基于波场延拓的变换坐标转换波静校正
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摘要
常规的转换波静校正的基本思想都是从地震波的运动学特征出发,基于地表一致性假设.在地表条件复杂和地表高程相差较大的地区,它不仅无法解决严重的静校正问题,反而会带来新的畸变.本文基于频率波数域波动方程偏移原理,采用波场延拓方法实现转换波静校正,其关键点在于时间空间域和频率波数域的相对应.文中通过坐标变换将起伏地表转化为新坐标系下的水平地表,把炮点和检波点映射到同一水平面上,然后在新坐标系下推导频率域波动方程延拓公式,接着对下行波P和上行转换波SV分别利用近地表速度向上延拓到基准面,恢复起伏地表到基准面之间的真实波场,最后转换到原始坐标系取出基准面数据完成转换波静校正.通过对模拟和实际数据处理,证明该方法是正确和有效的.
The basic idea of the conventional converted wave static correction is from the kinematic characteristics of seismic waves,which is based on the surface consistency assumption.In areas of complex surface conditions and big surface elevation differences,it is not only unable to solve the serious problem of static correction,but also to bring a new distortion.The method presented in this paper uses wave field continuation to complete the converted wave static correction,which is based on the frequency-wave number wave equation migration principle.The key point is the relationship between the time-space domain and frequency-wave number.For this problem,firstly,we transform the undulating surface into a horizontal surface under the new coordinate system,which moves the shot and receiver to the same level.Next we derive the wave equation and formula for wave field continuation under the new coordinate system,then continue the down going wave P and the up going converted wave SV up to the datum plane using the near-surface velocity,which can restore the real wave field between the undulating surface and datum plane.At last,we convert it to the original coordinate system to get the P-SV static correction seismic data on the datum plane and complete the converted wave static correction.The results of the processed model and real seismic data prove that this method is correct and effective.
The basic idea of the conventional converted wave static correction is from the kinematic characteristics of seismic waves,which is based on the surface consistency assumption.In areas of complex surface conditions and big surface elevation differences,it is not only unable to solve the serious problem of static correction,but also to bring a new distortion.The method presented in this paper uses wave field continuation to complete the converted wave static correction,which is based on the frequency-wave number wave equation migration principle.The key point is the relationship between the time-space domain and frequency-wave number.For this problem,firstly,we transform the undulating surface into a horizontal surface under the new coordinate system,which moves the shot and receiver to the same level.Next we derive the wave equation and formula for wave field continuation under the new coordinate system,then continue the down going wave P and the up going converted wave SV up to the datum plane using the near-surface velocity,which can restore the real wave field between the undulating surface and datum plane.At last,we convert it to the original coordinate system to get the P-SV static correction seismic data on the datum plane and complete the converted wave static correction.The results of the processed model and real seismic data prove that this method is correct and effective.
引文
[1]何樵登.地震勘探原理和方法.北京:地质出版社,1986.He Q D.The Principles and Methods of the SeismicExploration.Beijing:Geological Publishing House(in Chinese),1986.
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[3]Luynn H,Stewart R R,Garotta R,et al.4C-in the future-aword from the“gurus”.The Leading Edge,2001,20(9):978.
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[5]程冰洁,徐天吉.转换波方位各向异性裂缝检测技术研究及应用.地球物理学进展,2012,27(2):575-581.Cheng B J,Xu T J.Research and application of fracturedetection technique using azimuthal anisotropy of C-wave.Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,27(2):575-581.
[6]杨晓,王真理,喻岳钰.裂缝型储层地震检测方法综述.地球物理学进展,2010,25(5):1785-1794.Yang X,Wang Z L,Yu Y Y.The overview of seismictechniques in prediction of fracture reservoir.Progress inGeophys.(in Chinese),2010,25(5):1785-1794.
[7]单刚义,韩立国,张丽华等.转换波在储层预测中的研究分析.地球物理学进展,2010,25(1):282-287.Shang G Y,Han L G,Zhang L H,et al.Research andanalysis of converted wave in reservoir prediction.Progressin Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,25(1):282-287.
[8]刘保金,赵成彬,酆少英等.应用三分量浅层地震反射方法探测隐伏活动断裂.地球物理学报,2012,55(8):2676-2686.Liu B J,Zhao C B,Feng S Y,et al.Application of the three-component shallow seismic reflection method to probingburied active faults.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,55(8):2676-2686.
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[11]Tatham R H,McCormack M D,Neitzel E B,et al.Multicomponent Seismology in Petroleum Exploration.Tulsa:Soc.Expl.Geophys.,1991.
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[17]Li Y P.A new method for converted wave statics correction.72nd Annual International Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstract,2002:979-981.
[18]Hall D.Converted waves in refraction surveys over markerswith variable depth.Geophysics,1964,29(5):733-744.
[19]Liu Y,Wei X C.Propagation characteristics of convertedrefracted wave and its application in static correction ofconverted wave.Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2008,51(S2):226-232.
[20]李彦鹏,马在田,孙鹏远等.厚风化层覆盖区转换波静校正方法.地球物理学报,2012,55(2):614-621.Li Y P,Ma Z T,Sun P Y,et al.Converted-wave staticcorrection method for thick weathering area.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,55(2):614-621.
[21]Dan K,John S,Zvi K,et al.Velocity and interface depthdetermination by tomography of depth migrated gathers.Geophysics,1996,61(5):1511-1523.
[22]Bengt F.The pseudospectral method:Accurate representation ofinterfaces in elastic wave calculations.Geophysics,1998,53(5):625-637.
[23]Berryhill J R.Wave-equation datuming.Geophysics,1979,44(8):1329-1344.
[24]Reshef M.Depth migration from irregular surfaces with depthextrapolation methods.Geophysics,1991,56(1):119-122.
[25]Bevc D.Flooding the topography:Wave-equation datumingof land data with rugged acquisition topography.Geophysics,1997,62(5):1558-1569.
[26]王祥春,刘学伟.变换坐标系下相移法起伏地表地震波场延拓.地球物理学进展,2005,20(3):677-680.Wang X C,Liu X W.Downward continuing the seismicrecord of topography using coordination transformated method.Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,20(3):677-680.
[27]杨锴,王华忠,程玖兵等.非水平观测面有限差分法叠前波动方程基准面校正.石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(2):154-162.Yang K,Wang H Z,Cheng J B,et al.Prestack waveequation datum correction from non-flat surface with finite-difference scheme.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2002,37(2):154-162.
[28]杨锴,程玖兵,刘玉柱等.三维波动方程基准面校正方法的应用研究.地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1232-1240.Yang K,Cheng J B,Liu Y Z,et al.A study on theapplication of the 3-D wave-equation-datuming.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(4):1232-1240.
[29]李录明,罗省贤.三维波场延拓复杂表层模型校正方法及应用.地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1027-1034.Li L M,Luo S X.The Method and application of 3D wavefield continuation correction based on complicated surfacelayer model.Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,20(4):1027-1034.
[30]卢回忆,符力耘,蒋韬.快速Fourier变换波动方程基准面校正方法研究.地球物理学进展,2010,25(4):1313-1322.Lu H Y,Fu L Y,Jiang T.Wave-equation datuming based onfast fourier transform.Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,25(4):1313-1322.
[31]王红落,陈中州,常旭.波动方程基准面延拓研究进展.地球物理学进展,2004,19(2):230-234.Wang H L,Cheng Z Z,Chang X.The recent progress inwave-equation datuming.Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,19(2):230-234.
[32]陈树文,刘洪.可用于复杂地质体的波动方程基准面技术.地球物理学进展,2002,17(3):365-369.Cheng S W,Liu H.The usability of the wave-equationdatuming for complicated geological body.Progress inGeophys.(in Chinese),2002,17(3):365-369.
[33]王建民,刘财,杨宝俊等.地质雷达技术在巴彦查干地区地震勘探中的应用.地球物理学进展,2002,17(4):745-752.Wang J M,Liu C,Yang B J,et al.The application of groundpenetrating radar for seismic exploration in Bayanchaganarea.Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2002,17(4):745-752.
[34]李翔.基于复杂地表波场延拓的静校正方法研究[硕士论文].长春:吉林大学,2009.Li X.Static correction based on wavefield continuation incomplex area[Master′s thesis](in Chinese).Changchun:Jilin University,2009.
[35]Li G F,Peng S P.Static corrections for low S/N ratioconverted-wave seismic data.Applied Geophysics,2008,5(1):44-49.
[36]崔杰,韩立国,廉玉广等.高分辨率P-SV波速度分析.地球物理学进展,2009,24(6):2036-2043.Cui J,Han L G,Lian Y G,et al.High resolution velocityanalysis of P-SV wave.Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,24(6):2036-2043.
[37]冯晅,刘财,郭继茹等.多层倾斜层状介质P-SV转换波转换点计算的最佳角度搜索法.地球物理学报,2011,54(2):320-328.Feng X,Liu C,Guo J R,et al.Estimation of P-SVconversion point by searching optimal angle in a dipping orhorizontal layered medium.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(2):320-328.
[38]冯晅,舒梦珵,王兆国等.P-P波和P-SV波联合AVO反演研究.地球物理学进展,2008,23(5):1556-1559.Feng X,Shu M C,Wang Z G,et al.Joint AVO inversionusing P-P and P-SV seismic data.Progress in Geophys.(inChinese),2008,23(5):1556-1559.
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[2]黄绪德,杨文霞.转换波地震勘探.北京:石油工业出版社,2008.Huang X D,Yang W X.The Converted Wave SeismicExploration.Beijing:The Petroleum Industry Press(inChinese),2008.
[3]Luynn H,Stewart R R,Garotta R,et al.4C-in the future-aword from the“gurus”.The Leading Edge,2001,20(9):978.
[4]Stewart R R,Gaiser J E,Brown R J,et al.Converted-waveseismic exploration:applications.Geophysics,2003,68(1):40-57.
[5]程冰洁,徐天吉.转换波方位各向异性裂缝检测技术研究及应用.地球物理学进展,2012,27(2):575-581.Cheng B J,Xu T J.Research and application of fracturedetection technique using azimuthal anisotropy of C-wave.Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,27(2):575-581.
[6]杨晓,王真理,喻岳钰.裂缝型储层地震检测方法综述.地球物理学进展,2010,25(5):1785-1794.Yang X,Wang Z L,Yu Y Y.The overview of seismictechniques in prediction of fracture reservoir.Progress inGeophys.(in Chinese),2010,25(5):1785-1794.
[7]单刚义,韩立国,张丽华等.转换波在储层预测中的研究分析.地球物理学进展,2010,25(1):282-287.Shang G Y,Han L G,Zhang L H,et al.Research andanalysis of converted wave in reservoir prediction.Progressin Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,25(1):282-287.
[8]刘保金,赵成彬,酆少英等.应用三分量浅层地震反射方法探测隐伏活动断裂.地球物理学报,2012,55(8):2676-2686.Liu B J,Zhao C B,Feng S Y,et al.Application of the three-component shallow seismic reflection method to probingburied active faults.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,55(8):2676-2686.
[9]付雷,刘财,王建民等.大庆地区P-SV波地震资料处理技术.地球物理学进展,2004,19(2):414-419.Fu L,Liu C,Wang J M,et al.Seismic processing of P-SVwave in Daqing area.Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,19(2):414-419.
[10]耿丽娟.新疆哈密戈壁滩区煤层三维地震勘探实践.地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):393-398.Geng L J.3Dseismic wave survey for coal layer in Hamidesert area of Xinjiang.Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,20(2):393-398.
[11]Tatham R H,McCormack M D,Neitzel E B,et al.Multicomponent Seismology in Petroleum Exploration.Tulsa:Soc.Expl.Geophys.,1991.
[12]Cary P W,Eaton D W S.A simple method for resolving largeconverted-wave(P-SV)static.Geophysics,1993,58(3):429-433.
[13]郭桂红,王德利,何樵登等.转换波的静校正.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2003,33(4):542-544,554.Guo G H,Wang D L,He Q D,et al.Statics of convertedwave.The Journal of Jilin University(Earth SciencesEdition)(in Chinese),2003,33(4):542-544,554.
[14]潘树林.P-SV转换波静校正方法研究[博士论文].成都:成都理工大学,2008.Pan S L.The research for P-SV converted-wave staticcorrection[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Chengdu:ChengduUniversity of Technology,2008.
[15]潘树林,高磊,吴波等.初至叠加法在宣汉地区转换波静校正中的应用.地球物理学进展,2010,25(3):932-938.Pal S L,Gao L,Wu B,et al.Application on thesuperposition method of the first arrival in P-SV staticcorrection in the Xuanhan area.ProgressinGeophys.(inChinese),2010,25(3):932-938.
[16]Schafer A W.The determination of converted-wave staticsusing P refractions together with SV refractions.CREWSResearch Report,1991,13:51-66.
[17]Li Y P.A new method for converted wave statics correction.72nd Annual International Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstract,2002:979-981.
[18]Hall D.Converted waves in refraction surveys over markerswith variable depth.Geophysics,1964,29(5):733-744.
[19]Liu Y,Wei X C.Propagation characteristics of convertedrefracted wave and its application in static correction ofconverted wave.Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2008,51(S2):226-232.
[20]李彦鹏,马在田,孙鹏远等.厚风化层覆盖区转换波静校正方法.地球物理学报,2012,55(2):614-621.Li Y P,Ma Z T,Sun P Y,et al.Converted-wave staticcorrection method for thick weathering area.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,55(2):614-621.
[21]Dan K,John S,Zvi K,et al.Velocity and interface depthdetermination by tomography of depth migrated gathers.Geophysics,1996,61(5):1511-1523.
[22]Bengt F.The pseudospectral method:Accurate representation ofinterfaces in elastic wave calculations.Geophysics,1998,53(5):625-637.
[23]Berryhill J R.Wave-equation datuming.Geophysics,1979,44(8):1329-1344.
[24]Reshef M.Depth migration from irregular surfaces with depthextrapolation methods.Geophysics,1991,56(1):119-122.
[25]Bevc D.Flooding the topography:Wave-equation datumingof land data with rugged acquisition topography.Geophysics,1997,62(5):1558-1569.
[26]王祥春,刘学伟.变换坐标系下相移法起伏地表地震波场延拓.地球物理学进展,2005,20(3):677-680.Wang X C,Liu X W.Downward continuing the seismicrecord of topography using coordination transformated method.Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,20(3):677-680.
[27]杨锴,王华忠,程玖兵等.非水平观测面有限差分法叠前波动方程基准面校正.石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(2):154-162.Yang K,Wang H Z,Cheng J B,et al.Prestack waveequation datum correction from non-flat surface with finite-difference scheme.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2002,37(2):154-162.
[28]杨锴,程玖兵,刘玉柱等.三维波动方程基准面校正方法的应用研究.地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1232-1240.Yang K,Cheng J B,Liu Y Z,et al.A study on theapplication of the 3-D wave-equation-datuming.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(4):1232-1240.
[29]李录明,罗省贤.三维波场延拓复杂表层模型校正方法及应用.地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1027-1034.Li L M,Luo S X.The Method and application of 3D wavefield continuation correction based on complicated surfacelayer model.Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,20(4):1027-1034.
[30]卢回忆,符力耘,蒋韬.快速Fourier变换波动方程基准面校正方法研究.地球物理学进展,2010,25(4):1313-1322.Lu H Y,Fu L Y,Jiang T.Wave-equation datuming based onfast fourier transform.Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,25(4):1313-1322.
[31]王红落,陈中州,常旭.波动方程基准面延拓研究进展.地球物理学进展,2004,19(2):230-234.Wang H L,Cheng Z Z,Chang X.The recent progress inwave-equation datuming.Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,19(2):230-234.
[32]陈树文,刘洪.可用于复杂地质体的波动方程基准面技术.地球物理学进展,2002,17(3):365-369.Cheng S W,Liu H.The usability of the wave-equationdatuming for complicated geological body.Progress inGeophys.(in Chinese),2002,17(3):365-369.
[33]王建民,刘财,杨宝俊等.地质雷达技术在巴彦查干地区地震勘探中的应用.地球物理学进展,2002,17(4):745-752.Wang J M,Liu C,Yang B J,et al.The application of groundpenetrating radar for seismic exploration in Bayanchaganarea.Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2002,17(4):745-752.
[34]李翔.基于复杂地表波场延拓的静校正方法研究[硕士论文].长春:吉林大学,2009.Li X.Static correction based on wavefield continuation incomplex area[Master′s thesis](in Chinese).Changchun:Jilin University,2009.
[35]Li G F,Peng S P.Static corrections for low S/N ratioconverted-wave seismic data.Applied Geophysics,2008,5(1):44-49.
[36]崔杰,韩立国,廉玉广等.高分辨率P-SV波速度分析.地球物理学进展,2009,24(6):2036-2043.Cui J,Han L G,Lian Y G,et al.High resolution velocityanalysis of P-SV wave.Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,24(6):2036-2043.
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