卫星热红外亮温、气温及地温观测的年变变化对比研究
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摘要
通过对NOAA卫星热红外亮温与野外安装气象观测站接收的气温、地下不同深度地温(0.2,0.5,1.5,2m)进行不同方式的对比研究,分析了卫星热红外亮温、气温、地下不同深度地温的变化特征,探讨了亮温与气温及不同深度地温之间的关系.结果表明:①卫星热红外亮温观测,由于受天气、云层短周期因素变化影响,曲线呈现高频突跳特征,但按最大值拟合出的亮温曲线有较好的年变变化规律;②浅层地温受气温及太阳辐射的影响较大,能够体现出日变化,表现出很好的季节变化规律;③深层地温年变平稳,年变变化与季节相关.但与气温相比,表现出滞后效应,且深度越深,滞后时间越长;④亮温、气温及深度0.2m地温三者之间呈现很好的相关性.亮温、气温、0.2m地温的极值几乎同时段出现,都符合季节变化.分析表明,亮温能够真实地反映地表温度的变化情况,能够为利用卫星热红外亮温提取地震异常信息提供可靠准确证据.本研究结果为理解不同观测属性及其相互关系,以及更好地为地震监测应用提供了基础.
It is of significance to understand the relationship between thermal infrared brightness temperature and land temperature from observation stations,in order to know the observational accuracy of brightness temperature and the difference among temperatures of different meaning.In this study,NOAA thermal infrared BT and meteorological data from meteorological stations are compared and studied in different ways.The result shows:① In the observation of BT from TIR,due to influence of short period variation such as weather or cloud,diurnal variation present in high frequency and sudden jump.However,the brightness curve fitted with maximum BT has better annual variation regularity.② Land temperature of superficial layer shows regular daily and seasonal variation because of the influence of air temperature and solar radiation.③ Annual variation of land temperature of deep layer is smooth and is correlated with seasonal variation.However,in comparison with air temperature,there is a hysteretic effect,and the deeper the layer is,the longer the lag time.④ BT and air temperature,and 0.2 m land temperature,reveal a quite good correlation.The extreme value appears almost at the same time,corresponding to seasonal variation.It indicates that BT can reflect variation of land surface temperature,actually providing reliable evidence for using thermal infrared brightness temperature to extract abnormal information of earthquakes.
It is of significance to understand the relationship between thermal infrared brightness temperature and land temperature from observation stations,in order to know the observational accuracy of brightness temperature and the difference among temperatures of different meaning.In this study,NOAA thermal infrared BT and meteorological data from meteorological stations are compared and studied in different ways.The result shows:① In the observation of BT from TIR,due to influence of short period variation such as weather or cloud,diurnal variation present in high frequency and sudden jump.However,the brightness curve fitted with maximum BT has better annual variation regularity.② Land temperature of superficial layer shows regular daily and seasonal variation because of the influence of air temperature and solar radiation.③ Annual variation of land temperature of deep layer is smooth and is correlated with seasonal variation.However,in comparison with air temperature,there is a hysteretic effect,and the deeper the layer is,the longer the lag time.④ BT and air temperature,and 0.2 m land temperature,reveal a quite good correlation.The extreme value appears almost at the same time,corresponding to seasonal variation.It indicates that BT can reflect variation of land surface temperature,actually providing reliable evidence for using thermal infrared brightness temperature to extract abnormal information of earthquakes.
引文
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王天星,陈松林,马娅.2007.亮温与地表温度表征的城市热岛尺度效应对比研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,23(6):73-77.
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廖顺宝,马琳,岳燕珍,李泽辉.2004.NOAA-AVHRR资料反演地温与地面实测值的对比分析[J].国土资源遥感,(1):19-22.
刘放,吕弋培,江利明,辛华,张铁宝,路茜.2010.MODIS亮温与气温及地温的相关性分析[J].地震地质,32(1):127-137.
刘晶淼,丁裕国,王纪军.2001.利用任意时刻AVHRR资料近似估计区域地表温度日较差的实验[J].南京气象学院学报,24(3):323-329.
闵文彬,李跃清.2008.MODIS反演地表温度与地面同步气温、地温的相关分析[C]∥中国气象学会2008年年会卫星遥感应用技术与处理方法分会场论文集.北京:中国学术期刊(光盘版)电子杂志社:283-290.
屈春燕,单新建,马瑾.2006.地震活动性热红外异常提取方法研究[J].地球科学进展,7(21):699-705.
屈春燕,闫丽莉,温少妍.2011.首都圈地区卫星热红外亮温变化特征研究[J].地球科学进展,26(2):202-211.
温少妍,屈春燕,闫丽莉.2011.区域红外亮温背景场建立方法及初步应用[J].地震,31(2):59-67.
王天星,陈松林,马娅.2007.亮温与地表温度表征的城市热岛尺度效应对比研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,23(6):73-77.
郑秋红,伍永秋,张宏,全占军.2005.怀来盆地丘陵区弃耕地自然恢复中植物群落特征的变化[J].北京师范大学学报:自然科学版,41(6):627-631.
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