陆相碎屑震积岩形成机理及其研究意义
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摘要
震积岩是国内近几年研究的热点之一,越来越多的震积构造在古代地层中被识别出来。通过对不同盆地陆相碎屑岩典型震积构造的研究,对不同震积岩的形成机理进行了深入分析。研究认为陆相碎屑震积岩大多与砂土的液化作用有关,同生小断层应形成于砂土液化和微褶皱发生之后的应力调整期,其垂直断距应与下伏不同粒度砂岩的差异沉陷量相当。陆相碎屑震积岩主要受控于沉积相带或者岩性,因而并不具有统一的垂向沉积序列,但在粉砂质和泥级沉积物中可以发育与碳酸盐岩震动液化地震序列相似的沉积构造组合。震积岩的研究对构造—沉积演化史分析、地震预测、油气勘探和开发以及区域地层对比都具有重要意义。
The seismites is one of the research hotspots in recent years.With the deepening of the study,more and more seismite structures have been identified in ancient strata.Based on the study of typical seismites in different base,the paper analyzes formation mechanism of different seismite.Many continental clastic seismites' structures related to sand liquefaction.Micro normal fractures were formed t during stress adjustment which was occured after liquefaction of sands and micro corrugating.Vertical fault throw of micro normal fractures is equal to the differential subsidence of sands that have different particle size.Continental clastic seismites have no general sediment sequence because its distribution was mainly controlled by sedimentary facies or lithology.But similar sequence to vibration liquefaction in carbonate rock can be found in silt and clay size deposit.Seismites research is significant to structural-sedimentary evolvement analysis,earthquake forecast,exploration and development of oil & gas and regional stratigraphic correlation.
The seismites is one of the research hotspots in recent years.With the deepening of the study,more and more seismite structures have been identified in ancient strata.Based on the study of typical seismites in different base,the paper analyzes formation mechanism of different seismite.Many continental clastic seismites' structures related to sand liquefaction.Micro normal fractures were formed t during stress adjustment which was occured after liquefaction of sands and micro corrugating.Vertical fault throw of micro normal fractures is equal to the differential subsidence of sands that have different particle size.Continental clastic seismites have no general sediment sequence because its distribution was mainly controlled by sedimentary facies or lithology.But similar sequence to vibration liquefaction in carbonate rock can be found in silt and clay size deposit.Seismites research is significant to structural-sedimentary evolvement analysis,earthquake forecast,exploration and development of oil & gas and regional stratigraphic correlation.
引文
[1]Seilacher A.Fault-graded bed interpreted as seismites[J].Sed-imentology,1969,13(1/2):155-159.
[2]Seilacher A.Sedimentary structures tentatively attributed toseismic events[J].Marine Geology,1984,55(1):1-12.
[3]Qiao Xiufu,Gao Lingzhi,Peng Yang,et al.Seismic event,se-quence and tectonic significance in Canglangpu Stage in Paleo-Tanlu fault zone[J].Science in China:Series D,2001,31(11):911-918.[乔秀夫,高林志,彭阳,等.古郯庐带沧浪铺阶地震事件、层序及构造意义[J].中国科学:D辑,2001,31(11):911-918.]
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[5]Qiao Xiufu,Li Haibing,Gao Linzhi.Sinian-early Paleozoicseismic rhythms on the north China platform[J].Earth Sci-ence Frontiers,1997,4(3/4):155-160.[乔秀夫,李海兵,高林志.华北地台震旦纪—早古生代地震节律[J].地学前缘,1997,4(3/4):155-160.]
[6]Qiao Xiufu,Li Haibing.Pillow,ball-and-pillow Structures:Pa-leo-seismic records within strata[J].Geological Review,2008,54(6):721-730.[乔秀夫,李海兵.枕、球—枕构造:地层中的古地震记录[J].地质论评,2008,54(6):721-730.]
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[8]Owen G.Experimental soft-sediment deformation:Structureformed by the liquefaction of unconsolidated sands and someancient examples[J].Sedimentology,1996,43:279-293.
[9]Du Yuansheng,SHI G,Gong Yiming,et al.Permian soft-sedi-ment deformation structures related to earthquake in thesouthern Sydney basin,eastern Australia[J].Acta GeologicalSinica,2000,81(4),511-518.[杜远生,G.SHI,龚一鸣,徐亚军.东澳大利亚南悉尼盆地二叠系与地震沉积有关的软沉积变形构造[J].地质学报,2007,81(4),511-518.]
[10]Du Yuansheng,Han Xin.Seismo-deposition and seismites[J].Advance in Earth Sciences,2000,15(4):389-394.[杜远生,韩欣.论震积作用和震积岩[J].地球科学进展,2000,15(4):389-394.]
[11]Xia Qingsong,Tian Jingchun,Huang Changwu.Study on therecognition marks of seismites in upper Triassic YanchangFormation,Ordos basin,China[J].Journal of Chengdu Uni-versity of Technology:Science&Technology Edition,2007,34(3):312-317.[夏青松,田景春,黄昌武.鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组震积岩识别标志研究[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2007,34(3):312-317.]
[12]Chen Wujie,Yuan Jing,Li Hongzhe,et al.Seismic depositionin southwestern Qaidam basin and its implication[J].NaturalGas Geoscience,2010,21(2):230-237.[陈武杰,袁静,李红哲,等.柴达木盆地西南区震积作用及其研究意义[J].天然气地球科学,2010,21(2):230-237.]
[13]Wang Feng,Tian Jingchun,Fan Liyong,et al.Evolution of sedi-mentary fillings in Triassic Yanchang Formation and its responseto Indosinian Movement in Ordos basin[J].Natural Gas Geosci-ence,2010,21(6):882-889.[王峰,田景春,范立勇,等.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组沉积充填演化及其对印支构造运动的响应[J].天然气地球科学,2010,21(6):882-889.]
[14]Song Tianrui.A possible seismic-tsunami sequence in Precam-brian carbonate stratigraphy in Shisanling area,Beijing[J].Chinese Science Bulletion,1988,33(8):609-611.[宋天锐.北京十三陵前寒武纪碳酸盐岩地层中的一套可能的地震—海啸序列[J].科学通报,1988,38(8):609-611.]
[15]Wu Xiantao,Yin Guoxun.The discovery and significance ofthe seismites in late Jurassic lake sediment of Emei,Sichuanprovince[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1992,10(3):19-24.[吴贤涛,尹国勋.四川峨眉晚侏罗世湖泊沉积中震积岩的发现及其意义[J].沉积学报,1992,10(3):19-24.]
[16]Liang Dingyi,Nie Zetong,Wan Xiaoqiao,et al.On the seis-mites and seismodiconformity:Take the western Sichuan andwestern Yunnan regions as an example[J].Geoscience,1991,5(2):138-147.[梁定益,聂泽同,万晓樵,等.试论震积岩及震积不整合——以川西、滇西地区为例[J].现代地质,1991,5(2):138-147.]
[17]Liang Dingyi,Nie Zetong,Song Zhimin.A restudy on seis-mites and seismo-unconformity:Take western Sichuan andwestern Yunnan as an example[J].Earth Science,1994,19(6):845-850.[梁定益,聂泽同,宋志敏.再论震积岩及震积不整合——以川西、滇西地区为例[J].地球科学,1994,19(6):845-850.]
[18]Du Shubin,Wang Xiang,Su Wenzhi.Storm deposits in Tuans-hanzi Formation Jixian area[J].Journal of Xi′an Mining Insti-tute,1995,15(3):241-245.[杜蜀宾,王翔,苏文智.蓟县地区团山子组风暴沉积[J].西安矿业学院学报,1995,15(3):241-245.]
[19]Kuang Hongwei,Liu Yanxue,Meng Xianghua,et al.Sedimen-tary lithofacies and petrological features of NeoproterozoicMT structures bearing carbonates in Jilin-Liaoning area[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2004,25(6):647-652.[旷红伟,刘燕学,孟祥化,等.吉辽地区新元古代臼齿碳酸盐岩岩相的若干岩石学特征研究[J].地球学报,2004,25(6):647-652.]
[20]Kuang Hongwei,Meng Xianghua,Ge Ming.Discussion on ori-gin for Molar Tooth carbonate rocks:An example from theNeoproterozoic in Jilin-Liaoning area[J].Journal of Palaeo-geography,2006,8(1):647-653.[旷红伟,孟祥化,葛铭.臼齿碳酸盐岩成因探讨——以吉林—辽宁地区新元古界为例[J].古地理学报,2006,8(1):647-653.]
[21]Wang Changyong.Tectonic Evolution of Southwestern Mar-gin in Ordos Basin and Sedimentary Response of Interval 8to6of Yanchang Formation[D].Chengdu:Chengdu Universityof Technology,2009.[王昌勇.鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘构造演化与长8—长6油层组沉积响应[D].成都:成都理工大学,2009.]
[22]Wang Qiyu.Research of Sedimentary and Sequence Feature inInterval 6of Yanchang Formation,Jiyuan Area of Ordos Ba-sin[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2011.[王启宇.鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区长6油层组沉积—层序特征研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2011.]
[23]Dai Chaocheng,Zheng Rongcai,Zhu Rukai,et al.The discov-ery and significance of seismites from Xujiahe Formation inSichuan analogous foreland basin[J].Advances in Earth Sci-ence,2009,24(2):172-180.[戴朝成,郑荣才,朱如凯,等.四川类前陆盆地须家河组震积岩的发现及其研究意义[J].地球科学进展,2009,24(2):172-180.]
[24]Spallctta C,Vai G B.Upper Devonian Intraclast ParabrecciasInterpreted as Seismites[J].Marine Geology,1984,55(1/2):133-144.
[25]Liu Ying,Xie Junwen.Vibrational Liquefaction of Sand Soil[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1984:1-327.[刘颖,谢君斐.砂土振动液化[M].北京:地震出版社,1984:1-327.]
[26]Zhu Haizhi.Liquefaction of sandy soil during earthquakes andstructural index of liquefaction[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1971,24:1127-1131.[朱海之.砂土震动液化与液化结构指数[J].科学通报,1971,24:1127-1131.]
[27]Kuenen P.Experiments in geology[J].Transactions of theGeological Society of Glasgow,1958,23:1-28.
[28]Wang Changyong,Zheng Rongcai,Gao Zhenzhong.The dis-covery and significance of seismites from the lower JurassicBadaowan Formation in Junggar basin[J].Geological Review,2008,54(6):821-826.[王昌勇,郑荣才,高振中.准噶尔盆地下侏罗统八道湾组震积岩的发现及其研究意义[J].地质评论,2008,54(6):821-826.]
[29]Lu Zhongjia,Huang Peihua.Summary Textbook of Seismoge-ology[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1991:287.[陆仲家,黄培华.地震地质学简明教程[M].北京:地震出版社,1991:287.]
[2]Seilacher A.Sedimentary structures tentatively attributed toseismic events[J].Marine Geology,1984,55(1):1-12.
[3]Qiao Xiufu,Gao Lingzhi,Peng Yang,et al.Seismic event,se-quence and tectonic significance in Canglangpu Stage in Paleo-Tanlu fault zone[J].Science in China:Series D,2001,31(11):911-918.[乔秀夫,高林志,彭阳,等.古郯庐带沧浪铺阶地震事件、层序及构造意义[J].中国科学:D辑,2001,31(11):911-918.]
[4]Qiao Xiufu,Gao Lingzhi.Earthquake events in Neoproterozoicand early Paleozoic and its relationship with super continentalRodina in north China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1999,44(16):1753-1758.[乔秀夫,高林志.华北中新元古代及早中生代地震灾变事件及与Rodinia的关系[J].科学通报,1999,44(16):1753-1758.]
[5]Qiao Xiufu,Li Haibing,Gao Linzhi.Sinian-early Paleozoicseismic rhythms on the north China platform[J].Earth Sci-ence Frontiers,1997,4(3/4):155-160.[乔秀夫,李海兵,高林志.华北地台震旦纪—早古生代地震节律[J].地学前缘,1997,4(3/4):155-160.]
[6]Qiao Xiufu,Li Haibing.Pillow,ball-and-pillow Structures:Pa-leo-seismic records within strata[J].Geological Review,2008,54(6):721-730.[乔秀夫,李海兵.枕、球—枕构造:地层中的古地震记录[J].地质论评,2008,54(6):721-730.]
[7]Qiao Xiufu,Song Tianrui,Gao Linzhi,et al.Seismic sequencein carbonate rocks by vibrational liquefaction[J].Acta Geo-logica Sinica,1994,68(1):16-34.[乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,等.碳酸盐岩振动液化地震序列[J].地质学报,1994,68(1):16-34.]
[8]Owen G.Experimental soft-sediment deformation:Structureformed by the liquefaction of unconsolidated sands and someancient examples[J].Sedimentology,1996,43:279-293.
[9]Du Yuansheng,SHI G,Gong Yiming,et al.Permian soft-sedi-ment deformation structures related to earthquake in thesouthern Sydney basin,eastern Australia[J].Acta GeologicalSinica,2000,81(4),511-518.[杜远生,G.SHI,龚一鸣,徐亚军.东澳大利亚南悉尼盆地二叠系与地震沉积有关的软沉积变形构造[J].地质学报,2007,81(4),511-518.]
[10]Du Yuansheng,Han Xin.Seismo-deposition and seismites[J].Advance in Earth Sciences,2000,15(4):389-394.[杜远生,韩欣.论震积作用和震积岩[J].地球科学进展,2000,15(4):389-394.]
[11]Xia Qingsong,Tian Jingchun,Huang Changwu.Study on therecognition marks of seismites in upper Triassic YanchangFormation,Ordos basin,China[J].Journal of Chengdu Uni-versity of Technology:Science&Technology Edition,2007,34(3):312-317.[夏青松,田景春,黄昌武.鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组震积岩识别标志研究[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2007,34(3):312-317.]
[12]Chen Wujie,Yuan Jing,Li Hongzhe,et al.Seismic depositionin southwestern Qaidam basin and its implication[J].NaturalGas Geoscience,2010,21(2):230-237.[陈武杰,袁静,李红哲,等.柴达木盆地西南区震积作用及其研究意义[J].天然气地球科学,2010,21(2):230-237.]
[13]Wang Feng,Tian Jingchun,Fan Liyong,et al.Evolution of sedi-mentary fillings in Triassic Yanchang Formation and its responseto Indosinian Movement in Ordos basin[J].Natural Gas Geosci-ence,2010,21(6):882-889.[王峰,田景春,范立勇,等.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组沉积充填演化及其对印支构造运动的响应[J].天然气地球科学,2010,21(6):882-889.]
[14]Song Tianrui.A possible seismic-tsunami sequence in Precam-brian carbonate stratigraphy in Shisanling area,Beijing[J].Chinese Science Bulletion,1988,33(8):609-611.[宋天锐.北京十三陵前寒武纪碳酸盐岩地层中的一套可能的地震—海啸序列[J].科学通报,1988,38(8):609-611.]
[15]Wu Xiantao,Yin Guoxun.The discovery and significance ofthe seismites in late Jurassic lake sediment of Emei,Sichuanprovince[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1992,10(3):19-24.[吴贤涛,尹国勋.四川峨眉晚侏罗世湖泊沉积中震积岩的发现及其意义[J].沉积学报,1992,10(3):19-24.]
[16]Liang Dingyi,Nie Zetong,Wan Xiaoqiao,et al.On the seis-mites and seismodiconformity:Take the western Sichuan andwestern Yunnan regions as an example[J].Geoscience,1991,5(2):138-147.[梁定益,聂泽同,万晓樵,等.试论震积岩及震积不整合——以川西、滇西地区为例[J].现代地质,1991,5(2):138-147.]
[17]Liang Dingyi,Nie Zetong,Song Zhimin.A restudy on seis-mites and seismo-unconformity:Take western Sichuan andwestern Yunnan as an example[J].Earth Science,1994,19(6):845-850.[梁定益,聂泽同,宋志敏.再论震积岩及震积不整合——以川西、滇西地区为例[J].地球科学,1994,19(6):845-850.]
[18]Du Shubin,Wang Xiang,Su Wenzhi.Storm deposits in Tuans-hanzi Formation Jixian area[J].Journal of Xi′an Mining Insti-tute,1995,15(3):241-245.[杜蜀宾,王翔,苏文智.蓟县地区团山子组风暴沉积[J].西安矿业学院学报,1995,15(3):241-245.]
[19]Kuang Hongwei,Liu Yanxue,Meng Xianghua,et al.Sedimen-tary lithofacies and petrological features of NeoproterozoicMT structures bearing carbonates in Jilin-Liaoning area[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2004,25(6):647-652.[旷红伟,刘燕学,孟祥化,等.吉辽地区新元古代臼齿碳酸盐岩岩相的若干岩石学特征研究[J].地球学报,2004,25(6):647-652.]
[20]Kuang Hongwei,Meng Xianghua,Ge Ming.Discussion on ori-gin for Molar Tooth carbonate rocks:An example from theNeoproterozoic in Jilin-Liaoning area[J].Journal of Palaeo-geography,2006,8(1):647-653.[旷红伟,孟祥化,葛铭.臼齿碳酸盐岩成因探讨——以吉林—辽宁地区新元古界为例[J].古地理学报,2006,8(1):647-653.]
[21]Wang Changyong.Tectonic Evolution of Southwestern Mar-gin in Ordos Basin and Sedimentary Response of Interval 8to6of Yanchang Formation[D].Chengdu:Chengdu Universityof Technology,2009.[王昌勇.鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘构造演化与长8—长6油层组沉积响应[D].成都:成都理工大学,2009.]
[22]Wang Qiyu.Research of Sedimentary and Sequence Feature inInterval 6of Yanchang Formation,Jiyuan Area of Ordos Ba-sin[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2011.[王启宇.鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区长6油层组沉积—层序特征研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2011.]
[23]Dai Chaocheng,Zheng Rongcai,Zhu Rukai,et al.The discov-ery and significance of seismites from Xujiahe Formation inSichuan analogous foreland basin[J].Advances in Earth Sci-ence,2009,24(2):172-180.[戴朝成,郑荣才,朱如凯,等.四川类前陆盆地须家河组震积岩的发现及其研究意义[J].地球科学进展,2009,24(2):172-180.]
[24]Spallctta C,Vai G B.Upper Devonian Intraclast ParabrecciasInterpreted as Seismites[J].Marine Geology,1984,55(1/2):133-144.
[25]Liu Ying,Xie Junwen.Vibrational Liquefaction of Sand Soil[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1984:1-327.[刘颖,谢君斐.砂土振动液化[M].北京:地震出版社,1984:1-327.]
[26]Zhu Haizhi.Liquefaction of sandy soil during earthquakes andstructural index of liquefaction[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1971,24:1127-1131.[朱海之.砂土震动液化与液化结构指数[J].科学通报,1971,24:1127-1131.]
[27]Kuenen P.Experiments in geology[J].Transactions of theGeological Society of Glasgow,1958,23:1-28.
[28]Wang Changyong,Zheng Rongcai,Gao Zhenzhong.The dis-covery and significance of seismites from the lower JurassicBadaowan Formation in Junggar basin[J].Geological Review,2008,54(6):821-826.[王昌勇,郑荣才,高振中.准噶尔盆地下侏罗统八道湾组震积岩的发现及其研究意义[J].地质评论,2008,54(6):821-826.]
[29]Lu Zhongjia,Huang Peihua.Summary Textbook of Seismoge-ology[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1991:287.[陆仲家,黄培华.地震地质学简明教程[M].北京:地震出版社,1991:287.]
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