潮汐应力与大震关系研究
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摘要
选用1976—2009年全球震源深度小于70km,MW≥7.0的地震为研究对象,利用震源机制解资料,对每个地震的发震断层面进行了判断,得到233个地震的发震断层面解。据此,本文讨论了发震时断层面上的地球固体潮汐剪应力方向与滑动方向的关系以及潮汐正应力在发震时所处的相位,发震时断层面的库仑应力值。结果表明,当潮汐剪应力方向与滑动方向一致时触发作用最为明显,逆断层地震与潮汐的关系最为密切;而当潮汐剪应力方向与滑动方向相反时,地震较少发生。
In this paper,we focused on global earthquakes with MW≥7.0 and hypocenter depths less than or equal to 70 km from the Harvard Centroid Moment Tensor(CMT) catalog during the period from 1976 to 2009.We obtained fault plane solutions of 233 earthquakes by choosing the real fault plane of each earthquake through the focal mechanism solution.Based on this,we discussed the relationship between the direction of tidal shear stress on the real fault plane and slip direction.At the same time,the phases of tidal normal stress and Coulomb failure stresses on the fault plane in the origin time are calculated.The results show that there are obvious triggering effects when the direction of tidal shear stress is the same with the slip direction,while earthquakes rarely occur when tidal shear stress goes in the opposite directions,and reverse fault earthquakes have the closest relationship with tide.
In this paper,we focused on global earthquakes with MW≥7.0 and hypocenter depths less than or equal to 70 km from the Harvard Centroid Moment Tensor(CMT) catalog during the period from 1976 to 2009.We obtained fault plane solutions of 233 earthquakes by choosing the real fault plane of each earthquake through the focal mechanism solution.Based on this,we discussed the relationship between the direction of tidal shear stress on the real fault plane and slip direction.At the same time,the phases of tidal normal stress and Coulomb failure stresses on the fault plane in the origin time are calculated.The results show that there are obvious triggering effects when the direction of tidal shear stress is the same with the slip direction,while earthquakes rarely occur when tidal shear stress goes in the opposite directions,and reverse fault earthquakes have the closest relationship with tide.
引文
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[2]李晓明,胡辉.中国大地震的天体位置特征分析[J].地球物理学报,1998,41(6):780-785.
[3]冯向东,魏东平.地震活动性与日月引潮力相关性统计分析[J].国际地震动态,2007,(5):9-15.
[4]Kilston S,Knopoff L.Lunar-solar periodicities of large earthquakes in southern California[J].Na-ture,1983,304:21-25.
[5]吴小平,黄雍,康国发,等.川滇地区地震时的月日赤纬及黄经差特征比较[J].地震研究,2002,25(2):166-172.
[6]李延兴,许力生,胡新康,等.日、月对孕震区的水平引潮力与震源机制的关系[J].地震,2001,21(1):1-6.
[7]韩延本,李志安,田静.日月引潮力变化与某些地区地震发生时间的相关研究[J].地球物理学进展,1996,11(2):114-122.
[8]Heaton T H.Tidal triggering of earthquakes[J].Geophys J R Astron Soc,1975,43:307-326.
[9]Cochran E S,Vidale J E,Tanaka S.Earth tides can trigger shallow thrust fault earthquakes[J].Science,2004,306:1 164-1 166.
[10]Knopoff L.Earth tides as a triggering mechanism for earthquakes[J].Bulletin of the SeismologicalSociety of America,1964,54(6):1 865-1 870.
[11]田中佐千子.地球潮汐引起的地震触发作用[J].世界地震译丛,2007,(2):36-39.
[12]高锡铭,殷志山,王威中,等.固体潮应力张量对地震的触发作用[J].地壳形变与地震,1981,(创刊号):4-16.
[13]吴小平,冒蔚,黄雍,等.基于不同构造分区中国地震的潮汐应力触发效应及相关天文特征[J].中国科学G辑,2009,39(6):901-912.
[14]骆鸣津,顾梦林,睢建设,等.固体潮应变理论值的计算[J].地球物理学报,1986,29(2):157-165.
[15]蒋骏,张雁滨.发震断层面上潮汐有效剪切应力增量的计算与加卸载的确定[J].中国地震,1995,11(1):72-83.
[16]尹祥础.固体力学[M].北京:地震出版社,1985.
[17]Fischer T,Kalenda P,Skalsky L.Weak tidal correlation of NW-Bohemia/Vogtland earthquakeswarms[J].Tectonophysics,2006,424:259-269.
[18]Wan Y G,Wu Z L,Zhou G W.Focal mechanism dependence of static stress triggering of earth-quakes[J].Tectonophysics,2004,390:235-243.
[19]Stein R S.The role of stress transfer in earthquake occurrence[J].Nature,1999,402:605-609.
[20]Hardebeck J L,Nazareth J J,Hauksson E.The static stress change triggering model:Constraintsfrom two southern California aftershock sequences[J].J Geophys Res,1998,103(24):427-438.
[21]Aki K,Richards P G.Quantitative Seismology[M].W H Freeman and Co.,San Francisco,1980.
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