叠前深度偏移在复杂构造成像研究中的应用——以川东三岔坪高陡构造为例
|
摘要
四川盆地东部三岔坪高陡构造由于经历复杂构造运动,地表出露岩性变化大,激发接收条件差,造成地震资料信噪比低,成像效果较差。针对以上问题,将叠前深度偏移方法应用于该复杂构造成像研究。在叠前常规处理和叠前时间偏移的基础上,利用已有测井、地质等资料,建立实体模型,并通过区域层速度填充该实体模型,从而建立起了高精度的速度模型;得到的叠前深度偏移结果,其剖面断点更清晰,绕射归位合理,信噪比较高,构造形态清楚,成像效果较好;进一步与某实钻井位数据进行比对,误差较小,说明处理结果真实可靠。结论认为:当速度存在剧烈的横向变化、速度分界面非水平层状时,只有叠前深度偏移能够实现共反射点的叠加和绕射点的归位,使地震资料正确成像;在叠前深度偏移过程中,建立高精度的速度模型非常关键。
The signal-to-noise ratio is low and the imaging quality is low in the Sanchaping structure of the eastern Sichuan Basin due to the complexity of tectonic movements,large variations of lithologies in outcrops and poor conditions of shooting and receiving.To solve these problems,the prestack depth migration technique was applied to study the imaging of this complex structure.Based on conventional prestack seismic processing and prestack time migration,the logging and geologic data were used to establish a solid model.Regional interval velocities were filled into the solid model to establish a high-resolution velocity model.The prestack depth migration results obtained are characterized by clear breakpoint on profile,rational migration of diffracted waves,high signal-to-noise ratio,well-defined structure geometry,and high imaging quality.A comparative analysis with the drilled well data reveals that the processing results are low in error,thus reliable.The following conclusions were drawn.When lateral variation of velocity is strong and the velocity interface is not a horizontal layer,only the prestack depth migration can realize common reflection point stack and the regression of diffraction points,thus correct the imaging of the subsurface structure.It is critical to establish a high-resolution velocity model in prestack depth migration.
The signal-to-noise ratio is low and the imaging quality is low in the Sanchaping structure of the eastern Sichuan Basin due to the complexity of tectonic movements,large variations of lithologies in outcrops and poor conditions of shooting and receiving.To solve these problems,the prestack depth migration technique was applied to study the imaging of this complex structure.Based on conventional prestack seismic processing and prestack time migration,the logging and geologic data were used to establish a solid model.Regional interval velocities were filled into the solid model to establish a high-resolution velocity model.The prestack depth migration results obtained are characterized by clear breakpoint on profile,rational migration of diffracted waves,high signal-to-noise ratio,well-defined structure geometry,and high imaging quality.A comparative analysis with the drilled well data reveals that the processing results are low in error,thus reliable.The following conclusions were drawn.When lateral variation of velocity is strong and the velocity interface is not a horizontal layer,only the prestack depth migration can realize common reflection point stack and the regression of diffraction points,thus correct the imaging of the subsurface structure.It is critical to establish a high-resolution velocity model in prestack depth migration.
引文
[1]马在田.地震成像技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1989.MA Zaitian.Seismic image technology[M].Beijing:Petrole-um Industry Press,1989.
[2]王焕弟.地震资料叠前偏移成像——方法、原理和分析[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002.WANG Huandi.Seismic prestack migration imaging-method,principle and analysis[M].Beijing:Petroleum In-dustry Press,2002.
[3]刘素芹,何旭莉,何潮观,等.叠前深度偏移及应用研究[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2009,31(4):35-37.LIU Suqin,HE Xuli,HE Chaoguan.Study on prestack depth migration and the application[J].Journal of South-west Petroleum University:Science&Technology Edition,2009,31(4):35-37.
[4]王喜双,梁奇,徐凌,等.叠前深度偏移技术应用与进展[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(6):11-15.WANG Xishuang,LIANG Qi,XU Ling,et al.Application and progress of prestack depth migration technology[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(6):11-15.
[5]程玖兵,刘玉柱,马在田,等.山前带地震数据的波动方程叠前深度偏移方法[J].天然气工业,2007,27(2):38-39.CHENG Jiubing,LIU Yuzhu,MA Zaitian,et al.Wave e-quation prestack depth migration of foothills seismic data[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(2):38-39.
[6]JIN Shengwen,WU R S.Common offset pseudo-screen depth migration[C]∥SEG69 th Annual Meeting,October 31-November51999,Houston,Texas,USA.Tulsa:Soci-ety of Exploration Geophysicists,1999.
[7]JIN Shengwen,MOSGER C C.3-D prestack wave equation common offset pseudo-screen depth migration[C]∥SEG 70 th Annual Meeting,2000,Alberta,Canada.Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2000.
[8]LE ROUSSEAU J H,DE HOOP M V.Modeling and ima-ging with the scalar generalized-screen algorithms in iso-tropic media[J].Geophysics,2001,66(5):1551-1568.
[9]SCHNEIDER W A.Integral formulation for migration in two and three dimensions[J].Geophysics,1978,43(1):49-76.
[10]KEHOT H,BEYDOUN W B.Paraxial ray Kirchhoff mi-gration[J].Geophysics,1988,53(12):1540-1546.
[11]张建伟,强芳青,贺振华,等.三维叠前深度偏移在复杂断裂区的应用[J].天然气工业,2004,24(3):52-54.ZHANG Jianwei,QIANG Fangqing,HE Zhenhua,et al.Application of3Dprestack depth migration in complicated fault areas[J].Natural Gas Industry,2004,24(3):52-54.
[12]帕尔哈提,钱根宝,蒋在超,等.准噶尔盆地南缘油气勘探中的关键地震技术[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2009,31(5):31-36.PAERHATI,QIAN Genbao,JIANG Zaichao,et al.Key seismic technology on oil-gas exploration in southern mar-gin of Junggar Basin[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science&Technology Edition,2009,31(5):31-36.
[13]蔡正旗,蔡矿,徐志明.川东三岔坪潜伏构造石炭系储层特征及有利区预测[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(6):715-718.CAI Zhengqi,CAI Kuang,XU Zhiming.Carboniferous res-ervoir characteristics in Sanchaping buried structure in the east of Sichuan and prediction for favourable exploration area[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2005,16(6):715-718.
[14]张庆龙,卢华复,何建坤.大巴山前缘含油气构造条件[J].天然气工业,1995,15(4):5-8.Zhang Qinglong,Lu Huafu,He Jiankun.Oil-bearing struc-ture environment in the frontal Dabashan[J].Natural Gas Industry,1995,15(4):5-8.
[15]胡明,陈蓉,陈华生,等.南大巴山造山带构造特征及油气勘探方向[J].天然气工业,2008,28(11):26-28.HU Ming,CHEN Rong,CHEN Huasheng,et al.The tec-tonic feature and oil&gas exploring field in the orogenic zone of south Dabashan Moutain[J].Natural Gas Indus-try,2008,28(11):26-28.
[16]韩应钧,丁玉兰.大巴山南缘中岗岭—黑楼门剪切断裂带识别及其勘探实践中的意义[J].天然气工业,2002,22(增刊1):40-44.HAN Yingjun,DING Yulan.Identification of Zhonggangling-Heiloumen shear fault zone along the southern margin of Daba Mountains and its significance in exploration practice[J].Nat-ural Gas Industry,2002,22(S1):40-44.
[2]王焕弟.地震资料叠前偏移成像——方法、原理和分析[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002.WANG Huandi.Seismic prestack migration imaging-method,principle and analysis[M].Beijing:Petroleum In-dustry Press,2002.
[3]刘素芹,何旭莉,何潮观,等.叠前深度偏移及应用研究[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2009,31(4):35-37.LIU Suqin,HE Xuli,HE Chaoguan.Study on prestack depth migration and the application[J].Journal of South-west Petroleum University:Science&Technology Edition,2009,31(4):35-37.
[4]王喜双,梁奇,徐凌,等.叠前深度偏移技术应用与进展[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(6):11-15.WANG Xishuang,LIANG Qi,XU Ling,et al.Application and progress of prestack depth migration technology[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(6):11-15.
[5]程玖兵,刘玉柱,马在田,等.山前带地震数据的波动方程叠前深度偏移方法[J].天然气工业,2007,27(2):38-39.CHENG Jiubing,LIU Yuzhu,MA Zaitian,et al.Wave e-quation prestack depth migration of foothills seismic data[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(2):38-39.
[6]JIN Shengwen,WU R S.Common offset pseudo-screen depth migration[C]∥SEG69 th Annual Meeting,October 31-November51999,Houston,Texas,USA.Tulsa:Soci-ety of Exploration Geophysicists,1999.
[7]JIN Shengwen,MOSGER C C.3-D prestack wave equation common offset pseudo-screen depth migration[C]∥SEG 70 th Annual Meeting,2000,Alberta,Canada.Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2000.
[8]LE ROUSSEAU J H,DE HOOP M V.Modeling and ima-ging with the scalar generalized-screen algorithms in iso-tropic media[J].Geophysics,2001,66(5):1551-1568.
[9]SCHNEIDER W A.Integral formulation for migration in two and three dimensions[J].Geophysics,1978,43(1):49-76.
[10]KEHOT H,BEYDOUN W B.Paraxial ray Kirchhoff mi-gration[J].Geophysics,1988,53(12):1540-1546.
[11]张建伟,强芳青,贺振华,等.三维叠前深度偏移在复杂断裂区的应用[J].天然气工业,2004,24(3):52-54.ZHANG Jianwei,QIANG Fangqing,HE Zhenhua,et al.Application of3Dprestack depth migration in complicated fault areas[J].Natural Gas Industry,2004,24(3):52-54.
[12]帕尔哈提,钱根宝,蒋在超,等.准噶尔盆地南缘油气勘探中的关键地震技术[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2009,31(5):31-36.PAERHATI,QIAN Genbao,JIANG Zaichao,et al.Key seismic technology on oil-gas exploration in southern mar-gin of Junggar Basin[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science&Technology Edition,2009,31(5):31-36.
[13]蔡正旗,蔡矿,徐志明.川东三岔坪潜伏构造石炭系储层特征及有利区预测[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(6):715-718.CAI Zhengqi,CAI Kuang,XU Zhiming.Carboniferous res-ervoir characteristics in Sanchaping buried structure in the east of Sichuan and prediction for favourable exploration area[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2005,16(6):715-718.
[14]张庆龙,卢华复,何建坤.大巴山前缘含油气构造条件[J].天然气工业,1995,15(4):5-8.Zhang Qinglong,Lu Huafu,He Jiankun.Oil-bearing struc-ture environment in the frontal Dabashan[J].Natural Gas Industry,1995,15(4):5-8.
[15]胡明,陈蓉,陈华生,等.南大巴山造山带构造特征及油气勘探方向[J].天然气工业,2008,28(11):26-28.HU Ming,CHEN Rong,CHEN Huasheng,et al.The tec-tonic feature and oil&gas exploring field in the orogenic zone of south Dabashan Moutain[J].Natural Gas Indus-try,2008,28(11):26-28.
[16]韩应钧,丁玉兰.大巴山南缘中岗岭—黑楼门剪切断裂带识别及其勘探实践中的意义[J].天然气工业,2002,22(增刊1):40-44.HAN Yingjun,DING Yulan.Identification of Zhonggangling-Heiloumen shear fault zone along the southern margin of Daba Mountains and its significance in exploration practice[J].Nat-ural Gas Industry,2002,22(S1):40-44.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心