鄂尔多斯和塔里木地块运动与中国大陆强震关系探讨
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摘要
本文在综合分析地质、古地磁、GPS和地震活动资料的基础上,讨论了鄂尔多斯和塔里木地块的运动与中国大陆强震的关系。鄂尔多斯和塔里木地块同为中国大陆古老、完整、坚固的地块,内部结构简单。而两个地块周缘断陷带或挤压造山带较破碎,其内部结构较复杂。综合研究表明,鄂尔多斯地块的整体向东平移并叠加逆时针旋转的运动控制着周缘走滑断裂和地震活动;塔里木地块向北平移叠加的顺时针旋转及向周缘造山带的俯冲导致周缘断裂和强震的发生。尽管天山构造带为主要的地震带,但塔里木地块与天山造山带边界的MS≥6.0地震主要受塔里木地块运动的影响。像鄂尔多斯和塔里木这样传统意义上的稳定地块,实质上是边界强震的主要贡献者。鄂尔多斯和塔里木完整坚固地块的整体运动,对其周缘强震的发生起着关键作用。
On the basis of comprehensive analysis of geology,paleomagnetics,GPS data and seismicity,the relationship between the movement of Ordos and Tarim blocks and strong earthquakes in China continent was discussed.Both Ordos and Tarim blocks are old intact solid blocks with simple inner structure.Fault depression zones or orogens around the two blocks are fractural and the inner structures are complex.The results show that the whole movement to the east and anticlockwise rotation of the Ordos block control the strike-slip fault and earthquake occurrences and that the movement to the north,clockwise rotation and underthrusting under orogens of Tarim block result in faults and earthquake occurrences around the block.The MS6.0 earthquakes are mainly affected by the movement of the Tarim block,although Tianshan tectonic zone is a well-known seismic zone.The traditional stable blocks like Ordos and Tarim are truly intact solid active block,which is the main contributer to strong earthquakes on the border.The whole motion of the intact solid block plays a crucial role in strong earthquake occurrence around its border.
On the basis of comprehensive analysis of geology,paleomagnetics,GPS data and seismicity,the relationship between the movement of Ordos and Tarim blocks and strong earthquakes in China continent was discussed.Both Ordos and Tarim blocks are old intact solid blocks with simple inner structure.Fault depression zones or orogens around the two blocks are fractural and the inner structures are complex.The results show that the whole movement to the east and anticlockwise rotation of the Ordos block control the strike-slip fault and earthquake occurrences and that the movement to the north,clockwise rotation and underthrusting under orogens of Tarim block result in faults and earthquake occurrences around the block.The MS6.0 earthquakes are mainly affected by the movement of the Tarim block,although Tianshan tectonic zone is a well-known seismic zone.The traditional stable blocks like Ordos and Tarim are truly intact solid active block,which is the main contributer to strong earthquakes on the border.The whole motion of the intact solid block plays a crucial role in strong earthquake occurrence around its border.
引文
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[23]高锐,肖序常,高弘,等.西昆仑—塔里木—天山岩石圈深地震探测综述[J].地质通报,2002,21(1):11-18.
[24]Zhao J M,Mooney W D,Zhang X K,et al.Crustal structure across the Altyn Tagh Range at thenorthern margin of the Tibetan plateau and tectonic implications[J].Earth and Planetary ScienceLetters,2006,241:808-814.
[25]李松林,Mooney W D.伽师地震区地壳细结构及发震断层的初步研究[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(1):76-82.
[26]梅世蓉.地震前兆场物理模式与前兆时空分布机制研究(一)坚固体孕震模式的由来与证据[J].地震学报,1995,17(3):273-282.
[27]Zhang H J,Thurber C H,Shelly D,et al.High-resolution subducting-slab structure beneath north-ern Honshu,Japan,revealed by double-difference tomography[J].Geology,2004,32(4):361-364.
[2]马瑾.从断层中心论到块体中心论的转变[J].地学前缘,1999,6(4):363-369.
[3]张培震.中国大陆岩石圈最新构造变动与地震灾害[J].第四纪研究,1999,(5):404-413.
[4]张国民,张培震.“大陆强震机理与预测”中期学术进展[J].中国基础科学,2000,(10):4-10.
[5]张国民,张培震.大陆强震机理与预测研究综述[J].中国基础科学,2004,(3):9-16.
[6]刘明军,李松林,张先康,等.海原断裂带断层通道波观测与破碎带宽度[J].物探与化探,2004,28(6):549-552.
[7]Liu M J,Mooney W D,Li S L,et al.Crustal structure of the northeastern margin of the Tibetanplateau from the Songpan-Ganzi terrane to the Ordos basin[J].Tectonophysics,2006,420(1-2):253-266.
[8]刘明军,李松林,方盛明,等.利用地震波速研究青藏高原东北缘地壳组成及其动力学[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(2):412-430.
[9]邓起东,程绍平,闵伟,等.鄂尔多斯块体新生代构造活动和动力学的讨论[J].地质力学学报,1999,5(3):13-21.
[10]徐锡伟,程国良,马杏垣,等.华北及其邻区块地转动和动力来源[J].中国地质大学学报,1994,19(2):129-138.
[11]李万伦,卢演俦,丁国瑜.鄂尔多斯及其邻近块体相对运动的黄土古地磁证据[J].第四纪研究,2001,21(6):551-559.
[12]Zhang Y Q,Mercier J L,Vergely P.Extension in the graben systems around the Ordos(China),and its contribution to the extrusion tectonics of south China with respect to Gobi-Mongolia[J].Tec-tonophysics.1998,285(1-2):41-75.
[13]李延兴.中国大陆活动地块的运动与应变状态[J].中国科学(D辑),2003,33(增刊):65-81.
[14]Wang Q,Zhang P Z,Freymueller J T,et al.Present-day crustal deformation in continental Chinaconstrained by Global Positioning System measurements[J].Science,2001,249:574-577.
[15]王敏,沈正康,牛之俊,等.现今中国大陆地壳运动与活动块体模型[J].中国科学(D辑),2003,33(增刊):21-32.
[16]崔效锋,谢富仁,赵建涛.中国及邻区震源机制解的分区特征[J].地震地质,2005,27(2):298-307.
[17]张国民,汪素云,李丽,等.中国大陆地震震源深度及其构造含义[J].科学通报,2002,47(9):663-668.
[18]苏刚.将鄂尔多斯地块作为一独立单元参与中期地震趋势会商的建议[J].西北地震学报,2000,22(4):485-487.
[19]邓起东,冯先岳,李军,等.天山活动构造[M].北京:地震出版社,2000.
[20]Chen Y,Cogne J P,Courtillot V,et al.Paleomagnetic study of Mesozoic continental sediments a-long the Northern Tianshan(China)and heterogenous strain in central Asia[J].J Geophys Res,1990,96:4 065-4 082.
[21]Avouac J P,Tapponnier P,Bai P,et al.Active thrusting and folding along the northern Tianshan,and Late Cenozoic rotation of the Tarim relative to Dzhungaria and Kazakhstan[J].J Geophys Res,1993,98:6 755-6 840.
[22]赵俊猛.天山造山带与准噶尔盆地岩石圈结构及其动力学过程[D].北京:中国地震局地质研究所,1998.
[23]高锐,肖序常,高弘,等.西昆仑—塔里木—天山岩石圈深地震探测综述[J].地质通报,2002,21(1):11-18.
[24]Zhao J M,Mooney W D,Zhang X K,et al.Crustal structure across the Altyn Tagh Range at thenorthern margin of the Tibetan plateau and tectonic implications[J].Earth and Planetary ScienceLetters,2006,241:808-814.
[25]李松林,Mooney W D.伽师地震区地壳细结构及发震断层的初步研究[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(1):76-82.
[26]梅世蓉.地震前兆场物理模式与前兆时空分布机制研究(一)坚固体孕震模式的由来与证据[J].地震学报,1995,17(3):273-282.
[27]Zhang H J,Thurber C H,Shelly D,et al.High-resolution subducting-slab structure beneath north-ern Honshu,Japan,revealed by double-difference tomography[J].Geology,2004,32(4):361-364.
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