基于物理模型的起伏地表构造成像叠加速度分析研究
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摘要
在起伏地表构造条件下,共中心点反射已不复存在,其波场特征较为复杂,速度分析时受浅层动校畸变影响较大,加上其他干扰因素,利用常规处理手段已很难得到较为准确的近地表构造和起伏地表浅层的叠加速度.为此,设计了两个物理模型,利用地震物理模拟实验数据采集系统对模型进行了数据采集.在采集到的地震物理模拟数据的资料处理过程中,对单炮记录进行向上延拓,然后再进行速度分析,并在动校正后多次调整叠加速度来得到视叠加速度,从而避免了浅层动校畸变大的影响.物理模型的模拟实验及处理结果表明,向上延拓是解决近地表构造和起伏地表浅层叠加速度的有效手段,通过向上延拓处理可以得到较为准确的近地表构造的视叠加速度,利用这样的叠加速度成像,可以得到近地表构造和起伏地表浅层构造较为真实有效的信息.
In the relief surface structure conditions,CMP reflection has gone,the wave field characteristic is more complicated,velocity analysis under shallow NMO distortion influence is bigger,with other interference factors,using conventional processing methods has been hard to get more accurate the stacking velocity of near surface and relief surface structure.For this reason,we designed two physical models,and acquired seismic modeling data using the seismic physical modeling data acquisition system.Upward continuation in shot records were used in the processing of the seismic physical modeling data.Then,velocity analysis is accomplished.On this basis,several adjustments with the stacking velocity after NMO were used to obtain the Visual stacking velocity,so as to avoid the impact of the shallow NMO distortion.The physical modeling and processing results show that the upward continuation is an effective means to solve the stacking velocity of near-surface and relief surface structure,upward continuation treatment can get more accurate the Visual stacking velocity of the near-surface structure,the use of this stacking velocity imaging can obtain real and effective information of the near-surface and relief structure.Thereby,it can increase the accuracy and reliability of the data interpretation,understanding the structure and its distribution pattern of the near-surface is also Conducive.This method has a certain degree of guiding significance for the seismic survey design and data processing.
In the relief surface structure conditions,CMP reflection has gone,the wave field characteristic is more complicated,velocity analysis under shallow NMO distortion influence is bigger,with other interference factors,using conventional processing methods has been hard to get more accurate the stacking velocity of near surface and relief surface structure.For this reason,we designed two physical models,and acquired seismic modeling data using the seismic physical modeling data acquisition system.Upward continuation in shot records were used in the processing of the seismic physical modeling data.Then,velocity analysis is accomplished.On this basis,several adjustments with the stacking velocity after NMO were used to obtain the Visual stacking velocity,so as to avoid the impact of the shallow NMO distortion.The physical modeling and processing results show that the upward continuation is an effective means to solve the stacking velocity of near-surface and relief surface structure,upward continuation treatment can get more accurate the Visual stacking velocity of the near-surface structure,the use of this stacking velocity imaging can obtain real and effective information of the near-surface and relief structure.Thereby,it can increase the accuracy and reliability of the data interpretation,understanding the structure and its distribution pattern of the near-surface is also Conducive.This method has a certain degree of guiding significance for the seismic survey design and data processing.
引文
[1]张军华,王静,郑旭刚,等.关于几种速度分析方法的讨论及效果分析[J].石油物探,2009,48(4):347-353.Zhang J H,Wang J,Zheng X G,etc.Discussion and resultanalysis on several velocity analysis methods.Geophysicalprospecting for petroleum(in Chinese),2009,48(4):347-353.
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[8]杨勤勇.碳酸盐岩溶洞模型地震成像分辨率研究[J].石油物探,2010,49(6):546-553.Yang Q Y.Study of seismic imaging resolution based on thecave model of carbonate reservoirs.2010,49(6):546-553.
[9]杨海生,王必金,陈玉明,等.基于起伏地表的合成平面波叠前深度偏移[J].石油物探,2011,50(2):129-138.Yang H S,Wang B J,Chen Y M,etc.Synthesized plane wavepre-stack depth migration from rugged surface.Geophysicalprospecting for petroleum(in Chinese),2011,50(2):129-138.
[10]曲寿利,朱生旺,赵群,李佩.碳酸盐岩孔洞型储集体地震反射特征分析.地球物理学报,2012,(6):2053-2061.Qu S L,Zhu S W,Zhao Q,Li P.Analysis of seismic reflectioncharacters for carbonate Karst reservoir.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,(6):2053-2061.
[11]孙章庆,孙建国,韩复兴.三维起伏地表条件下地震波走时计算的不等距迎风差分法.地球物理学报,2012,55(7):2441-2449.Sun Z Q,Sun J G,Han F X.Traveltime computation usingthe upwind finite difference method with nonuniform gridspacing in a 3D undulating surface condition.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,55(7):2441-2449.
[12]张兵,方伍宝,孔祥宁,李满树.近地表速度变化对地震波传播的影响[J].勘探地球物理进展,2008,31(5):357-362.Zhang B,Fang W B,Kong X N,Li M S.Effect of velocityvariation on seismic wave propagation in near surface.PEG,2008,31(5):357-362.
[13]张浩,张剑锋.起伏地表采集数据的三维直接叠前时间偏移方法.地球物理学报,2012,55(4):1335-1344.Zhang H,Zhang J F.3Dprestack time migration includingsurface topography.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,55(4):1335-1344.
[14]董春晖;张剑锋.起伏地表下的直接叠前时间偏移.地球物理学报,2009,52(1):239-244.Dong C H,Zhang J F.Prestack time migration includingsurface topography.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(1):239-244.
[15]刘伊克,常旭,王辉,李福中.三维复杂地形近地表速度估算及地震层析静校正.地球物理学报,2001,44(02):272-278.Liu Y K,Chang X,Wang H,Li F Z.ESTIMATION OFNEAR-SURFACE VELOCITY AND SEISMICTOMOGRAPHIC STATIC CORRECTIONS.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2001,44(02):272-278.
[16]黄明忠.炮检域迭代直接静校正方法及应用效果[J].勘探地球物理进展,2008,31(2):122-128.Huang Mingzhong.Application of 3-D shot and receiverdomain iterative direct statics.Progress in ExplorationGeophysics,2008,31(2):122-128.
[17]孙维昭,谷跃民,徐刚,赵建章,张进铎.高分辨率近地表速度模型重建及在静校正中应用[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(5):1757-1762.Sun W Z,Gu Y M,Xu G,Zhao J Z,Zhang J D.Reconstruction of the high-resolution near-surface velocitymodel and its application to the static correction undercomplex surface conditions[J].Progress in Geophysics,2010,25(5):1757-1762.
[18]王建立,王真理,敬朋贵,等.川东北复杂山地三维静校正应用及实例分析[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(2):555-561.Wang J L,Wang Z L,Jing P G,etc.A statics solution inCBD hilly areas[J].Progress in Geophysics,2010,25(2):555-561.
[19]敬朋贵,齐中山,肖兰雄.米仓—大巴山复杂山前带油气勘探进展与面临的问题研究[J].石油物探,2011,50(2):107-114.Jing P G,Qi Z S,Xiao L X.Exploration progress andconfronted problems of complex mountain front in Micang-Dabashan area.Geophysical prospecting for petroleum(inChinese),2011,50(2):107-114.
[2]郝守玲,赵群.横向速度变化对构造成像影响的物理模拟研究[J].石油物探,2008,47(1):49-54.Hao S L,Zhao Q.Physical modeling research for the effect oflateral velocity on structural imaging.Geophysical prospectingfor petroleum(in Chinese),2008,47(1):49-54.
[3]管路平,冯波,王华忠.偏移速度分析的精度与观测系统的关系[J].石油物探,2009,48(2):107-109.Guan L P,Feng B,Wang H Z.Relationship between theaccuracy of migration velocity analysis and geometry.Geophysical prospecting for petroleum(in Chinese),2009,48(2):107-109.
[4]尹志恒,李向阳,魏建新,等.利用物理模型三维纵波数据分析HTI介质的方位各向异性.地球物理学报,2012,55(11):3805-3812.Yin Z H,Li X Y,Wei J X,etc.A physical modeling study onthe 3DP-wave azimuthal anisotropy in HTI media.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,55(11):3805-3812.
[5]赵群;郭建;郝守玲;耿建华.模拟天然气水合物的岩石物理特性模型实验.地球物理学报,2005,48(3):649-655.Zhao Q,Guo J,Hao S L,Geng J H.Experiments of physicalmodeling for petrophysical properties of natural gas hydrate.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(3):649-655.
[6]胡中平;管路平;顾连兴,等.高速屏蔽层下广角地震波场分析及成像方法.地球物理学报,2004,47(1):88-94.Hu Z P,Guan L P,Gu L X,etc.Wide angle seismic wave fieldanalysis and imaging method below the high velocity shieldlayers.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(1):88-94.
[7]张永华,刘振东,徐照营,等.王集地区复杂断裂构造带高精度三维地震成像研究[J].石油物探,2010,49(6):591-598.Zhang Y H,Liu Z D,Xu Z Y,etc.High-precision 3Dseismicimaging of complex fractured structural belt in Wangji area.Geophysical prospecting for petroleum(in Chinese),2010,49(6):591-598.
[8]杨勤勇.碳酸盐岩溶洞模型地震成像分辨率研究[J].石油物探,2010,49(6):546-553.Yang Q Y.Study of seismic imaging resolution based on thecave model of carbonate reservoirs.2010,49(6):546-553.
[9]杨海生,王必金,陈玉明,等.基于起伏地表的合成平面波叠前深度偏移[J].石油物探,2011,50(2):129-138.Yang H S,Wang B J,Chen Y M,etc.Synthesized plane wavepre-stack depth migration from rugged surface.Geophysicalprospecting for petroleum(in Chinese),2011,50(2):129-138.
[10]曲寿利,朱生旺,赵群,李佩.碳酸盐岩孔洞型储集体地震反射特征分析.地球物理学报,2012,(6):2053-2061.Qu S L,Zhu S W,Zhao Q,Li P.Analysis of seismic reflectioncharacters for carbonate Karst reservoir.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,(6):2053-2061.
[11]孙章庆,孙建国,韩复兴.三维起伏地表条件下地震波走时计算的不等距迎风差分法.地球物理学报,2012,55(7):2441-2449.Sun Z Q,Sun J G,Han F X.Traveltime computation usingthe upwind finite difference method with nonuniform gridspacing in a 3D undulating surface condition.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,55(7):2441-2449.
[12]张兵,方伍宝,孔祥宁,李满树.近地表速度变化对地震波传播的影响[J].勘探地球物理进展,2008,31(5):357-362.Zhang B,Fang W B,Kong X N,Li M S.Effect of velocityvariation on seismic wave propagation in near surface.PEG,2008,31(5):357-362.
[13]张浩,张剑锋.起伏地表采集数据的三维直接叠前时间偏移方法.地球物理学报,2012,55(4):1335-1344.Zhang H,Zhang J F.3Dprestack time migration includingsurface topography.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,55(4):1335-1344.
[14]董春晖;张剑锋.起伏地表下的直接叠前时间偏移.地球物理学报,2009,52(1):239-244.Dong C H,Zhang J F.Prestack time migration includingsurface topography.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(1):239-244.
[15]刘伊克,常旭,王辉,李福中.三维复杂地形近地表速度估算及地震层析静校正.地球物理学报,2001,44(02):272-278.Liu Y K,Chang X,Wang H,Li F Z.ESTIMATION OFNEAR-SURFACE VELOCITY AND SEISMICTOMOGRAPHIC STATIC CORRECTIONS.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2001,44(02):272-278.
[16]黄明忠.炮检域迭代直接静校正方法及应用效果[J].勘探地球物理进展,2008,31(2):122-128.Huang Mingzhong.Application of 3-D shot and receiverdomain iterative direct statics.Progress in ExplorationGeophysics,2008,31(2):122-128.
[17]孙维昭,谷跃民,徐刚,赵建章,张进铎.高分辨率近地表速度模型重建及在静校正中应用[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(5):1757-1762.Sun W Z,Gu Y M,Xu G,Zhao J Z,Zhang J D.Reconstruction of the high-resolution near-surface velocitymodel and its application to the static correction undercomplex surface conditions[J].Progress in Geophysics,2010,25(5):1757-1762.
[18]王建立,王真理,敬朋贵,等.川东北复杂山地三维静校正应用及实例分析[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(2):555-561.Wang J L,Wang Z L,Jing P G,etc.A statics solution inCBD hilly areas[J].Progress in Geophysics,2010,25(2):555-561.
[19]敬朋贵,齐中山,肖兰雄.米仓—大巴山复杂山前带油气勘探进展与面临的问题研究[J].石油物探,2011,50(2):107-114.Jing P G,Qi Z S,Xiao L X.Exploration progress andconfronted problems of complex mountain front in Micang-Dabashan area.Geophysical prospecting for petroleum(inChinese),2011,50(2):107-114.
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