断层分段生长定量表征及在油气成藏研究中的应用
详细信息 本馆镜像全文    |  推荐本文 | | 获取馆网全文
摘要
裂陷盆地断层分段生长具有普遍性,为了定量表征断层分段生长过程及组合模式的正确性,以塔南凹陷为研究靶区,以三维地震为基础,应用"三图一线"方法有效表征断层分段性;利用断裂平面分段生长连接定量判别标准,可以定量判别断层组合的正确性;同时,提出了应用"最大断距相减法"定量恢复断层形成演化过程,探讨断层分段生长对洼槽油气成藏的控制作用.结合洼槽结构和油藏精细解剖,研究结果表明:1)塔南凹陷边界断裂TN1和TN2具有典型分段生长特征,其分别由多个小断层连接而成;2)应用"断距回剥"技术定量恢复了TN1和TN2断层南一段上部和南二段沉积时期断层分布规律;3)基于断层分段生长定量判别标准,TN1和TN2断层组合与实际断层平面组合特征相符,证实了塔南东次凹TN1和TN2断层组合的可靠性;4)断陷湖盆具有典型主干边界断层"强烈活动段控洼槽并控优质烃源岩"和"变换构造带控砂体展布"的特征;5)盆地边界断裂分段生长、洼槽迁移与变换带控砂耦合关系导致形成4种类型油气藏:断层遮挡油气藏、近岸水下扇形成岩性油气藏、横向背斜形成的构造油气藏和岩性上倾尖灭油气藏.
The fault segmentation growth is universal in rift basin.Taking Tanna sag as a study example,fault combination mode and process of fault segmentation growth were quantitatively characterized based on three-dimensional seismic technology.The method of three-figure(displacement-distance curve,throw contour in the fault plane and depth contour in the fault plane)and one-profile(seismic cross-section along the fault strike)was used.Fault combination mode was verified quantitatively based on fault segmentation growth quantitative discrimination criterion in fracture plane.This paper proposed the method of maximum fault throwsubtraction to restore fault evolution quantitatively and to discuss the control action of fault segmentation growth on hydrocarbon accumulation in the trough.According to the analysis of trough structure and fine reservoir characteristics,this paper indicates that:1)The boundary fractures of Tanan sag(fracture TN1 and TN2)are characterized by typical segmentation growth and linked by many small faults.2)By means of the fault throw backstripping analysis,the fault distribution rule of sedimentary period,in the upper part of Nan1 member and Nan2 member in fracture TN1 and TN2,is restored quantitatively.3)Based on fault segmentation growth quantitative discrimination criterion,the obtained fault combination modes of fracture TN1 and TN2are in agreement with the actual fault combination characteristics,which validates the reliability of fault combination of fracture TN1 and TN2in east sug-sag of Tanan sag.4)The fault-depressed lacustrine basin is with the characteristics of typical main boundary faults,i.e.,both sug-sag and high-quality source rock are controlled by intense activity regions,and sandbody distribution is controlled by the tectonic transfer zone.5)The coupling relationship,among the segmentation growth of basin boundary faults,the sug-sag migration and the sandbody distribution controlled by tectonic transfer zone,results in four kinds of hydrocarbon reservoirs:fault-screened hydrocarbon reservoir,lithologic reservoir formed nearshore subaqueous fans,structural reservoir formed in cross anticline and lithologic updip pinch-out hydrocarbon reservoir.
引文
[1]BALLY A W.Musings over sedimentary basin evolution[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London,1982,305:325-338.
    [2]WERNICKE B,BURCHFIEL B C.Modes of extensional tectonics[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1982,4:105-115.
    [3]ANDERSON R E,ZOBACK M L,THOMPSON,G A.Implications of selected subsurface data on the structural form and evolution of some basins in the northern basin and Range province,Nevada and Utah[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1983,94:1055-1072.
    [4]JACKSON J,MCKENZIE D.The geometrical evolution of normal fault systems[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1983,5:471-482.
    [5]GIBBS A D.Structural evolution of extensional basin margins[J].Journal of the Geological Society,1984,14:609-620.
    [6]LEEDER M R,GAWTHORPE R L.Sedimentary models for extensional tilt-block/half-graben basins[J].Geological Society,London,Special Publications,1987,28(1):139-152.
    [7]ROSENDAHL B R.Architecture of continental rifts with special reference to East Africa[J].Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Science,1987,15:445-503.
    [8]ROSENDAHL B R,KILEMBE E,KACZMARICK K.Comparison of the Tanganyika,Malawi,Rukwa,and Turkana rift zones from analyses of seismic reflection data[J].Tectonophysics,1992,213:235-256.
    [9]SCHLISCHE R W.Half-graben basin filling models:new constraints on continental extensional basin development[J].Basin Research,1991,3(3):123-141.
    [10]GUPTA S,COWIE P A,DAWERS N H,UNDERHILL,J R.A mechanism to explain rift-basin subsidence and stratigraphic patterns through fault array evolution[J].Geology,1998,26:595-598.
    [11]DAWERS N H,UNDERHILL J R.The role of fault interaction and linkage in controlling synrift stratigraphic sequences:Late Jurassic,Statfjord East area,northern North Sea[J].AAPG bulletin,2000,84(1):45-64.
    [12]ROBERTS A M,YIELDING G.Deformation around basin-margin faults in the North Sea/mid-Norway rift[J].Geological Society,London,Special Publications,1991,56(1):61-78.
    [13]SCHLISCHE R W.Structural and stratigraphic development of the Newark extensional basin,eastern North America:Evidence for the growth of the basin and its bounding structures[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1992,104(10):1246-1263.
    [14]漆家福.渤海湾新生代盆地的两种构造系统及其成因解释[J].中国地质,2004,31:15-22.QI Jiafu.Two tectonic systems in Cenozoic Bohai Bay basin and their genetic interpretation[J].Geology In China,2004,31:15-22.
    [15]SCHOLZ C H,DAWERS N H,YU J Z,et al.Fault growth and fault scaling laws:preliminary results[J].Journal of Geophysical Researsh,1993,98:21951-21961.
    [16]SCHLISCHE R W,YOUNG S S,AXKERMANN R V,et al.Geometry and scaling relations of a population of very small rift-related normal faults[J].Geology,1996,24:683-686.
    [17]WATTERSON J.Fault dimensions,displacements and growth[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,1986,124:365-373.
    [18]SCHOLZ C H,COWIE P A.Determination of total strain from faulting using slip measurements[J].Nature,1990,346:837-838.
    [19]MARRETT R,ALLMENDINGER R W.Estimates of strain due to brittle faulting:sampling of fault populations[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1991,13(6):735-738.
    [20]WALSH J J,WATTERSON J.Geometric and kinematic coherence and scale effects in normal fault systems[J].Geological Society,London,Special Publications,1991,56(1):193-203.
    [21]WALSH J J,WATTERSON J.Analysis of the relationship between displacements and dimensions of faults[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1988,10:239-247.
    [22]COWIE P A,SCHOLZ C H.Displacement-length scaling relationship for faults:data synthesis and discussion[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1992,14:1149-1156.
    [23]WELLS D L,COPPERSMITH K J.New empirical relationships among magnitude rupture length,rupture width,rupture area,and surface displacement[J].Bulletin of Seismological Society of America,1994,84:974-1002.
    [24]付晓飞,许鹏,魏长柱,等.张性断裂带内部结构特征及与油气运移和保存[J].地学前缘,2012,19(6):200-212.FU Xiaofei,XU Peng,WEI Changzhu,et al.Internal structure of normal fault zone and hydrocarbon migration and conservation[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(6):200-212.
    [25]KIM Y S D J,SANDERSON.The relationship between displacement and length of faults:A review[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2005,68(3):317-334.
    [26]WALSH J J,NICOL A,CHILDS C.An alternative model for the growth of faults[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2002,24:1669-1675.
    [27]PEACOCK D C P,SANDERSON,D J.Displacements,segment linkage and relay ramps in normal fault zones[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1991,13(6):721-733.
    [28]CARTWRIGHT J A,TRUDGILL B D,MANSFIELD C S.Fault growth by segment linkage:an explanation for scatter in maximum displacement and trace length data from the Canyonlands Grabens of SE Utah[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1995,17(9):1319-1326.
    [29]GAWTHORPE R L,J M HURST.Transfer zones in extensional basins:Their structural style and influence on drainage development and stratigraphy[J].Geological Society,1993,150:1137-1152
    [30]BOSWORTH W.Geometry of propagating continental rifts[J].Nature,1985,316:625-627.
    [31]MORLEY C K,NELSON R A,PATTON T L,et al.Transfer zones in the East African rift system and their relevance to hydrocarbon exploration in rifts[J].AAPG Bulletin,1990,74(8):1234-1253.
    [32]NELSON R A.PATTON T L,MORLEY C K.Riftsegment interaction and its relation to hydrocarbon exploration in continental rift systems[J].AAPG Bulletin,1992,76(8):1153-1169.
    [33]刘哲,吕延防,孙永河,等.同生断裂分段生长特征及其石油地质意义:以辽河西部凹陷鸳鸯沟断裂为例[J].中国矿业大学学报,2012,41(5):793-799.LIU Zhe,LYU Yanfang,SUN Yonghe,et al.Characteris and significance of syngenetic fault segmentation in hydrocarbon accumulation:an example of Yuanyanggou fault in western sag,Liaohe depression[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2012,41(5):793-799.
    [34]ANDERS M H,SCHLISCHE R W.Overlapping faults,intrabasin highs,and the growth of normal faults[J].Journal of Geology,1994,102:165-180.
    [35]EBINGER C J,JACKSON J A,FOSTER A N,et al.Extensional basin geometry and the elastic lithosphere[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London.Series A:Mathematical,Physical and Engineering Sciences,1999,357(1753):741-765.
    [36]MORLEY C K.Patterns of displacement along large normal faults:implications for basin evolution and fault propagation,based on examples from east Africa[J].AAPG Bulletin,1999,83(4):613-634.
    [37]CHRIS K,MORLEY.Evolution of large normal faults:Evidence from seismic reflection data[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(6):961-978.
    [38]PEACOCK D C P.Displacements and segment linkage in strike-slip fault zones[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1991,13(9):1025-1035.
    [39]TRUDGILL B,CARTWRIGHT J.Relay ramp forms and normal-fault linkages,Canyonlands National Park,Utah[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1994,106(9):1143-1157.
    [40]CARTWRIGHT,J ATRUDGILL B D,MANSFIELD C.S.Fault growth by segment linkage:an explanation for scatter in maximum displacement and trace length data from the Canyonlands Grabens of SE Utah[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1995,17(9):1319-1326.
    [41]YANG Minghai,ZHOU Xinhuai,WEI Gong,et al.Segment,linkage,and extensional fault-related fold in western Liaodong Bay subbasin,Northeastern Bohai Sea,China[J].Journal of China University of Geosciences,2008,19(6):602-610.
    [42]王海学,吕延防,付晓飞,等.裂陷盆地转换带形成演化及其控藏机理[J].地质科技情报,2013,32(4):102-110.WANG Haixue,LYU Yanfang,FU Xiaofei,et al.Formation,evolution and reservoir-controlling mechanism of relay zone in rift basin[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2013,32(4):102-110.
    [43]FOSSEN H.Structural geology[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,2010:119-185.
    [44]BARNETT J A M,MORTIMER J,RIPPON J H,et al.Displacement geometry in the volume containing a single normal fault[J].AAPG Bulletin,1987,71(8):925-937.
    [45]SCHLISCHE R W.Geometry and origin of fault-related folds in extensional settings[J].AAPG Bulletin,1995,79(11):1661-1678.
    [46]JACKSON C A L,GAWTHORPE R O B L,SHARP I A N R.Growth and linkage of the East Tanka fault zone,Suez rift:structural style and synrift stratigraphic response[J].Journal of the Geological Society,2002,159(2):175-187.
    [47]FU Xiaofei,CHEN Zhe,YAN Baiquan,et al.Analysis of main controlling factors for hydrocarbon accumulation in central rift zones of the Hailar-Tamtsag Basin using a fault-caprock dual control mode[J].Science China Earth Sciences,2013,56(8):1357-1370.
    [48]DAVID M D,TRUDGILLl B D.Four-dimensional analysis of the Sembo relay system,offshore Angola:Implications for fault growth in salt-detached settings[J].AAPG Bulletin,2009,93(6):763-794.
    [49]CHAPMAN T J,MENEILLY A W.The displacement patterns associated with a reverse-reactivated,normal growth fault[J].Geological Society,London,Special Publications,1991,56(1):183-191.
    [50]CHILDS C,EASTON S J,VENDEVILLE B C,et al.Kinematic analysis of faults in a physical model of growth faulting above a viscous salt analogue[J].Tectonophysics,1993,228(3):313-329.
    [51]ROWAN M G,HART B S,NELSON S,et al.Three-dimensional geometry and evolution of a saltrelated growth-fault array:Eugene Island 330field,offshore Louisiana,Gulf of Mexico[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1998,17:309-328.
    [52]XU Shunshan,NIET-SAMANIEGO A F,LI Dongxu.Relationship between fault length and maximum displacement and influenced factors[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2004,11(4):567-573.
    [53]ACOCELLA V,GUDMUNDSSON A,FUNICIELLO R.Interaction and linkage of extension fractures and normal faults:examples from rift zone ofIceland[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2000,22(9):1233-1246.
    [54]ACOCELLA V,MORVILLO P,FUNICIELLO R.What controls relay ramps and transfer faults within rift zones?Insights from analogue models[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2005,27(3):397-408.
    [55]SOLIVA R,BENEDICTO A.A linkage criterion for segmented normal faults[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2004,26(12):2251-2267.
    [56]SOLIVA R,BENEDICTO A,SCHULTZ R A,et al.Displacement and interaction of normal fault segments branched at depth:Implications for fault growth and potential earthquake rupture size[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2008,30(10):1288-1299.
    [57]HUS R,ACOCELLAB V,FUNICIELLOB R,et al.Sandbox models of relay ramp structure and evolution[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2005,27(3):459-473.
    [58]AN L.Maximum link distance between strike-slip faults:observations and constraints[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,1997,150(1):19-36.
    [59]王海学,吕延防,付晓飞,等.断裂质量校正及其在油气勘探开发中的应用[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,43(3):482-490.WANG Haixue,LYU Yanfang,FU Xiaofei,et al.Fault qualigy corretion and its role in the oil and gas exploration and development[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2014,43(3):482-490.
    [60]COWIE P A,GUPTA S,DAWERS N H.Implications of fault array evolution for synrift depocentre development:insights from a numerical fault growth model[J].Basin Research,2000,12(3-4):241-261.
    [61]SCHLISCHE R W,OLSEN P E.Quantitative filling model for continental extensional basins with applications to early Mesozoic rifts of eastern North America[J].The Journal of Geology,1990:135-155.
    [62]GAWTHORPE R L,LEEDER M R.Tectono-sedimentary evolution of active extensional basins[J].Basin Research,2000,12(3-4):195-218.
    [63]漆家福.裂陷盆地中的构造变换带及其石油地质意义[J].海相油气地质.2007,12(4):43-50.QI Jiafu.Structural transfer zones and significance for hydrocarbon accumulation in rifting basins[J].Marne Origin Petroleum Geology,2007,12(4):43-50.
    [64]YOUNG M J,GAWTHORPE R L,SHARP I R.Sedimentology and stratigraphy of a transfer zone coarse-grained delta,Miocene Suez rift,Egypt[J].Sedimentology,2000,47:1081-1104.

版权所有:© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心