result shows that using equivalent homogeneous media will cause the judgement of dipping interface location inaccurate.Thus,using accurate velocity models is the key for the study of migration homing,and better use of instantaneous velocity obtained from seismic logging data is requested.
引文
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[9]张敏,李振春.偏移速度分析与建模方法综述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(6):421-427.ZHANG Min,LI Zhen-chun.Review of migration veloci-ty model building[J].Progress in Exploration Geophys-ics,2007,30(6):421-427.
[10]柏冠军,吴汉宁,赵希刚,等.地震资料预测薄层厚度方法研究与应用[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):554-558.BAI Guan-jun,WU Han-ning,ZHAO Xi-gang,et al.Research on prediction of thin bed thickness using seis-mic data and its application[J]Progress in Geophys-ics,2006,21(2):554-558.
[11]杜世通.地震技术识别与描述超薄储层的潜力与局限[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(6):652-662.DU Shi-tong.Potential and limitation of identifying anddescribing ultra-thin reservoir by seismic technology[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(6):652-662.
[12]杜世通.震波动力学[M].北京:石油大学出版社,1996:162-173.DU Shi-tong.Seismic wave dynamics[M].Beijing:University of Petroleum Press,1996:162-173.
[13]Kelly K R,Ward R W,Treitel S,et al.Synthetic se-imograms:a finite-difference approach[J].Geophys-ics,1976,41(1):2-27.
[14]郭智奇,刘财.粘弹各向异性介质中地震波场模拟与特征[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):804-810.GUO Zhi-qi,LIU Cai.Seismic wave fields modelingand feature in viscoelastic anisotropic media[J].Pro-gress in Geophysics,2007,22(3):804-810.
[15]侯安宁,何樵登.各向异性介质中弹性波传播特征的伪谱法模拟研究[J].石油物探,1995,34(2):36-45.HOU An-ning,HE Qiao-deng.Pseudospectral modelingfor the characteristics of elastic waves propagating in ani-sotropic media[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petro-leum,1995,34(2):36-45.
[16]吉宏泰,孙建国.几种单程波动方程解法的对比[J].世界地质,2010,29(1):104-122.JI Hong-tai,SUN Jian-guo.Contrast at several solu-tions of one-way wave equation[J].Global Geology,2010,29(1):104-122.
[17]付利敏,孙建国,张东良.浅论真振幅权函数的数值计算[J].世界地质,2011,30(4):682-689.FU Li-min,SUN Jian-guo,ZHANG Dong-liang.Ele-mentary discussion on numerical calculation of true am-plitude weight function[J].Global Geology,2011,30(4):682-689.
[2]王彦辉,秦月霜,牛彦良.叠偏剖面三维偏移归位构造图方法[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1997,16(2):59-61.WANG Yan-hui,QING Yue-shuang,NIU Yan-liang.Structural map construction of stack migration profile with3D migration homing[J]Petroleum Geology Oil FieldDevelopment in Daqing,1997,16(2):59-61.
[3]王宁.人机联作解释系统中地震数据的偏移归位处理[J].石油大学学报,1993,17(6):18-21.WANG Ning.Migration method of seismic data in inter-active exploration system[J].Journal of the Universityof Petroleum,1993,17(6):18-21.
[4]何樵登.原理和方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1986:364-366.HE Qiao-deng.Theory and method for seismic exploration[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1986,364-366.
[5]熊晓军,贺振华,文晓涛,等.偏移速度误差引起的假象分析[J].西南石油大学学报,2007,29(6):24-26.XIONG Xiao-jun,HE Zhen-hua,WEN Xiao-tao,et al.Analysis of pseudo phenomena caused by migration veloc-ity error[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University,2007,29(6):24-26.
[6]叶景艳,姚亚琳,王燕群,等.偏移速度分析与偏移成像[J].物探与化探,2009,33(6):674-677.YE Jing-yan,YAO Ya-lin,WANG Yan-qun,et al.Mi-gration velocity analysis and migration imaging research[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2009,33(6):674-677.
[7]陈志德,刘宽,李成斌.三维叠前深度偏移速度分析及蒙特卡洛自动层速度拾取[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(2):246-254.CHENG Zhi-de,LIU Kuan,LI Cheng-bin.3-D pre-stack depth migration velocity analysis and automaticmonte carlo velocity picking in depth[J].Chinese Jour-nal of Geophysics,2002,45(2):246-254.
[8]刘守伟,王华忠,程玖兵,等.时空移动成像条件及偏移速度分析[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(6):1883-1891.LIU Shou-wei,WANG Hua-zhong,CHENG Jiu-bing,et al.Space-time-shift imaging condition and migrationvelocity analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(6):1883-1891.
[9]张敏,李振春.偏移速度分析与建模方法综述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(6):421-427.ZHANG Min,LI Zhen-chun.Review of migration veloci-ty model building[J].Progress in Exploration Geophys-ics,2007,30(6):421-427.
[10]柏冠军,吴汉宁,赵希刚,等.地震资料预测薄层厚度方法研究与应用[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):554-558.BAI Guan-jun,WU Han-ning,ZHAO Xi-gang,et al.Research on prediction of thin bed thickness using seis-mic data and its application[J]Progress in Geophys-ics,2006,21(2):554-558.
[11]杜世通.地震技术识别与描述超薄储层的潜力与局限[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(6):652-662.DU Shi-tong.Potential and limitation of identifying anddescribing ultra-thin reservoir by seismic technology[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(6):652-662.
[12]杜世通.震波动力学[M].北京:石油大学出版社,1996:162-173.DU Shi-tong.Seismic wave dynamics[M].Beijing:University of Petroleum Press,1996:162-173.
[13]Kelly K R,Ward R W,Treitel S,et al.Synthetic se-imograms:a finite-difference approach[J].Geophys-ics,1976,41(1):2-27.
[14]郭智奇,刘财.粘弹各向异性介质中地震波场模拟与特征[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):804-810.GUO Zhi-qi,LIU Cai.Seismic wave fields modelingand feature in viscoelastic anisotropic media[J].Pro-gress in Geophysics,2007,22(3):804-810.
[15]侯安宁,何樵登.各向异性介质中弹性波传播特征的伪谱法模拟研究[J].石油物探,1995,34(2):36-45.HOU An-ning,HE Qiao-deng.Pseudospectral modelingfor the characteristics of elastic waves propagating in ani-sotropic media[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petro-leum,1995,34(2):36-45.
[16]吉宏泰,孙建国.几种单程波动方程解法的对比[J].世界地质,2010,29(1):104-122.JI Hong-tai,SUN Jian-guo.Contrast at several solu-tions of one-way wave equation[J].Global Geology,2010,29(1):104-122.
[17]付利敏,孙建国,张东良.浅论真振幅权函数的数值计算[J].世界地质,2011,30(4):682-689.FU Li-min,SUN Jian-guo,ZHANG Dong-liang.Ele-mentary discussion on numerical calculation of true am-plitude weight function[J].Global Geology,2011,30(4):682-689.
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