用宽频带高分辨率地震分析河道砂体层序地层特征
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摘要
松辽盆地油气勘探开发的主要目标是大型河流-三角洲沉积的河道砂体,河道砂体单层厚度普遍较小,河道改道频繁,地层对比特征不明显,缺乏明显的对比标志。为用地震资料描述河道砂体,近几年我们研制出宽频带高分辨率地震技术,地震频带宽度达5～360Hz,视主频达150Hz,分辨率大幅提高。怎样以层序地层的观点用宽频带高分辨率地震描述河道砂体是一项迫切的任务。应用正演模型技术,分析了薄层河道砂体的宽频带高分辨率地震特征,认识到河道砂体两侧河床的角度不整合斜反射是识别河道砂体的重要层序地层标志。本文通过井震结合,解释了松辽盆地杏树岗3D地震工区宽频带高分辨率地震剖面,识别出单一河道和复合河道两种河道类型,分析了扶余油层上部宽频带高分辨率地震的层序地层特征,通过x70井扶余油层层序五下凹型河道砂体的剖面和平面特征分析,依据地震地层学的观点,认为该河道砂体具有网状河三角洲分流河道特征。
The main oil and gas exploration and development target in the Songliao Basin is the large fluvial channel sandstones or delta distributary channel sandstones.The single-layer thickness of sandstone was small,the rivers diverted frequently,and characteristics of the stratigraphic correlation of channel were not obvious.Using seismic data to describe channel sandbody,recently we have developed a broad band high resolution seismic technology,so seismic predominant frequency bandwidth in Xingshugang of Songliao Basin has increased from 5-80Hz to 5-360Hz,seismic apparent dominant frequency is 150Hz,and seismic resolution increases dramatically.It is an urgent task how to describe the sequence stratigraphy of channel sandbody using broad bandwidth high resolution seismic data.With forward modeling technology,we analyzed the thin layer channel sandbody characteristics on broad-spectral-bandwidth high resolution seismic.We realized that the inclined reflection of angular unconformity in both sides of channel sandbody is the important sequence stratigraphic logo for identifying channel sandbody.Combined with exploration well material,to explain broad bandwidth high resolution seismic profile in Xingshugang of Songliao Basin,we obtain some understanding.We found two sandbody types,i.e.,the single channel sandbody and the composite sandbody.We analyzed the sequence characteristic of Fuyu reservoir on broad bandwidth high resolution seismic section.Through the channel sandbody profile feature analysis of x70well,we know that the channel sandbody characteristics in Fuyu oil layer sequence five is anastomosing river delta.
The main oil and gas exploration and development target in the Songliao Basin is the large fluvial channel sandstones or delta distributary channel sandstones.The single-layer thickness of sandstone was small,the rivers diverted frequently,and characteristics of the stratigraphic correlation of channel were not obvious.Using seismic data to describe channel sandbody,recently we have developed a broad band high resolution seismic technology,so seismic predominant frequency bandwidth in Xingshugang of Songliao Basin has increased from 5-80Hz to 5-360Hz,seismic apparent dominant frequency is 150Hz,and seismic resolution increases dramatically.It is an urgent task how to describe the sequence stratigraphy of channel sandbody using broad bandwidth high resolution seismic data.With forward modeling technology,we analyzed the thin layer channel sandbody characteristics on broad-spectral-bandwidth high resolution seismic.We realized that the inclined reflection of angular unconformity in both sides of channel sandbody is the important sequence stratigraphic logo for identifying channel sandbody.Combined with exploration well material,to explain broad bandwidth high resolution seismic profile in Xingshugang of Songliao Basin,we obtain some understanding.We found two sandbody types,i.e.,the single channel sandbody and the composite sandbody.We analyzed the sequence characteristic of Fuyu reservoir on broad bandwidth high resolution seismic section.Through the channel sandbody profile feature analysis of x70well,we know that the channel sandbody characteristics in Fuyu oil layer sequence five is anastomosing river delta.
引文
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[15]郭学斌,李子顺.应用高分辨率地震技术识别下切谷—松辽盆地杏树岗泉头组解释实例[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(Suppl 1):154-157.
[16]Zeng H L,Henry S C,Riola J P.Stratal slicing(part II):Real 3-D seismic data[J].Geophysics,1998,63(2):514-522.
[17]林承焰,张宪国,董春梅.地震沉积学及其初步应用[J].石油学报,2007,25(2):69-73.
[18]董春梅,张宪国,林承焰.地震沉积学的概念、方法和技术[J].沉积学报,2006,24(5):698-704.
[2]赵翰卿,付志国,吕晓光,等.大型河流-三角洲沉积储层精细描述方法[J].石油学报,2000,21(4):109-114.
[3]林畅松,张燕梅,刘景彦,等.高精度层序地层学和储层预测[J].地学前缘,2000,7(3):111-116.
[4]Paul W M,Thomas L D.Application of 3Dseismic data toexploration and production[J].AAPG Studies in Geology,1999,42:68.
[5]Alf R,Hege F,Inger K O,et al.High-resolution stratigra-phy and seismic attribute mapping of a fluvial reservoir:Mid-dle Jurassic Ness Formation,Oseberg Field[J].AAPG Bul-letin,1998,82(9):1627-1652.
[6]David T L,Mark D,Thomas A.Stratigraphic simulation ofsedimentary basins:Concepts and calibration[J].AAPG Bul-letin,1990,74(3):273-295.
[7]Feng Z Q,Zhang S.Lacustrine turbidite channels and fans inthe Mesozoic Songliao Basin,China[J].Basin Research,2010,22:96-107.
[8]Widess M B.How thin is a thin bed[J]?Geophysics,1973,38:1176-1180.
[9]Li Z S,Guo X B.Predicting the distribution of thin bed res-ervoirs by broad frequency band seismic[J].Applied Geo-physics,2007,4(2):118-126.
[10]张建宁,韩文功,阎昭岷,等.单一河道砂体边界地质模型及其地震正演响应特征[J].油气地球物理,2006,4(4):32-35.
[11]李子顺.地震波衰减规律及其恢复方法[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1545-1551.
[12]吴因业.陆相盆地层序地层学分析的方法与实践[J].石油勘探与开发,1997,24(5):7-10.
[13]侯启军,冯志强.松辽盆地陆相石油地质学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009:136-152.
[14]Wagoner J.前陆盆地层序地层学综述:术语、论文摘要及层序地层学词汇[J].国外油气勘探,1996,8(4):404-416.
[15]郭学斌,李子顺.应用高分辨率地震技术识别下切谷—松辽盆地杏树岗泉头组解释实例[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(Suppl 1):154-157.
[16]Zeng H L,Henry S C,Riola J P.Stratal slicing(part II):Real 3-D seismic data[J].Geophysics,1998,63(2):514-522.
[17]林承焰,张宪国,董春梅.地震沉积学及其初步应用[J].石油学报,2007,25(2):69-73.
[18]董春梅,张宪国,林承焰.地震沉积学的概念、方法和技术[J].沉积学报,2006,24(5):698-704.
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