从一个野外试验看不同检波器的差异——以DSU3与20dx为例
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摘要
数字检波器是近年来发展起来的一种新型检波装置.为了对比数字检波器与普通模拟检波器的差别,我们选择数字检波器DSU3与模拟检波器20dx进行了一个针对性的野外试验.从试验结果上来看,二者主要存在四个方面的差异.通过分析差异的原因,我们认为模拟检波经过多年的应用,从理论认识到实践操作都非常成熟,但是存在容易受到电磁干扰、信号串音、漏电等现象;同时,即使经过‘类检波器反褶积’后,模拟检波器仍然难以补偿数据的‘极低频’部分;模拟检波器的灵敏度有待于进一步提高,以便降低电噪声在全部信号中所占的比例,提高信噪比;数字检波器确实在电学指标方面取得了一些进步,尤其在灵敏度、线性畸变、线性频带范围、适量保真度等方面;但是,数字检波器在耦合效应,一致性、稳定性或者抗干扰能力均存在一些问题.同时,在石油勘探中‘强噪音’以及‘多次覆盖’的双重背景下,受当前处理能力的限制,检波器电学性能方面的‘极高指标’,并不能保证地震数据的‘极高质量’.我们的研究表明:使检波器更小、更轻、更好耦合的努力与电学指标的改进具有同等重要的意义;具有良好的电学性能,更好的耦合参数,稳定性好,耐用,价格合理的检波器是我们追求的目标.
The MEMS accelerometer is a kind of newly introduced device of receiving waves in seismic survey in the past decade.We conducted a field test to determine the differences between the analog geophone and the MEMS accelerometer.Four main differences have been showed by the test results.By tracking the reasons for these differences,we confirmed that MEMS accelerometer,DSU3 as an example,indeed have made some improvements,especially on the electric performances,such as linear frequency band,distortion,sensitivity,vector fidelity,etc.However there are also some shortcomings with DSU3,such as bad coupling ability,inconsistency and vulnerable to EM interference.Only when the above issues were covered,DSU3 could make a systemic success.The analog geophone has been used for many years and is a reliable device both theoretically and practically,however it is easily to be influenced by EM interferences.At the same time the geophone cannot deal with the ultra-low-frequency component of the ground's vibration,even after being compensated by deconvolution indoors.Generally speaking,the attempt to achieve a better coupling ability of a sensor,including being lighter in mass,smaller in size,and more suitable with regard to shape and material for spiking etc,has equal importance to the pursuit of higher electric performance on the road to enhance the seismic data quality.The sensor,which has outstanding electric performance,good coupling effect,stability,long lasting and economical to use etc,is our target.
The MEMS accelerometer is a kind of newly introduced device of receiving waves in seismic survey in the past decade.We conducted a field test to determine the differences between the analog geophone and the MEMS accelerometer.Four main differences have been showed by the test results.By tracking the reasons for these differences,we confirmed that MEMS accelerometer,DSU3 as an example,indeed have made some improvements,especially on the electric performances,such as linear frequency band,distortion,sensitivity,vector fidelity,etc.However there are also some shortcomings with DSU3,such as bad coupling ability,inconsistency and vulnerable to EM interference.Only when the above issues were covered,DSU3 could make a systemic success.The analog geophone has been used for many years and is a reliable device both theoretically and practically,however it is easily to be influenced by EM interferences.At the same time the geophone cannot deal with the ultra-low-frequency component of the ground's vibration,even after being compensated by deconvolution indoors.Generally speaking,the attempt to achieve a better coupling ability of a sensor,including being lighter in mass,smaller in size,and more suitable with regard to shape and material for spiking etc,has equal importance to the pursuit of higher electric performance on the road to enhance the seismic data quality.The sensor,which has outstanding electric performance,good coupling effect,stability,long lasting and economical to use etc,is our target.
引文
[1]王梅生.数字检波器的应用及效果[J].物探装备,2007,17(4):235-240.Wang M S.Application and effect of digital geophone[J].Equipment for Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2007,17(4):235-240.
[2]王喜双,董世泰,王梅生.全数字地震勘探技术应用效果及展望[J].中国石油勘探,2007,12(6):32-36,76.Wang X S,Dong S T,Wang M S.Application and prospect offull digital seismic exploration technology[J].China PetroleumExploration(in Chinese),2007,12(6):32-36,76.
[3]王增明.地震采集中检波器自然频率的试验分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(3):308-316.Wang Z M.Test and analysis of geophone’s free frequency inseismic acquisition[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(inChinese),2003,38(3):308-316.
[4]刘光林,刘泰生,高中录.地震检波器的发展方向[J].勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(3):178-185.Liu G L,Liu T S,Gao Z L.On the development trend ofseismic geophones[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics(inChinese),2003,26(3):178-185.
[5]王雪秋,孙建国.高保真地震数据采集的问题探讨[J].吉林地质,2002,21(1-2):104-109.Wang X Q,Sun J G.Discussion on high fidelity of seismicdata acquisition system[J].Jilin Geology(in Chinese),2002,21(1-2):104-109.
[6]李建良,李淑清.光栅数字检波器的原理及其信号处理方法的研究[J].物探装备,2007,17(1):28-31.Li J L,Li S Q.Research on principle and signal processingapproaches of grating digital geophone[J].Equipment forGeophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2007,17(1):28-31.
[7]丹.穆吉诺,刘俊杰.加速度数字检波器加速中国多波地震勘探的进程[J].天然气工业,2007,(S1):10-12.Dan M J,Liu J J.Acceleration digital sensor speed up theprocess of multi-wave seismic exploration in China[J].NatureGas Industry(in Chinese),2007,(S1):10-12.
[8]曹务祥.模拟和数字检波器的资料响应特征对比分析[J].勘探物理地球进展,2007,30(2):96-99.Cao W X.Comparing analysis between data from analoggeophone and DSU[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,30(2):96-99.
[9]李继东,刘彬辉,赵新国,等.三分量数字检波器在东濮凹陷的采集效果分析[J].石油物探,2006,45(6):651-655.Li J D,Liu B H,Zhao X G,et al.Acquisition effect analysisof the 3Cdigital geophone used in depression[J].GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2006,45(6):651-655.
[10]吴树奎,赵明非,沈万杰,等.数字检波器三分量地震勘探技术的应用[J].石油物探,2004,43(6):602-604.Wu S K,Zhao M F,Shen W J,et al.The seismic technologyof 3-component digital geophone[J].Geophysical Prospectingfor Petroleum(in Chinese),2004,43(6):602-604.
[11]张丙和,崔樵,裴云广.新型三分量数字检波器DSU3[J].石油仪器,2005,19(4):39-40.Zhang B H,Cui Q,Pei Y G.New three-componentgeophone-DSU3[J].Petroleum Instruments(in Chinese),2005,19(4):39-40.
[12]唐东林,梁政,陈浩.用于地震勘探的新型高精度地震检波器研究[J].振动与冲击,2008,27(2):162-165.Tang D L,Liang Z,Chen H.A novel geophone with highaccuracy[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock(in Chinese),2008,27(2):162-165.
[13]黄中玉,谈大龙,徐亦鸣.三分量数字检波器在ZY油田应用效果分析[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):173-178.Huang Z Y,Dan D L,Xu Y M.Application analysis ofthree-component digital sensor in ZY oil field[J].Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(1):173-178.
[14]马超,乔学光,贾振安,等.光纤布拉格光栅地震检波器的研究与应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):622-626.Ma C,Qiao X G,Jia Z A,et al.Research and application offiber Bragg grating geophone[J].Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2008,23(2):622-626.
[15]刘兆琦.涡流地震检波器的特性及测试方法的研究[J].地球物理学报,1989,32(5):559-568.Liu Z Q.Research on the characteristics and test method ofan eddy geophone[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica(ChineseJournal of Geophysics)(in Chinese),1989,32(5):559-568.
[16]林宝阳.地震检波器的横向灵敏度特性[J].地球物理学报,1990,33(2):227-233.Lin B Y.Characteristic of the geophone transverse sensitivity[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica(Chinese Journal of Geophysics)(in Chinese),1990,33(2):227-233.
[17]马恩泽.地震勘探組合法对传播方向随机改变干扰的压制作用[J].地球物理学报,1963,12(1):58-74.Ma E Ts.A study of multiple seismometer theory in thepresence of microseisms[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica(ChineseJournal of Geophysics)(in Chinese),1963,12(1):58-74.
[18]泰馨菱,曾融生,宫维枢.振动枱原理和地震检波器的试验[J].地球物理学报,1957,6(1):15-34.Chin H L,Tseng J S,Kung W S.The principles of shakingtables and the testing of a seismic geophone[J].ActaGeophysica Sinica(Chinese Journal of Geophysics)(inChinese),1957,6(1):15-34.
[19]张永刚,王赟,王妙月.目前多分量地震勘探中的几个关键问题[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(1):151-155.Zhang Y G,Wang Y,Wang M Y.Some key problems in themulti-component seismic exploration[J].Chinese Journal ofGeophysics(in Chinese),2004,47(1):151-155.
[2]王喜双,董世泰,王梅生.全数字地震勘探技术应用效果及展望[J].中国石油勘探,2007,12(6):32-36,76.Wang X S,Dong S T,Wang M S.Application and prospect offull digital seismic exploration technology[J].China PetroleumExploration(in Chinese),2007,12(6):32-36,76.
[3]王增明.地震采集中检波器自然频率的试验分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(3):308-316.Wang Z M.Test and analysis of geophone’s free frequency inseismic acquisition[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(inChinese),2003,38(3):308-316.
[4]刘光林,刘泰生,高中录.地震检波器的发展方向[J].勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(3):178-185.Liu G L,Liu T S,Gao Z L.On the development trend ofseismic geophones[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics(inChinese),2003,26(3):178-185.
[5]王雪秋,孙建国.高保真地震数据采集的问题探讨[J].吉林地质,2002,21(1-2):104-109.Wang X Q,Sun J G.Discussion on high fidelity of seismicdata acquisition system[J].Jilin Geology(in Chinese),2002,21(1-2):104-109.
[6]李建良,李淑清.光栅数字检波器的原理及其信号处理方法的研究[J].物探装备,2007,17(1):28-31.Li J L,Li S Q.Research on principle and signal processingapproaches of grating digital geophone[J].Equipment forGeophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2007,17(1):28-31.
[7]丹.穆吉诺,刘俊杰.加速度数字检波器加速中国多波地震勘探的进程[J].天然气工业,2007,(S1):10-12.Dan M J,Liu J J.Acceleration digital sensor speed up theprocess of multi-wave seismic exploration in China[J].NatureGas Industry(in Chinese),2007,(S1):10-12.
[8]曹务祥.模拟和数字检波器的资料响应特征对比分析[J].勘探物理地球进展,2007,30(2):96-99.Cao W X.Comparing analysis between data from analoggeophone and DSU[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,30(2):96-99.
[9]李继东,刘彬辉,赵新国,等.三分量数字检波器在东濮凹陷的采集效果分析[J].石油物探,2006,45(6):651-655.Li J D,Liu B H,Zhao X G,et al.Acquisition effect analysisof the 3Cdigital geophone used in depression[J].GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2006,45(6):651-655.
[10]吴树奎,赵明非,沈万杰,等.数字检波器三分量地震勘探技术的应用[J].石油物探,2004,43(6):602-604.Wu S K,Zhao M F,Shen W J,et al.The seismic technologyof 3-component digital geophone[J].Geophysical Prospectingfor Petroleum(in Chinese),2004,43(6):602-604.
[11]张丙和,崔樵,裴云广.新型三分量数字检波器DSU3[J].石油仪器,2005,19(4):39-40.Zhang B H,Cui Q,Pei Y G.New three-componentgeophone-DSU3[J].Petroleum Instruments(in Chinese),2005,19(4):39-40.
[12]唐东林,梁政,陈浩.用于地震勘探的新型高精度地震检波器研究[J].振动与冲击,2008,27(2):162-165.Tang D L,Liang Z,Chen H.A novel geophone with highaccuracy[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock(in Chinese),2008,27(2):162-165.
[13]黄中玉,谈大龙,徐亦鸣.三分量数字检波器在ZY油田应用效果分析[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):173-178.Huang Z Y,Dan D L,Xu Y M.Application analysis ofthree-component digital sensor in ZY oil field[J].Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(1):173-178.
[14]马超,乔学光,贾振安,等.光纤布拉格光栅地震检波器的研究与应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):622-626.Ma C,Qiao X G,Jia Z A,et al.Research and application offiber Bragg grating geophone[J].Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2008,23(2):622-626.
[15]刘兆琦.涡流地震检波器的特性及测试方法的研究[J].地球物理学报,1989,32(5):559-568.Liu Z Q.Research on the characteristics and test method ofan eddy geophone[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica(ChineseJournal of Geophysics)(in Chinese),1989,32(5):559-568.
[16]林宝阳.地震检波器的横向灵敏度特性[J].地球物理学报,1990,33(2):227-233.Lin B Y.Characteristic of the geophone transverse sensitivity[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica(Chinese Journal of Geophysics)(in Chinese),1990,33(2):227-233.
[17]马恩泽.地震勘探組合法对传播方向随机改变干扰的压制作用[J].地球物理学报,1963,12(1):58-74.Ma E Ts.A study of multiple seismometer theory in thepresence of microseisms[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica(ChineseJournal of Geophysics)(in Chinese),1963,12(1):58-74.
[18]泰馨菱,曾融生,宫维枢.振动枱原理和地震检波器的试验[J].地球物理学报,1957,6(1):15-34.Chin H L,Tseng J S,Kung W S.The principles of shakingtables and the testing of a seismic geophone[J].ActaGeophysica Sinica(Chinese Journal of Geophysics)(inChinese),1957,6(1):15-34.
[19]张永刚,王赟,王妙月.目前多分量地震勘探中的几个关键问题[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(1):151-155.Zhang Y G,Wang Y,Wang M Y.Some key problems in themulti-component seismic exploration[J].Chinese Journal ofGeophysics(in Chinese),2004,47(1):151-155.
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