余震活动机理研究综述
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摘要
从介质和应力的不均匀性、力学加载、流体侵入及应力腐蚀、速率-状态依从等几方面对余震活动机理研究进行综述。已有的研究表明,介质和应力的不均匀性是余震产生的基本前提。瞬时蠕变和余滑观点能够从力学的角度解释震后极短时间内余震的快速衰减,而应力松弛过程更有利于解释长时期的余震活动特征。流体侵入及应力腐蚀在一定条件下控制着余震的演化过程。受主震应力扰动影响的断层间的相互作用,始终存在于余震的活动过程之中。各类模型和理论解释都在努力寻求与G-R关系和修改的大森公式这两个统计地震学基本关系的一致性。
In this paper, research of aftershock mechanism is reviewed, including heterogeneity of medium and stress, mechanical loading, fluid intrusion and stress corrosion, rate-state dependence. Previous studies have indicated that the heterogeneity of media and stress is the basic premise of aftershocks generated. From the point view of mechanics, transient creep and afterslip can explain the decay of aftershocks in a short time after a main shock and the relaxation of stress tend to interpret the characteristics of long-term aftershocks. Fluid intrusion and stress corrosion control the evolution process of the aftershocks under certain conditions. The interaction between the faults disturbed by the main shock always exists during the aftershock activities. All kinds of models and the theories want to comply with the two basis power-law relationship——the G-R relationship and Omori formula to some extent.
In this paper, research of aftershock mechanism is reviewed, including heterogeneity of medium and stress, mechanical loading, fluid intrusion and stress corrosion, rate-state dependence. Previous studies have indicated that the heterogeneity of media and stress is the basic premise of aftershocks generated. From the point view of mechanics, transient creep and afterslip can explain the decay of aftershocks in a short time after a main shock and the relaxation of stress tend to interpret the characteristics of long-term aftershocks. Fluid intrusion and stress corrosion control the evolution process of the aftershocks under certain conditions. The interaction between the faults disturbed by the main shock always exists during the aftershock activities. All kinds of models and the theories want to comply with the two basis power-law relationship——the G-R relationship and Omori formula to some extent.
引文
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