海上点源干扰噪声压制方法
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摘要
在海上地震资料采集过程中,海上平台、船只、崎岖海底障碍物或地形不连续等会引起能量较强的点源干扰,严重影响了地震成像的质量,是海上地震资料噪声压制处理的难点之一。在点源干扰产生机理分析和传播时距方程推导的基础上,研究了直线型和双曲型点源干扰压制方法。基于f-x域预测滤波的直线型点源干扰压制针对地震数据中的线性干扰进行分析与识别,通过拟合与相减较好地去除直线型点源干扰。双曲型点源干扰压制是根据点源干扰传播特征和相似性扫描预测干扰点源位置,以实际地震采集观测系统模拟来自预测点源的干扰波,并将模拟的点源干扰波和实际地震资料进行匹配相减处理,实现点源干扰压制。理论模型数据和实际地震资料处理试验结果表明,这两种方法能较好地压制直线型和双曲型点源干扰,并很好地保留有效反射信息及其频谱特征。
During marine seismic surveys for oil and gas,offshore platforms,shipping traffics,barriers on the sea floor and discontinuous topography can cause point source diffracted noises with strong energy.The diffracted noises seriously affect the seismic imaging,which is one of the difficulties in noise suppressing for marine seismic data processing.Based on the production mechanism and time-distance equation of the diffracted noise,we studied attenuation methods for linear and hyperbolic point source diffracted noises.The linear diffracted noise attenuation is conducted by predicted filtering in f-x domain by linear noise analysis,discrimination,fitting and subtraction.The hyperbolic diffracted noise is simulated on time-distance equation and point source positions predicted by similarity scanning,and matched modeling diffracted noise from the predicted point source with field data by matching filtering.Then it is subtracted from field data.We tested the methods on model data and field data.The results show that the new methods can attenuate point source diffracted noises effectively with good amplitude preservation.
During marine seismic surveys for oil and gas,offshore platforms,shipping traffics,barriers on the sea floor and discontinuous topography can cause point source diffracted noises with strong energy.The diffracted noises seriously affect the seismic imaging,which is one of the difficulties in noise suppressing for marine seismic data processing.Based on the production mechanism and time-distance equation of the diffracted noise,we studied attenuation methods for linear and hyperbolic point source diffracted noises.The linear diffracted noise attenuation is conducted by predicted filtering in f-x domain by linear noise analysis,discrimination,fitting and subtraction.The hyperbolic diffracted noise is simulated on time-distance equation and point source positions predicted by similarity scanning,and matched modeling diffracted noise from the predicted point source with field data by matching filtering.Then it is subtracted from field data.We tested the methods on model data and field data.The results show that the new methods can attenuate point source diffracted noises effectively with good amplitude preservation.
引文
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[10]Trad D,Ulrych T,Sacchi M.Latest views of thesparse Radon transform[J].Geophysics,2003,68(1):386-399
[11]Nuzzo L,Quarta T.Improvement in GPR coherentnoise attenuation usingτ-pand wavelet transforms[J].Geophysics,2004,69(3):789-802
[12]Deighan A J,Watts D R.Ground-roll suppression u-sing the wavelet transform[J].Geophysics,1997,62(6):1896-1903
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[14]Wang Y H.Multiple subtraction using an expandedmultichannel matching filter[J].Geophysics,2003,68(1):346-354
[15]李鹏,刘伊克,常旭,等.均衡拟多道配配滤波法在波动方程法压制多次波中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(6):1844-1853Li P,Liu Y K,Chang X,et al.Application of the e-quipoise pseudomultichannel matching filter in mul-tiple elimination using wave-equation method[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(6):1844-1853
[16]Liu H F,Chen X H,Song J W,et al.Multiple sub-traction method based on a non-causal matching fil-ter[J].Applied Geophysics,2011,8(1):27-35
[2]蔡希玲.声波和强能量干扰的分频自适应检测与压制方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(4):373-380Cai X L.An effective method to suppress acousticwave and high energy noise frequency-divisionallyand adpptively[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1999,34(4):373-380
[3]蔡希玲,熊定钰,熊罴.海上地震数据中侧面干扰波的特征与压制方法[J].中国海上油气,2005,17(2):202-205Cai X L,Xiong D Y,Xiong P.Scattered noise in ma-rine seismic data and its attenuation techniques[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2005,17(2):202-205
[4]唐晶,张保庆.海上资料干扰波压制技术研究与应用[J].中国石油学会东部地区第十三次物探技术研讨会论文集,2005,124-128Tang J,Zhang B Q.The interference wave suppres-sion technology research and application for marinedata[J].CPS East China 13rd Geophysical Prospec-ting Seminar,2005,124-128
[5]Landa E,Shtivelman V,Gelchinshy B.A method fordetection of diffracted waves on common-offset sec-tions[J].Geophysics Prospecting,1987,35(4):359-373
[6]Fookes G,Warner C,Borselen R V.Practical inter-ference noise elimination in modern marine data pro-cessing[J].Expanded Abstracts of 73rd Annual In-ternat SEG Mtg,1993,1905-1908
[7]Gulunay N,Magesan M,Connor J.Diffracted noiseattenuation in shallow water 3Dmarine surveys[J].Expanded Abstracts of 75th Annual Internat SEGMtg,2005,2138-2141
[8]林盛,吴峰,李衍达.叠前相干干扰滤除-倾斜滤波法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(3):390-398Lin S,Wu F,Li Y D.Prestack coherent noise elimi-nation:a slant filtering method[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting,1998,33(3):390-398
[9]甘其刚,彭大钧.叠前时空域线性干扰的衰减及应用[J].石油物探,2004,43(2):123-125Gan Q G,Peng D J.Elimination of linear interfer-ence in time-space domain and its application[J].Ge-ophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2004,43(2):123-125
[10]Trad D,Ulrych T,Sacchi M.Latest views of thesparse Radon transform[J].Geophysics,2003,68(1):386-399
[11]Nuzzo L,Quarta T.Improvement in GPR coherentnoise attenuation usingτ-pand wavelet transforms[J].Geophysics,2004,69(3):789-802
[12]Deighan A J,Watts D R.Ground-roll suppression u-sing the wavelet transform[J].Geophysics,1997,62(6):1896-1903
[13]Sven T.Principles of digital multichannel filtering[J].Geophysics,1970,35(5):785-811
[14]Wang Y H.Multiple subtraction using an expandedmultichannel matching filter[J].Geophysics,2003,68(1):346-354
[15]李鹏,刘伊克,常旭,等.均衡拟多道配配滤波法在波动方程法压制多次波中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(6):1844-1853Li P,Liu Y K,Chang X,et al.Application of the e-quipoise pseudomultichannel matching filter in mul-tiple elimination using wave-equation method[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(6):1844-1853
[16]Liu H F,Chen X H,Song J W,et al.Multiple sub-traction method based on a non-causal matching fil-ter[J].Applied Geophysics,2011,8(1):27-35
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