强震地壳逸出氡和电离层异常耦合关系的讨论
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摘要
空间对地观测研究是近年来国内外地震科学研究发展的重要方向。由于新的观测技术和理论的快速发展,地壳逸出氡和电离层异常耦合关系在地震前兆信息分析中有可能发挥重要作用。本文重点介绍了近年来国际上在强震地壳逸出氡和电离层异常耦合关系研究方面的主要进展,包括氡和电离层异常耦合关系的基本理论、观测依据和物理解释等,同时也介绍了在地震前兆研究中氡和电离层异常耦合关系的基本特点。研究认为,由于地面氡观测和卫星电离层观测均存在各自的优势和不足,因此利用空间对地观测技术来研究地壳逸出氡和电离层异常的耦合关系,可以全面提高对强震前兆异常信息的空间分析和可靠性判定能力,对全面发展地震监测预报技术具有重要的意义。
The research of space-to-ground observation has been an important development direction of seismological science at home and abroad in recent years.As a result of the rapid development of the new observation technology and theory,the coupling relationship between abnormal radon and ionosphere may play an important role in the analysis of earthquake precursor information related earthquake preparation.We focus on the major international advances of the strong earthquakes coupling relationship between abnormal radon escaped from crustal and ionosphere recently,including the basic theory,observation basis and physical interpretation of the coupling relationship between abnormal radon and ionosphere,at the same time introduce the basic characteristics of the coupling relationship between abnormal radon and ionosphere in the study of earthquake prediction.This article holds that,because there are each advantages and disadvantages about ground-based radon observations and satellite ionospheric observations,utilizing the technology of space-to-ground observation to study the coupling relationship between abnormal radon and ionosphere,we can make overall improvement in spatial analysis of strong earthquakes precursor abnormal information and the ability of reliability judging,and it is of great significance for the comprehensive development of earthquake monitoring and forecasting.
The research of space-to-ground observation has been an important development direction of seismological science at home and abroad in recent years.As a result of the rapid development of the new observation technology and theory,the coupling relationship between abnormal radon and ionosphere may play an important role in the analysis of earthquake precursor information related earthquake preparation.We focus on the major international advances of the strong earthquakes coupling relationship between abnormal radon escaped from crustal and ionosphere recently,including the basic theory,observation basis and physical interpretation of the coupling relationship between abnormal radon and ionosphere,at the same time introduce the basic characteristics of the coupling relationship between abnormal radon and ionosphere in the study of earthquake prediction.This article holds that,because there are each advantages and disadvantages about ground-based radon observations and satellite ionospheric observations,utilizing the technology of space-to-ground observation to study the coupling relationship between abnormal radon and ionosphere,we can make overall improvement in spatial analysis of strong earthquakes precursor abnormal information and the ability of reliability judging,and it is of great significance for the comprehensive development of earthquake monitoring and forecasting.
引文
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刘光鼎,2002,回顾与展望——21世纪的固体地球物理,地球物理学进展,17(2),191～197。
刘耀炜、任宏微,2009,汶川8.0级地震氡震后效应特征初步分析,地震,29(1),121～131。
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汪成民、李宣瑚、魏柏林,1991,断层气测量在地震科学中的应用,1～197,北京:地震出版社。
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赵国泽、陈小斌、蔡军涛,2007,电磁卫星和地震预测,地球物理学进展,22(3),667～673。
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曾中超、张蓓、方广有等,2009,利用DEMETER卫星数据分析汶川地震前的电离层异常,地球物理学报,52(1),11～19。
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赵国泽、陈小斌、蔡军涛,2007,电磁卫星和地震预测,地球物理学进展,22(3),667～673。
Alekseev V.A.,Alekseeva N.G.,1992,Investigation of Metal Transfer in the Biosphere During Gaseous Emission in Zones ofTectonic Activity Using Methods of Nuclear-physics,Nucl.Geophys,6(1),99～110.
Alekseev V.A.,Alekseeva N.G.,Jchankuliev J.,1995,On relation between Fluxes of metals in waters and radon inturkmenistan region of seismic activity,Radiation Measurement,25,637～639.
Blaunstein,N.,2000,Large-scale stratification of the ionosphere during earthquake preparation,Phys.Chem.Earth,25(12),789～791.
Boyarchuk K.A.,Svirko Yu.P.,1996,Estimate of the concentration of elementary ions in radioactive contamination of thetroposphere,Tech.Phys.Lett.,22(7),575～577.
Boyarchuk K.A.,1997a,Kinetics of elementary ions in the lower atmosphere acted upon by ionizing radiation,Proceed of Russ.Acad.Sci.,Atmos.Ocean.Phys,33(2),236～240.
Boyarchuk K.A.,1997b,The estimation of the compex negative ions'concentration at the radioactiviti polution of the troposphere,Tech.Phys.Lett.,28(3),201～205.
Boyarchuk K.A.,lomonosov A.M.,Pulinets S.A.,1998,Variability of the earth's atmospheric electric field and ion-aerosolskinetics in the troposphere,Studia geoph.et geod.,42,197～210.
Chen Y.I.,Chuo Y.J.,Liu J.Y.,et al,1999,Statistical study of ionospheric precursors of strong earthquakes at Taiwan area,XXVI URSI General Assembly,745.
Chmyrev V.M.,Isaev N.V.,Serebryakova O.N.et al,1997,Small-scale plasma inhomogeneities and correlated ELF emissionsin the ionosphere over an earthquake region,Atmos.Solar-Terr.Phys.,59,967～974.
Fux I.M.,Shubova R.S.,1995,VLF signal anomalies as response on the processes within near-earth atmosphere,Geomagnetismand Aeronomy,2(34),130～136.
Gaivoronskaya,T.V.,1991,The seismic activity effects on the ionosphere,The Review,Preprint IZMIRAN,36(983),25.
Gokhberg M.B.,Gufeld I.L.,Rozhnoy A.A.et al,1989,Study of seismic influence on the ionosphere by super long-waveprobing of the Earth-ionosphere waveguide,Phys.Earth.Planet.Inter.,57(12),64～67.
Gokhberg M.B.,Morgounov V.A.,Pokhotelov O.A.,1995,Earthquake Prediction:Seismo-electromagnetic phenomena,Amsterdam:Gordon and Breach Science Publishers.
Gokhberg M.B.,Shalimov S.L.,2004,Influence of earthquakes and explosions on the ionosphere,Moscow:Institute of Physics ofthe Earth of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Grimalsky V.V.,Hayakawa M.,Ivchenko V.N.et al,2003,Penetration of an electrostatic field from the lithosphere into theionosphere and its effect on the D-region before earthquakes,Atoms.Solar-Terr.Phys.,65,391～407.
Gufeld I.L.,Rozhnoi A.A.,Tiymentsev S.N.et al,1992,Radiowave fields disturbances before Rudbar and Rachinearthquakes,zvestiya RAN Fizika Zemli,3,102.
Hao J.,Tang T.,Li D.,2000,Progress in the research of atmospheric electric field anomaly as an index for short-impendingprediction of earthquakes,Earthquake Pred.Res.,8,241～255.
Hayakawa M.,1999,Atmospheric and ionospheric electromagnetic phenomena associated with earthquakes,Tokyo:TERRAPUB.
Hayakawa M.,2001,NASDA's Earthquake Remote Sensing Frontier Research.Seismo-Electromagnetic Phenomena in theLithosphere,Atmosphere and Ionosphere,Final Report,The University of Electro-Communications,Chofu,Tokyo,Japan.
Hegai V.V.,Kim V.P.,1990,The formation of a cavity in the night time midlatitude ionospheric E-region above a thundercloud,Planet.Space Sci.,38(6),703～707.
Hegai V.V.,Kim V.P.,Nikiforova L.I.,1997,A possible generation mechanism of acoustic-gravity waves in the ionospherebefore strong earthquakes,Earthquake Predict.Res.,6,584～589.
Jianguo H.,1989,Near earth surface anomalies of the atmospheric electric field and earthquakes,Acta Seismol.Sin.,2,289～298.
Kawamoto H.,Ogawa T.,1986,First model of negative ion composition in the troposphere,Planet.Space Sci.,34(12),1229～1239.
Kim V.P.,Khegai V.V.,1985,The effect of an Electric Field on the Nightside E Region of the Midlatitude Ionosphere,Geomagnetism and Aeronomy,25(5),717～718.
Kim V.P.,Hegai V.V.,Illich-Svitych P.V.,1994,On the possibility of a metallic ion layer forming in the E-Region of the nightmidlatitude ionosphere before great earthquakes,Geomagn.and Aeronomy.,33,658～662.
Kim V.P.,Hegai V.V.,Nikiforova L.I.,1995,On the possible disturbance of the night-time E-region of the ionosphere over thelarge-scale tectonic fault,Fizika Zemli,7,35.
Kim V.P.,Hegai V.V.,1999,A possible presage of strong earthquakes in the night-time mid-latitude region ionosphere,Atmospheric and Ionospheric Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated with Earthquakes,Terra Scientific Publishing Company,619～627.
King C.Y.,1978,Radon emanation on San Andreas Fault,Nature,271,516～519.
King C.Y.,1980,Episodic radon changes in subsurface soil gas along active faults and possible relation to earthquakes,GeophysRes,85(B6),3065～3078.
Koshevaya,S.V.,Perez-Enriquez R.,Kotsarenko N.Ya.,1997,The detection of electromagnetic processes in the ionospherecaused by seismic activity,Geofis.Int.,36,47～52.
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