盐下构造速度建模与逆时偏移成像研究及应用
详细信息 本馆镜像全文    |  推荐本文 | | 获取馆网全文
摘要
盐丘速度建模及成像是盐下油气藏勘探有关技术瓶颈问题.盐下构造由于盐丘速度与围岩地层差异大,且厚度横向变化大,造成地震波场复杂及时间域构造畸变.针对H区复杂盐丘的地质特征,通过技术创新重新认识盐下油气藏.针对盐丘速度建模的难点,提出了"多信息约束层控实体建模技术",采用序贯高斯模拟及克里金趋势约束速度反演方法,较好解决了盐下速度异常问题,大大提高了速度建模的精度;针对盐下复杂构造成像,基于有限差分方法研究了精确且高效的差分格式逆时波场外推算法.基于GPU/CPU协同平台,将波场延拓通过GPU实现.采用逆时偏移深度域成像技术,使高角度反射界面、甚至超过90°盐丘侧翼界面的反射波精确成像.通过盐丘理论模型试算验证算法及方法的正确性.上述方法解决了盐丘速度建模精度问题、盐丘侧翼的回转构造成像问题,实现了对盐丘边界及盐丘侧翼的准确归位.消除了速度异常造成的时间域构造畸变,使盐下地层在深度域能够准确成像.
Velocity modeling and imaging of salt domes are bottlenecks in subsalt reservoir exploration.Because of large velocity variance between salt domes and surrounding rocks and large thickness changing in spatial direction,many problems are present in subsalt seismic exploration,such as seismic wave filed complexity,and structural distortion in time domain.According to the complex geological characters of Area H,we can learn more about the subsalt reservoirs through technological innovation.As to the difficulties of salt velocity modeling,this paper proposes an idea called "multi-information constrained layer-bound solid modeling technique",which uses sequential Gauss simulation and CVI method to solve velocity anomalies in subsalt structure,and can remarkably improve the precision of velocity modeling.As to the complex subsalt structure imaging,through studying based on the finite difference method,this paper proposes a precise and efficient finite difference scheme for reverse-time wave field extrapolation.Based on GPU/CPU cooperating system,we extrapolate the wave field forwardly and reversely in time domain that needs the maximum amount of calculation through GPU.This paper adopts reverse time migration in depth domain,which can precisely image the reflected waves from steep dip(even exceeding 90 degrees in the adjacent beds of a salt dome).By the theoretical test of salt dome model,we verify the correctness of the algorithms and methods mentioned above.Through the reverse time migration method,we solve the problem of imaging sub-salt structure and the adjacent beds,so we can migrate the salt dome and the adjacent beds to their true positions,and eliminate structure distortion of underlying beds in time domain due to the velocity anomaly of the salt dome.So fnianlly we can get precise migration results of sub-salt structure in depth domain.
引文
[1]丁亮,刘洋.逆时偏移成像技术研究进展.地球物理学进展,2011,26(3):1085-1100.Ding L,Liu Y.Progress in reverse time migration imaging,Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,26(3):1085-1100.
    [2]Hemon C H.Equations d'onde et modeles.GeophysicalProspecting,1978,26(4):790-821.
    [3]Whitmore D W.Iterative depth migration by backward timepropagation.∥53rd Annual International Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,1983,382-385.
    [4]Baysal E,Kosloff D D,Sherwood J W C.Reverse timemigration.Geophysics,1983,48(11):1514-1524.
    [5]McMechan G A.Migration by extrapolation of time-dependentboundary values.Geophysical Prospecting,1983,31(3):413-420.
    [6]Soubaras R.Explicit 3-D migration using equiripplepolynomial expansion and Laplacian synthesis.Geophysics,1996,61(5):1386-1393.
    [7]Zhang Y,Sun J C,Gray S H.Aliasing in wavefieldextrapolation prestack migration.Geophysics,2003,68(2):629-633.
    [8]徐琴,李振春,鲍伟.波动方程偏移中的成像条件研究进展.勘探地球物理进展,2008,31(4):247-252.Xu Q,Li Z C and Bao W.Progress in rearch of imagingcondition for wave equation migration.Progress in ExplorationGeophys.(in Chinese),2008,31(4):247-252.
    [9]许璐,孟小红,刘国峰.逆时偏移去噪方法研究进展.地球物理学进展,2012,27(4):1548-1556.Xu L,Meng X H,Liu G F.Reverse time migration andremoving artifacts.Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,27(4):1548-1556.
    [10]Symes W W.Reverse time migration with optimal checkpointing.Geophysics,2007,72(5):SM213-SM221.
    [11]李博,刘国峰,刘洪.地震叠前时间偏移的一种图形处理器提速实现方法.地球物理学报,2009,52(1):245-252.Li B,Liu G F,Liu H.A method of using GPU to accelerateseismic pre-stack time Migration.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2009,52(1):245-252.
    [12]刘红伟,李博,刘洪等.地震叠前逆时偏移高阶有限差分算法及GPU实现.地球物理学报,2010,53(7):1725-1733.Liu H W,Li B,Liu H,et al.The algorithm of high orderfinite difference pre-stack reverse time migration and GPUimplementation.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(7):1725-1733.
    [13]李博,刘红伟,刘国峰等.地震叠前逆时偏移算法的CPU/GPU实施对策.地球物理学报,2010,53(12):2938-2943.Li B,Liu H W,Liu G F,et al.Computational strategy ofseismic pre-stack reverse time migration on CPU/GPU.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(12):2938-2943.
    [14]Clapp R G.Reverse time migration with random boundaries.∥79th Annual International Meeting,SEG Expanded Abstracts,2009,28,2809-2813.
    [15]王西文,刘全新,苏明军等.多井约束下的速度建模方法和应用.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(3):263-267.Wang X W,Liu Q X,Su M J,et al.Multi-well constrainedvelocity model-building method and its application.OilGeophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2003,38(3):263-267.
    [16]秦宁,李振春,杨晓东等.叠前多级优化联合偏移速度建模.地球物理学进展,2013,28(1):0320-0328.Qin N,Li Z C,Yang X D,et al.Pre stack joint migrationvelocity modeling with multi stage optimization.Progress inGeophys.(in Chinese),2013,28(1):0320-0328.
    [17]温铁民,苏世龙,钱豫.盐下速度场异常问题分析.石油地球物理勘探,2001,42(S1):5-7.Wen T M,Su S L,Qian Y.Analysis of abnormal issue insubsalt velocity field.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2007,42(S1):5-7.
    [18]王西文,刘文卿,王宇超等.共反射角叠前偏移成像研究及应用.地球物理学报,2010,53(11):2732-2738.Wang X W,Liu W Q,Wang Y C,et al.Research andapplication of common reflection angle domain pre-stackmigration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(11):2732-2738.
    [19]Claerbout J.Toward a unified theory of reflector mapping.Geophysics,1971,36(3):467-481.
    [20]Dablain M A.The application of high-order differencing tothe scalar wave equation.Geophysics,1986,51(1):54-66.
    [21]Mulder W,Plessix R.One-way and two-way wave-equationmigration.∥Expanded Abstracts of 73rd Annual InternationalMeeting,SEG,2003,881-884.
    [22]Yoon K,Marfurt K J,Starr W.Challenges in reverse-timemigration.∥74th Annual International Meeting,SEG,ExpandedAbstracts,2004,1057-1060.
    [23]Fletcher R,Fowler P,Kitchenside P,et al.Suppressingunwanted internal reflections in prestack reverse-timemigration.Geophysics,2006,71(6):E79-E82.
    [24]Liu F Q,Morton S A,Leveille J P,et al.Reverse-timemigration using one-way wavefield imaging condition.∥ExpandedAbstracts of 77th Annual International Meeting,SEG,2007,2170-2174.
    [25]徐兴荣,王西文,王宇超等.基于波场分离理论的逆时偏移成像条件研究及应用.地球物理学进展,2012,27(5):2084-2090.Xu X R,Wang X W,Wang Y C,et al.Study and applicationof imaging condiation for reverse time migration base on wavefields separation.Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,27(5):2084-2090.
    [26]Symes W W.Mathematical foundations of reflection seismology.Technical Report,Rice University,1995.
    [27]Zhang Y,Sun J.Practical issues of reverse time migration:true amplitude gathers,noise removal and harmonic-sourceencoding.CPS/SEG Beijing 2009International GeophysicalConference&Exposition,2009,ID:5.
    [28]陈波,何文华,吴林钢等.盐下地震勘探实践和认识.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(S1):90-92.Chen B,He W H,Wu L G,et al.Practice and knowledge ofsubsalt seismic exploration.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(inChinese),2007,42(S1):90-92.

版权所有:© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心