数字地震台网中的深低频脉动观测?
|
摘要
深低频脉动(Deep Low Frequency Tremor,即LFT)的观测近年来引起地震科学界的关注,相关的观测和研究在地震机理和地震预测预报的探索中显示出重要的应用价值。随着中国数字地震观测网络的建设和完善,通过常规地震观测对板块内部和碰撞型板块边界地区LFT是否存在、(如果存在则)是否具有普遍性、是否与间歇性地震脉动与滑动(Epidemic Tremor and Slip,即ETS)相联系等问题进行系统的调查研究,在技术上已逐步成为可能。为此,本文讨论了目前用数字地震观测系统进行LFT观测的现状和方法,并对将LFT的系统调查引入中国数字地震观测系统的常规观测提出操作建议。
Observation and study of deep low frequency tremor (LFT) have drawn much attention in earthquake science in recent years, and its importance in the study of seismogenesis and earthquake prediction/forecast is increasing. With the construction and improvement of the digital seismological observation system in China, systematic investigation of LFT can be technically feasible, answering the questions whether they exist in collision plate boundary zones and/or intra-plate continents, whether they are related to the epidemic tremor and slip (ETS) events, and whether they have generality in geographic distribution. Reviewing the state-of-the-art of the observation and study of LFT and the methodology for seismological networks to detect and identify LFT on routine basis, this paper proposes plans for the long-term, large-scale, and systematic investigation of LFT using the newly established digital seismograph networks in China.
Observation and study of deep low frequency tremor (LFT) have drawn much attention in earthquake science in recent years, and its importance in the study of seismogenesis and earthquake prediction/forecast is increasing. With the construction and improvement of the digital seismological observation system in China, systematic investigation of LFT can be technically feasible, answering the questions whether they exist in collision plate boundary zones and/or intra-plate continents, whether they are related to the epidemic tremor and slip (ETS) events, and whether they have generality in geographic distribution. Reviewing the state-of-the-art of the observation and study of LFT and the methodology for seismological networks to detect and identify LFT on routine basis, this paper proposes plans for the long-term, large-scale, and systematic investigation of LFT using the newly established digital seismograph networks in China.
引文
[1]Yao Xuerong,Wu Zhongliang,Zou Liye et al.,2007,Fromanalogue to digital:the digital seismology of digital seismographnetworks.In:China National Report on Seismology and Physics of the Earth s Interior(2003~2006),http://www.iugg.org.cn/report2003-2006/IASPEI.htm
[2]Liu Rui-feng,Yin Chao-min,Wu Zhong-liang et al.,2007,Development of China s Digital Seismological ObservationSystem.In:China National Report on Seismology and Physics of the Earth s Interior(2003~2006),http://www.iugg.org.cn/report2003-2006/IASPEI.htm
[3]Mori J.,2006,Observations and mechanismsfor continuoustremor andlow-frequency eventsinsubductionzones,EOS Trans,87(52),Fall Meet,Suppl,Abstract T54A-05.
[4]Frassetto A.,Gilbert H.,Beck S.et al.,2005,Episodic tremor and slip andthe alteration of the Juan de Fuca subductioninterface,a feasibility study of time dependent teleseismic receiver functions,EOS Trans,86(52),Fall Meet,Suppl,Abstract T33B-0536.
[5]Gomberg J.,Pratt T.,and Bodin P.,2006,Testing physical models of episodic tremor and slip with earthquake and creepdata,EOS Trans,87(52),Fall Meet,Suppl,Abstract T41A-1542.
[6]Delahaye E.J.,Townend J.,Reyners M.E.et al.,2006,Seismic tremor and small earthquakes associated with slowslipinthe Hikurangi Subduction Zone,NewZealand,EOS Trans,87(52),Fall Meet,Suppl,Abstract T41A-1548.
[7]Nakamula S.,Takeo M.,and Obara K.,2005,The frequency structure and characteristics of the deeplowfrequencytremorin Western Shikoku region,Southwest Japan,EOS Trans,86(52),Fall Meet,Suppl,Abstract S33A-0293.
[8]Yu H.,Shen Z.,Wang Y.et al.,2006,Slowslip events detected in the hypocentral area days before the2001Mw7.8Kokoxili earthquake,western China,EOS Trans,87(36),WPGMSuppl,Abstract T22A-02.
[9]Beroza G.C.,2007,Deep tremor as a focus of earthquake forecasting research,EOS Trans,88(52),Fall Meet,Suppl,Abstract S32B-03.
10Pratt T.L.,2006,Do episodic tremor andslip(ETS)events affect seismicityinthe Northern Cascadia subductionzone?EOSTrans,87(52),Fall Meet,Suppl,Abstract T54A-04.
11Gallego A.,Russo R.M.,Comte D.et al.,2006,Non-volcanic seismic tremor in the Chile triple junction region,EOSTrans,87(52),Fall Meet,Suppl,Abstract T54A-02.
王迪晋、李正媛、吕品姬,2007,慢地震研究综述,大地测量与地球动力学,27,21~25。
王阎昭、沈正康,2007,慢滑移及相关脉动和慢地震研究的历史和现状,中国地震,23(1),1~9。
吴忠良,2001,地震学中的“暗物质”——“静地震”与地震预测研究的未来,国际地震动态,第9期,1~5。
杨又陵、赵根模、高国英等,2003,2001年11月14日昆仑山口西M8.1地震前的缓慢地震事件,国际地震动态,第9期,1~4。
张晁军、石耀霖、马丽,2005,慢地震研究中的一些问题,中国科学院研究生院学报,22(3),258~269。
赵根模、杨港生、陈化然,2001,寂静的前震与地震预测,地震,21(1),70~77。
周硕愚、施顺英、宋永厚等,1996,鲜水河断裂带现今断层运动短周期事件的发现与初步研究,地壳形变与地震,16(4),1~8。
Beroza G.C.,Jordan T.H.,1990,Searchingfor slowand silent earthquakes usingfree oscillations,J.Geophys.Res.,95,2485~2510.
Chen W.-P.,Brudzinski M.R.,2005,Repeating earthquake,episodic tremor and slip:Emerging pattern in complex earthquakecycles?Complexity,12(5),33~43.
Hirose H.,Obara K.,2005,Repeatingshort-andlong-termslowslipevents with deeptremor activityaroundthe Bungo Channel region,southwest Japan.Earth Planets Space,57:961~972.
Ide S.D.,Shelly D.R.,Beroza G.C.,2007a,Mechanismof deep lowfrequency earthquakes:further evidence that deep non-volcanic tremor is generated by shear slip onthe plate interface.Geophys.Res.Lett.,34,L03308,doi:10.1029/2006GL028890.
Ide S.,Beroza G.C.,Shelly D.R.,Uchide T.,2007b,Ascalinglawfor slowearthquakes.Nature,447,76~79.
Ito Y.,Obara K.,Shiomi K.,Sekine S.,Hirose H.,2007,Slowearthquakes coincident with episodic tremors and slowslip events.Science,315,503~506.
Kao H.,Shan S.-J.,2004,The source-scanningalgorithm:mappingthe distribution of seismic sourcesintime andspace.Geophys.J.Int.,157,589~594.
Kao H.,Shan S.-J.,Dragert H.et al.,2005,A wide depth distribution of seismic tremors along the northern Cascadia margin.Nature,436,841~844.
Kao H.,Shan S.-J.,Dragert H.et al.,2006,Spatialtemporal patterns of seismic tremors in northern Cascadia,J.Geophys.Res.,111,B03309,doi:10.1029/2005JB003727.
Kao H.,Thompson P.J.,Rogers C.et al.,2007,Automatic detection and characterization of seismic tremors in northern Cascadia.Geophys.Res.Lett.,34,L16313,doi:10.1029/2007GL030822.
La Rocca M.,McCausland W.,Galluzzo D.et al.,2005,Array measurements of deeptremor signalsinthe Cascadia subductionzone.Geophys.Res.Lett.,32,L21319,doi:10.1029/2005GL023974.
McCausland W.,Malone S.,Johnson D.,2005,Temporal and spatial occurrence of deep non-volcanic tremor:From Washington tonorthern California.Geophys.Res.Lett.,32,L24311,doi:10.1029/2005GL024349.
Miyazawa M.,Mori J.,2005,Detection of triggered deeplow-frequency events fromthe2003Tokachi-oki earthquake.Geophys.Res.Lett.,32,L10307,doi:10.1029/2005GL022539.
Miyazawa M.,Mori J.,2006,Evidence suggestingfluidflowbeneath Japan due to periodic seismic triggering fromthe2004Sumatra-Andaman earthquake,Geophys.Res.Lett.,33,L05303,doi:10.1029/2005GL025087.
Miyazawa M.,Brodsky E.E.,2008,Deeplow-frequencytremor that correlates with passing surface waves.J.Geophys.Res.,113,B01307,doi:10.1029/2006JB004890.
Nadeau R.M.,Dolenc D.,2005,Nonvolcanic tremors deep beneaththe San Andreas Fault.Science,307,389.
Obara K.,2002,Nonvolcanic deeptremor associated with subductionin southwest Japan.Science,296,1679~1681.
Obara K.,Hirose H.,2006,Non-volcanic deeplowfrequencytremors accompanyingslowslipsinthe southwest Japansubductionzone.Tectonophysics,417,33~51.
Obara K.,Hirose H.,Yamamizu F.et al.,2004,Episodic slowslip events accompanied by non-volcanic tremors in southwest Japansubduction zone.Geophys.Res.Lett.,31,L23602,doi:10.1029/2004GL020848.
Ohmi S.,Obara K.,2002,Deeplow-frequency earthquakes beneaththe focal region of theMw6.72000Western Tottori earthquake.Geophys.Res.Lett.,29,1807,doi:10.1029/2001GL014469.
Rogers G.,Dragert H.,2003,Episodic tremor andslip onthe Cascadia subductionzone:the chatter of silent slip.Science,300,1942~1943.
Royle G.T.,Calvert A.J.,Kao H.,2006,Observations of non-volcanic tremor during the northern Cascadia slow-slip event inFebruary2002,Geophys.Res.Lett.,33,L18313,doi:10.1029/2006GL027316.
Rubinstein J.L.,Vidale J.E.,GombergJ.et al.,2007,Non-volcanic tremor driven bylarge transient shear stresses.Nature,448,579~582.
Rubinstein J.L.,La Rocca M.,Vidale J.E.et al.,2008,Tidal modulation of nonvolcanic tremor.Science,319,186~189.
Sacks I.S.,Suyehiro S.,Linde A.T.,Snoke J.A.,1978,Slowearthquakes and stress redistribution.Nature,275,599~602.
Schwartz S.Y.,Rokosky J.M.,2007,Slowslip events and seismic tremor at Circum-Pacific subduction zones.Rev.Geophys.,45,RG3004,doi:10.1029/2006RG000208.
Shelly D.R.,Beroza G.C.,Ide S.et al.,2006,Low-frequency earthquakes in Shikoku,Japan,and their relationship to episodictremor and slip.Nature,442,188~191.
Shelly D.R.,Beroza G.C.,Ide S.et al.,2007,Non-volcanic tremor and lowfrequency earthquake swarms.Nature,446,305~307.
Szeliga W.,Melbourne T.I.,Miller M.M.et al.,2004,Southern Cascadia episodic slowearthquakes.Geophys.Res.Lett.,31,L16602,doi:10.1029/2004GL020824.
Takeo M.,Ueda H.,Okabe Y.et al.,2006,Waveformcharacteristics of deeplow-frequency earthquakes:time-series evolution basedonthe theory of the KM2O-Langevin equation.Geophys.J.Int.,165,87~107.
Watanabe T.,Hiramatsu Y.,Obara K.,2007,Scaling relationship between the duration and the amplitude of non-volcanic deep lowfrequencytremors.Geophys.Res.Lett.,34,L07305,doi:10.1029/2007GL029391.
Wech A.G.,Creager K.C.,2007,Cascadiatremor polarization evidencefor plateinterface slip.Geophys.Res.Lett.,34,L22306,doi:10.1029/2007GL031167.
[2]Liu Rui-feng,Yin Chao-min,Wu Zhong-liang et al.,2007,Development of China s Digital Seismological ObservationSystem.In:China National Report on Seismology and Physics of the Earth s Interior(2003~2006),http://www.iugg.org.cn/report2003-2006/IASPEI.htm
[3]Mori J.,2006,Observations and mechanismsfor continuoustremor andlow-frequency eventsinsubductionzones,EOS Trans,87(52),Fall Meet,Suppl,Abstract T54A-05.
[4]Frassetto A.,Gilbert H.,Beck S.et al.,2005,Episodic tremor and slip andthe alteration of the Juan de Fuca subductioninterface,a feasibility study of time dependent teleseismic receiver functions,EOS Trans,86(52),Fall Meet,Suppl,Abstract T33B-0536.
[5]Gomberg J.,Pratt T.,and Bodin P.,2006,Testing physical models of episodic tremor and slip with earthquake and creepdata,EOS Trans,87(52),Fall Meet,Suppl,Abstract T41A-1542.
[6]Delahaye E.J.,Townend J.,Reyners M.E.et al.,2006,Seismic tremor and small earthquakes associated with slowslipinthe Hikurangi Subduction Zone,NewZealand,EOS Trans,87(52),Fall Meet,Suppl,Abstract T41A-1548.
[7]Nakamula S.,Takeo M.,and Obara K.,2005,The frequency structure and characteristics of the deeplowfrequencytremorin Western Shikoku region,Southwest Japan,EOS Trans,86(52),Fall Meet,Suppl,Abstract S33A-0293.
[8]Yu H.,Shen Z.,Wang Y.et al.,2006,Slowslip events detected in the hypocentral area days before the2001Mw7.8Kokoxili earthquake,western China,EOS Trans,87(36),WPGMSuppl,Abstract T22A-02.
[9]Beroza G.C.,2007,Deep tremor as a focus of earthquake forecasting research,EOS Trans,88(52),Fall Meet,Suppl,Abstract S32B-03.
10Pratt T.L.,2006,Do episodic tremor andslip(ETS)events affect seismicityinthe Northern Cascadia subductionzone?EOSTrans,87(52),Fall Meet,Suppl,Abstract T54A-04.
11Gallego A.,Russo R.M.,Comte D.et al.,2006,Non-volcanic seismic tremor in the Chile triple junction region,EOSTrans,87(52),Fall Meet,Suppl,Abstract T54A-02.
王迪晋、李正媛、吕品姬,2007,慢地震研究综述,大地测量与地球动力学,27,21~25。
王阎昭、沈正康,2007,慢滑移及相关脉动和慢地震研究的历史和现状,中国地震,23(1),1~9。
吴忠良,2001,地震学中的“暗物质”——“静地震”与地震预测研究的未来,国际地震动态,第9期,1~5。
杨又陵、赵根模、高国英等,2003,2001年11月14日昆仑山口西M8.1地震前的缓慢地震事件,国际地震动态,第9期,1~4。
张晁军、石耀霖、马丽,2005,慢地震研究中的一些问题,中国科学院研究生院学报,22(3),258~269。
赵根模、杨港生、陈化然,2001,寂静的前震与地震预测,地震,21(1),70~77。
周硕愚、施顺英、宋永厚等,1996,鲜水河断裂带现今断层运动短周期事件的发现与初步研究,地壳形变与地震,16(4),1~8。
Beroza G.C.,Jordan T.H.,1990,Searchingfor slowand silent earthquakes usingfree oscillations,J.Geophys.Res.,95,2485~2510.
Chen W.-P.,Brudzinski M.R.,2005,Repeating earthquake,episodic tremor and slip:Emerging pattern in complex earthquakecycles?Complexity,12(5),33~43.
Hirose H.,Obara K.,2005,Repeatingshort-andlong-termslowslipevents with deeptremor activityaroundthe Bungo Channel region,southwest Japan.Earth Planets Space,57:961~972.
Ide S.D.,Shelly D.R.,Beroza G.C.,2007a,Mechanismof deep lowfrequency earthquakes:further evidence that deep non-volcanic tremor is generated by shear slip onthe plate interface.Geophys.Res.Lett.,34,L03308,doi:10.1029/2006GL028890.
Ide S.,Beroza G.C.,Shelly D.R.,Uchide T.,2007b,Ascalinglawfor slowearthquakes.Nature,447,76~79.
Ito Y.,Obara K.,Shiomi K.,Sekine S.,Hirose H.,2007,Slowearthquakes coincident with episodic tremors and slowslip events.Science,315,503~506.
Kao H.,Shan S.-J.,2004,The source-scanningalgorithm:mappingthe distribution of seismic sourcesintime andspace.Geophys.J.Int.,157,589~594.
Kao H.,Shan S.-J.,Dragert H.et al.,2005,A wide depth distribution of seismic tremors along the northern Cascadia margin.Nature,436,841~844.
Kao H.,Shan S.-J.,Dragert H.et al.,2006,Spatialtemporal patterns of seismic tremors in northern Cascadia,J.Geophys.Res.,111,B03309,doi:10.1029/2005JB003727.
Kao H.,Thompson P.J.,Rogers C.et al.,2007,Automatic detection and characterization of seismic tremors in northern Cascadia.Geophys.Res.Lett.,34,L16313,doi:10.1029/2007GL030822.
La Rocca M.,McCausland W.,Galluzzo D.et al.,2005,Array measurements of deeptremor signalsinthe Cascadia subductionzone.Geophys.Res.Lett.,32,L21319,doi:10.1029/2005GL023974.
McCausland W.,Malone S.,Johnson D.,2005,Temporal and spatial occurrence of deep non-volcanic tremor:From Washington tonorthern California.Geophys.Res.Lett.,32,L24311,doi:10.1029/2005GL024349.
Miyazawa M.,Mori J.,2005,Detection of triggered deeplow-frequency events fromthe2003Tokachi-oki earthquake.Geophys.Res.Lett.,32,L10307,doi:10.1029/2005GL022539.
Miyazawa M.,Mori J.,2006,Evidence suggestingfluidflowbeneath Japan due to periodic seismic triggering fromthe2004Sumatra-Andaman earthquake,Geophys.Res.Lett.,33,L05303,doi:10.1029/2005GL025087.
Miyazawa M.,Brodsky E.E.,2008,Deeplow-frequencytremor that correlates with passing surface waves.J.Geophys.Res.,113,B01307,doi:10.1029/2006JB004890.
Nadeau R.M.,Dolenc D.,2005,Nonvolcanic tremors deep beneaththe San Andreas Fault.Science,307,389.
Obara K.,2002,Nonvolcanic deeptremor associated with subductionin southwest Japan.Science,296,1679~1681.
Obara K.,Hirose H.,2006,Non-volcanic deeplowfrequencytremors accompanyingslowslipsinthe southwest Japansubductionzone.Tectonophysics,417,33~51.
Obara K.,Hirose H.,Yamamizu F.et al.,2004,Episodic slowslip events accompanied by non-volcanic tremors in southwest Japansubduction zone.Geophys.Res.Lett.,31,L23602,doi:10.1029/2004GL020848.
Ohmi S.,Obara K.,2002,Deeplow-frequency earthquakes beneaththe focal region of theMw6.72000Western Tottori earthquake.Geophys.Res.Lett.,29,1807,doi:10.1029/2001GL014469.
Rogers G.,Dragert H.,2003,Episodic tremor andslip onthe Cascadia subductionzone:the chatter of silent slip.Science,300,1942~1943.
Royle G.T.,Calvert A.J.,Kao H.,2006,Observations of non-volcanic tremor during the northern Cascadia slow-slip event inFebruary2002,Geophys.Res.Lett.,33,L18313,doi:10.1029/2006GL027316.
Rubinstein J.L.,Vidale J.E.,GombergJ.et al.,2007,Non-volcanic tremor driven bylarge transient shear stresses.Nature,448,579~582.
Rubinstein J.L.,La Rocca M.,Vidale J.E.et al.,2008,Tidal modulation of nonvolcanic tremor.Science,319,186~189.
Sacks I.S.,Suyehiro S.,Linde A.T.,Snoke J.A.,1978,Slowearthquakes and stress redistribution.Nature,275,599~602.
Schwartz S.Y.,Rokosky J.M.,2007,Slowslip events and seismic tremor at Circum-Pacific subduction zones.Rev.Geophys.,45,RG3004,doi:10.1029/2006RG000208.
Shelly D.R.,Beroza G.C.,Ide S.et al.,2006,Low-frequency earthquakes in Shikoku,Japan,and their relationship to episodictremor and slip.Nature,442,188~191.
Shelly D.R.,Beroza G.C.,Ide S.et al.,2007,Non-volcanic tremor and lowfrequency earthquake swarms.Nature,446,305~307.
Szeliga W.,Melbourne T.I.,Miller M.M.et al.,2004,Southern Cascadia episodic slowearthquakes.Geophys.Res.Lett.,31,L16602,doi:10.1029/2004GL020824.
Takeo M.,Ueda H.,Okabe Y.et al.,2006,Waveformcharacteristics of deeplow-frequency earthquakes:time-series evolution basedonthe theory of the KM2O-Langevin equation.Geophys.J.Int.,165,87~107.
Watanabe T.,Hiramatsu Y.,Obara K.,2007,Scaling relationship between the duration and the amplitude of non-volcanic deep lowfrequencytremors.Geophys.Res.Lett.,34,L07305,doi:10.1029/2007GL029391.
Wech A.G.,Creager K.C.,2007,Cascadiatremor polarization evidencefor plateinterface slip.Geophys.Res.Lett.,34,L22306,doi:10.1029/2007GL031167.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心