塔里木盆地中部阿—满低梁带断裂构造分析
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摘要
塔里木盆地北部坳陷中部存在一个北东—南西方向的下古生界的(鞍状)低梁带(阿—满低梁带)。它是阿瓦提凹陷和满加尔凹陷之间的天然分界,以此低梁带的脊线划分出两个凹陷。以三维地震资料解释为依据,本文研究了阿—满低梁带的断裂构造特征。研究区主要发育4期断裂构造:1)南华纪—奥陶纪的正断层与罗迪尼亚超大陆的裂解有关,并可进一步划分为南华纪—震旦纪和寒武纪—奥陶纪两个断裂活动阶段。南华纪—震旦纪正断层的成因是罗迪尼亚超大陆的裂解作用,形成堑垒构造;寒武纪—奥陶纪正断层的成因是塔里木自罗迪尼亚超大陆裂解出来后,游离于古特提斯洋所处的区域性弱伸展构造背景,形成负花状构造。2)晚奥陶世—中志留世断层包括晚奥陶世—志留纪初的滑脱—冲断构造和早-中志留世的挤压走滑断裂,形成断层传播褶皱和正花状构造。其形成的动力来源是昆仑加里东碰撞造山作用。3)晚志留世—石炭纪正断层是昆仑加里东碰撞造山后构造应力松弛阶段的产物,形成典型的负花状构造,组合成雁列状张扭性断层带。4)二叠纪正断层是大陆裂谷作用的结果,往往受相关岩浆作用的改造。剖面上形成堑垒构造和负花状构造,平面上组合成雁列状张扭性断层带。二叠纪断裂与晚志留世—石炭纪的断裂可能有继承关系。
There is a NE-SW extend saddle-shaped lower ridge between Awati and Manjiaer sags,central Tarim Basin.It is proposed as the separate boundary between these two sags.The faults of this ridge are studied on the basis of 3D seismic data interpretation.The faults development in the ridge are classified into 4 stages:1) Nanhua-Ordovician normal faults are related to the breakup of Rodinia supercontinent,and can be further divided into 2 sub-stages,NanhuaSinian and Cambrian-Ordovician.Nanhua-Sinian normal faults directly related to the breakup of Rodinia,forming graben-horst structures.Cambrian-Ordovician normal fault were formed under the gentle extensional background of Tarim wandering in paleo-Tethys.These faults usually form negative flower structure.2) Terminal Ordovician-Middle Silurian faults composed of terminal Ordovician-beginning Silurian detachment-thrust faults and compressive strike slip faults,forming fault-propagation fold and flower structure.The faults of this stage is related to the Kunlun Caledonian collisional orogeny.3) Late Silurian-Carboniferous normal faults form typical negative flower-structure and usually group into transtensional fault zones.The formation of this stage normal fault is associated with the stress relaxation after Kunlun Caledonian collisional orogeny.4) Permian normal faults were formed under the continental-rifting background of Tarim,and often deformed by the rift-related magmation.Permian normal faults usually group into graben-horst structure and negative flower structure,and form transtensional fault zones.Some Permian faults may inherit the Late Silurian-Carboniferous faults.
There is a NE-SW extend saddle-shaped lower ridge between Awati and Manjiaer sags,central Tarim Basin.It is proposed as the separate boundary between these two sags.The faults of this ridge are studied on the basis of 3D seismic data interpretation.The faults development in the ridge are classified into 4 stages:1) Nanhua-Ordovician normal faults are related to the breakup of Rodinia supercontinent,and can be further divided into 2 sub-stages,NanhuaSinian and Cambrian-Ordovician.Nanhua-Sinian normal faults directly related to the breakup of Rodinia,forming graben-horst structures.Cambrian-Ordovician normal fault were formed under the gentle extensional background of Tarim wandering in paleo-Tethys.These faults usually form negative flower structure.2) Terminal Ordovician-Middle Silurian faults composed of terminal Ordovician-beginning Silurian detachment-thrust faults and compressive strike slip faults,forming fault-propagation fold and flower structure.The faults of this stage is related to the Kunlun Caledonian collisional orogeny.3) Late Silurian-Carboniferous normal faults form typical negative flower-structure and usually group into transtensional fault zones.The formation of this stage normal fault is associated with the stress relaxation after Kunlun Caledonian collisional orogeny.4) Permian normal faults were formed under the continental-rifting background of Tarim,and often deformed by the rift-related magmation.Permian normal faults usually group into graben-horst structure and negative flower structure,and form transtensional fault zones.Some Permian faults may inherit the Late Silurian-Carboniferous faults.
引文
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李曰俊,吴根耀,孟庆龙等.2008a.塔里木盆地中央地区的断裂系统:几何学、运动学和动力学背景.地质科学,43(1):82—118.Li Yuejun,Wu Genyao,Meng Qinglong et al.2008a.Fault systems in central area of the Tarim Basin:Geometry,kinematics and dynamic settings.Chinese Journal of Geology,43(1):82—118.
李曰俊,吴根耀,孟庆龙等.2008b.塔里木西部地区古生代断裂活动的方式和机制.地质科学,43(4):727—745.Li Yuejun,Wu Genyao,Meng Qinglong et al.2008b.Active modes and mechanisms of the Paleozoic faultings in western Tarim.Chinese Journal of Geology,43(4):727—745.
李曰俊,吴根耀,雷刚林等.2008c.新疆库车新生代前陆褶皱冲断带的变形特征、时代和机制.地质科学,43(3):488—506.Li Yuejun,Wu Genyao,Lei Ganglin et al.2008c.Deformational features,ages and mechanism of the Cenozoic Kuqa foreland fold-and-thrust belt in Xinjiang.Chinese Journal of Geology,43(3):488—506.
李曰俊,杨海军,赵岩等.2009.南天山区域大地构造与演化.大地构造与成矿学,33(1):96—106.Li Yuejun,Yang Haijun,Zhao Yan et al.2009.Tectonic framework and evolution of South Tianshan,NW China.Geotectonic et Metallogenia,33(1):96—106.
李曰俊,张洪安,钱一雄等.2010.关于南天山碰撞造山时代的讨论.地质科学,45(1):57—65.Li Yuejun,Zhang Hongan,Qian Yixiong et al.2010.The collision time of South Tianshan orogen,NW China.Chinese Journal of Geology,45(1):57—65.
李曰俊,杨海军,张光亚等.2012.重新划分塔里木盆地塔北隆起的次级构造单元.岩石学报,2s(8):2466—1478.Li Yuejun,Yang Haijun,Zhang Guangya et al.2012.Redivision of the tectonic units of Tabei rise in Tarim Basin,NW China.Acta Petrologica Sinica,28(8):2466—1478.
李曰俊,孙龙德,杨海军等.2013.塔里木盆地阿瓦提凹陷周缘的晚新生代张扭性断层带.地质科学,48(1):109—123.Li Yuejun,Sun Longde,Yang Haijun et al.2013.The Late Cenozoic tensor-shear fault zones around Awati Sag,NW Tarim Basin.Chinese Journal of Geology,48(1):109—123.
刘亚雷,胡秀芳,黄智斌等.2012.塔里木盆地塔北隆起西部火山岩~(40)Ar—~(39)Ar年代学和地球化学特征.岩石学报,28(8):2423—2434.Liu Yalei,Hu Xiufang,Huang Zhibin et al.2012.Ar-Ar geochronology and geochemistry of the volcanic rocks from the west segment of Tabei rise,Tarim Basin.Acta Petrologica Siniea,28(8):2423—2434.
刘亚雷,杨海军,齐英敏等.2013.塔里木盆地吐木休克构造带断裂构造分析.地质科学,48(1):124—132.Liu Yalei,Yang Haijun,Qi Yingmin et al.2013.Tectonic analysis on Tumuxiuke fault belt in the western Tarim Basin.Chinese Journal of Geology,48(1):124—132.
卢华复,贾东,陈楚铭等.1999.库车新生代构造性质和变形时间.地学前缘,6(4):215—220.Lu Huafu,Jia Dong,Chen Churning et al.1999.Nature and timing of the Kuqa Cenozoic structures.Earth Science Frontiers,6(4):215—220.
罗俊成,李曰俊,雷刚林.2000.巴楚断隆火成岩研究.见:王福同主编.第三届天山地质矿产资源学术讨论会论文集.乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社.475—482.Luo Juncheng,Li Yuejun and Lei Ganglin.2000.The igneous rocks in Bachu fault uplift.In:Wang Futong(Ed.).Collection of the Papers Presented at the 3~(rd)Tianshan Symposium on Geology and Mineral Resources.Crumqi:Xinjiang People's Publishing House.475—482.
孟庆龙,李曰俊,师骏等.2008a.塔里木盆地西部色力布亚断裂和康西断裂的主要特征及活动时代.地质科学,43(2):282—293.Meng Qinglong,Li Yuejun,Shi Jun et al.2008a.Main characters and active ages of the Serikbuya and Kangxi faults in the western Tarim Basin.Chinese Journal of Geology,43(2):282—293.
孟庆龙,李曰俊,师骏等.2008b.塔里木盆地西部巴什托普断裂的主要特征及其油气勘探意义.地质科学,43(3):569—575.Meng Qinglong,Li Yuejun,Shi Jun et al.2008.Main characteristics of the Bashituopu fault and its petroleum potential in the western Tarim Basin.Chinese Journal of Geology,43(3):569—575.
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