莱州湾凹陷明化镇组下段河道储层的地震地貌分析
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摘要
为刻画莱州湾凹陷明化镇组下段的河道储层,从高精度三维地震数据体上提取11种能够突出河道特征的几何类地震属性;然后利用主分量三原色融合技术,将11种属性体沿层切片上的河道特征融合成一张高清晰的水平切片图像;再用地貌学方法对四期沿层切片中的75处蛇曲段的河道形态进行几何学参数测量,并分析了河道宽度、弯曲度、蛇曲高度、蛇曲宽度、蛇曲波长共五种几何学参数间的相互影响和数学关系。最终得到以下认识:①11种几何类地震属性数据沿层切片的前三主分量三原色融合,较单一的地震振幅数据沿层切片,能够更清晰地反映河道储层的地貌形态,从而测量出更精确的几何学参数值;②在莱州湾凹陷明化镇组下段,地层越老河道越发育,河道宽度集中在100～300m,蛇曲流域中单曲段多于多曲段,弯曲度集中在1.1～1.5,表明河道的侧向侵蚀作用不强;③上述五种几何学参数的定量测定表明,与现代河流一样,河流—浅水三角洲沉积体系中河道形态的几何学参数间同样服从幂函数或线性函数规律。这些研究结果为渤海湾盆地河道储层精确预测与地质建模提供了依据。
The principal goal of our study is the morphometrics of channel system in Laizhouwan Depression.First,a selection of 11 geometric attributes were computed from high quality 3D seismic volume to highlight the fluvial features,and then extracted at each horizon of interest.Next,PCA were applied to these 11 geometric horizon attributes to yield the principal components.The first three components were mapped to Red,Green and Blue channels of a high-resolution image.Finally,75 set of morphometric variables were measured in four phases of meandering channels by the geomorphology approach.Meanwhile,the relationship among channel width,meander-belt width,meander length,meander-arc height and sinuosity were analyzed.These analyses suggested three points.①The PCA-RGB blending of 11 geometric horizon attributes is more indicative on the channel outline variability than a single amplitude horizon slice.②In lower Minghuazhen formation,Laizhouwan Depression,the amount of channels increased as the channel systems age,the channel width ranges from 100m to 300m,the number of single meander is much more than multiple meanders and the channel sinuosity mainly ranges from 1.1 to 1.8,which reveal relatively weak lateral erosion in the channel system.③The cross-plot of five geometric measures appear to be consistently power function or linear in both sedimentary channels and modern rivers.These results provide further confidence to predict the reservoir characteristics and build the reservoir modeling in Bohai Bay Basin,China.
The principal goal of our study is the morphometrics of channel system in Laizhouwan Depression.First,a selection of 11 geometric attributes were computed from high quality 3D seismic volume to highlight the fluvial features,and then extracted at each horizon of interest.Next,PCA were applied to these 11 geometric horizon attributes to yield the principal components.The first three components were mapped to Red,Green and Blue channels of a high-resolution image.Finally,75 set of morphometric variables were measured in four phases of meandering channels by the geomorphology approach.Meanwhile,the relationship among channel width,meander-belt width,meander length,meander-arc height and sinuosity were analyzed.These analyses suggested three points.①The PCA-RGB blending of 11 geometric horizon attributes is more indicative on the channel outline variability than a single amplitude horizon slice.②In lower Minghuazhen formation,Laizhouwan Depression,the amount of channels increased as the channel systems age,the channel width ranges from 100m to 300m,the number of single meander is much more than multiple meanders and the channel sinuosity mainly ranges from 1.1 to 1.8,which reveal relatively weak lateral erosion in the channel system.③The cross-plot of five geometric measures appear to be consistently power function or linear in both sedimentary channels and modern rivers.These results provide further confidence to predict the reservoir characteristics and build the reservoir modeling in Bohai Bay Basin,China.
引文
[1]Posamentier H W,V Kolla.Seismic geomorphology and stratigraphy of depositional elements in deepwa-ter settings.Journal of Sedimentary Research,2003,73(3):367～388
[2]Davies R,Posamentier H W,Wood L J et al.Seismic Geomorphology:Application to Hydrocarbon Ex-ploration and Production.London:Geological Socie-ty Special Publication277,2007
[3]Clark J D,Kenyon N H,Pickering K T.Quantita-tive analysis of the geometry of submarine channels:Implications for the classification of submarine fans.Geology,1992,20(7):633～636
[4]Galloway W E,Hobday W K.Terrigenous Clastic Depositional Systems:Applications to Fossil Fuel and Groundwater Resources.New York:Springer-Verlag,1996
[5]Zeng H L,Backus M M,Barrow K T et al.Stratal slicing,partⅠ:realistic3Dseismic model,and partⅡ:real seismic data.Geophysics,1998,63(2):502～522
[6]Posamentier H W.Depositional elements associated with a basin floor channel-levee system:case study from the Gulf of Mexico.Marine and Petroleum Ge-ology,2003,20(1):677～690
[7]Carter D C.3-D seismic geomorphology:Insights in-to fluvial reservoir deposition and performance,Widuri field,Java Sea.AAPG Bulletin,2003,87(6):909～934
[8]Gee M J R,Gawthorpe R L,Bakke K et al.Seismic geomorphology and evolution of submarine channels from the Angolan continental margin.Journal of Sedimentary Research,2007,77(5):433～446
[9]Cross N E,Cunningham A,Cook R J et al.Three-di-mensional seismic geomorphology of a deep-water slope-channel system:The Sequoia field,offshore west Nile Delta,Egypt.AAPG Bulletin,2009,93(8):1063～1086
[10]Maynard J R,Feldman H R,Robert A.From bars to valleys:the sedimentology and seismic geomorpholo-gy of fluvial to estuarine incised-valley fills of the Grand Rapids formation(lower cretaceous),Iron River field,Alberta,Canada.Journal of Sedimenta-ry Research,2010,80(7):611～638
[11]Wood L J.Quantitative seismic geomorphology of Pliocene and Miocene fluvial systems in the northern Gulf of Mexico,U.S.A.Journal of Sedimentary Research,2007,77(9):713～730
[12]Wood L J,Mize-Spansky K L.Quantitative seismic geomorphology of a Quaternary leveed-channel sys-tem,offshore eastern Trinidad and Tobago,north-eastern South America.AAPG Bulletin,2009,93(1):101～125
[13]Schumm S A.The Fluvial System.New York:Wi-ley-Interscience,1977
[14]Brice J C.Planform properties of meandering rivers.American Society of Civil Engineers Proceedings of the Conference River’83,1984:1～15
[15]Inglis C C.The behavior and control of rivers and ca-nals.Poona:Research Publication13,Central Wa-terpower Irrigation and Navigation Research Sta-tion,1949:79～91
[16]Leopold L B,Wolman M G.River meanders.GSA Bulletin,1960,71(6):769～793
[17]龚再升,王国纯,贺清.上第三系是渤中坳陷及其周围油气勘探的主要领域.中国海上油气(地质),2000,14(3):642～653 Gong Zaisheng,Wang Guochun,He Qing.The Neo-gene:a main realm of hydrocarbon exploration in Bozhong sag and its surrounding areas.China Off-shore Oil and Gas(Geology),2000,14(3):642～653
[18]Ye Q C,Wen X H,Greene M G et al.Interpretation and reservoir characterization of a field dominated by complex fluvial channels,Bohai Bay,China.The Leading Edge,2009,28(3):145～156
[19]Sarkar S,Marfurt K J,Slatt R M.Generation of sea-level curves from depositional pattern as seen through seismic attributes-seismic geomorphology analysis of an MTC-rich shallow sediment column,northern Gulfof Mexico.The Leading Edge,2010,29(9):1084～1091
[20]Taner M T.Seismic attributes.CSEG Recorder,2001,26(9):48～56
[21]Taner M T,Koehler F,Sheriff R E.Complex seis-mic trace analysis.Geophysics,1979,44(6):1041～1063
[22]高静怀,汪文秉,朱光明.小波变换与信号瞬时特征分析.地球物理学报,1997,40(6):821～832 Gao J H,Wang W B,Zhu G M.Wavelet transform and instantaneous attributes analysis.Chinese Jour-nal of Geophysics,1997,40(6):821～832
[23]凌云研究组.基本地震属性在沉积环境解释中的应用研究.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(6):642～653 Ling Yun.Study on application of basic seismic at-tributes to interpretation of depositional environment.OGP,2003,38(6):642～653
[24]Radovich B J,Oliveros R B.3Dsequence interpreta-tion of seismic instantaneous attributes from the Gor-gon field.The Leading Edge,1998,17(9):1286～1293
[25]Hart B S.Channel detection in3-D seismic data using sweetness.AAPG Bulletin,2008,92(6):733～742
[26]Bahorich M,Farmer S.3Dseismic discontinuity for faults and stratigraphic features:the coherence cube.The Leading Edge,1995,14(10):1053～1058
[27]Marfurt K J,Kirlin R L,Farmer S L et al.3Dseis-mic attributes using a semblance-based coherency al-gorithm.Geophysics,1998,63(4):1150～1165
[28]Marfurt K J,Sudhaker V,Gersztenkorn A et al.Co-herency calculations in the presence of structural dip.Geophysics,1999,64(1):104～111
[29]尹成,熊晓军,张白林等.基于高阶统计量的相干体算法及砂体沉积演化分析.石油学报,2005,26(4):58～62 Yin C,Xiong X J,Zhang B L et al.Coherency algo-rithm based on higher-order statistics and sedimentary evolvement analysis of sandstone bodies.Acta Petro-lei Sinica,2005,26(4):58～62
[30]Rijks E J H,Jauffred J C E M.Attribute extraction:An important application in any detailed3-D interpre-tation study.The Leading Edge,1991,10(9):11～19
[31]Lisle R J.Detection of zones of abnormal strains in structures using Gaussian curvature analysis.AAPG Bulletin,1994,78(12):1811～1819
[32]Al-Dossary S,Marfurt K J.3Dvolumetric multispec-tral estimates of reflector curvature and rotation.Geophysics,2006,71(5):P41～P51
[33]Chopra S,Marfurt K J.Volumetric curvature attrib-utes for mapping faults,fractures,depositional and diagenetic features.AAPG Annual Convention,San Antonio,TX,2008
[34]Klein P,Richard L,James H.3Dcurvature attrib-utes:a new approach for seismic interpretation.First Break,2008,26(4):105～112
[35]Roberts A.Curvature attributes and their application to3-D interpreted horizons.First Break,2001,19(2):85～100
[36]符志国,尹成,张白林等.利用小波参数检测砂体分布.石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(3):343～348 Fu Zhiguo,Yin Cheng,Zhang Bailin et al.Usingwavelet parameters for detection of distribution of sand body.OGP,2005,40(3):343～348
[37]高静怀,万涛,陈文超等.三参数小波及其在地震资料分析中的应用.地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1802～1812 Gao J H,Wan T,Chen W C et al.Three parameter wavelet and its applications to seismic data process-ing.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(6):1802～1812
[38]朱振宇,吕丁友,桑淑云等.基于物理小波的频谱分解方法及应用研究.地球物理学报,2009,52(8):2152～2157 Zhu Z Y,Lu D Y,Sang S Y et al.Research of spec-trum decomposition method based on physical wavelet transform and its application.Chinese Journal of Geo-physics,2009,52(8):2152～2157
[39]Gao D L.Application of three-dimensional seismic texture analysis with special reference to deep-marine facies discrimination and interpretation:Offshore An-gola,West Africa.AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(12):1665～1683
[40]Gao D L.The first-order and the second-order seis-mic textures.AAPG Abstracts with Programs,1999,8:A45
[41]Gao D L.3DVCM seismic textures:A new technol-ogy to quantify seismic interpretation.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1999,18:1037～1039
[42]Gao D L.Volume texture extraction for3Dseismic visualization and interpretation.Geophysics,2003,68(4):1294～1302
[43]Haralick R M,Shanmugam K,Dinstein I.Textural features for image classification.IEEE Transactions on Systems,Man,and Cybernetics,1973,SMC-3(6):610～621
[44]Chopra S,Alexeev V.Applications of texture attrib-ute analysis to3Dseismic data.The Leading Edge,2006,25(8):934～940
[45]彭文绪,辛仁臣,孙和风等.渤海海域莱州湾凹陷的形成和演化.石油学报,2009,30(5):654～660 Peng W X,Xin R C,Sun H F et al.Formation and evolution of Laizhou Bay Sag in Bohai Bay.Acta Pe-trolei Sinica,2009,30(5):654～660
[46]Wang Z G,Yin C,Ding F.Multiattribute RGBA color blending of principal components.CPS/SEG Beijing International Geophysical Conference Ex-panded Abstracts,2009
[47]朱伟林,李建平,周心怀等.渤海新近系浅水三角洲沉积体系与大型油气田勘探.沉积学报,2008,26(4):575～582 Zhu W L,Li J P,Zhou X H et al.Neogene shallow water deltaic system and large hydrocarbon accumula-tions in Bohai Bay,China.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2008,26(4):575～582
[48]Hudson P F,Kesel R H.Channel migration and me-ander-bend curvature in the lower Mississippi River prior to major human modification.Geology,2000,28(6):531～534
[2]Davies R,Posamentier H W,Wood L J et al.Seismic Geomorphology:Application to Hydrocarbon Ex-ploration and Production.London:Geological Socie-ty Special Publication277,2007
[3]Clark J D,Kenyon N H,Pickering K T.Quantita-tive analysis of the geometry of submarine channels:Implications for the classification of submarine fans.Geology,1992,20(7):633～636
[4]Galloway W E,Hobday W K.Terrigenous Clastic Depositional Systems:Applications to Fossil Fuel and Groundwater Resources.New York:Springer-Verlag,1996
[5]Zeng H L,Backus M M,Barrow K T et al.Stratal slicing,partⅠ:realistic3Dseismic model,and partⅡ:real seismic data.Geophysics,1998,63(2):502～522
[6]Posamentier H W.Depositional elements associated with a basin floor channel-levee system:case study from the Gulf of Mexico.Marine and Petroleum Ge-ology,2003,20(1):677～690
[7]Carter D C.3-D seismic geomorphology:Insights in-to fluvial reservoir deposition and performance,Widuri field,Java Sea.AAPG Bulletin,2003,87(6):909～934
[8]Gee M J R,Gawthorpe R L,Bakke K et al.Seismic geomorphology and evolution of submarine channels from the Angolan continental margin.Journal of Sedimentary Research,2007,77(5):433～446
[9]Cross N E,Cunningham A,Cook R J et al.Three-di-mensional seismic geomorphology of a deep-water slope-channel system:The Sequoia field,offshore west Nile Delta,Egypt.AAPG Bulletin,2009,93(8):1063～1086
[10]Maynard J R,Feldman H R,Robert A.From bars to valleys:the sedimentology and seismic geomorpholo-gy of fluvial to estuarine incised-valley fills of the Grand Rapids formation(lower cretaceous),Iron River field,Alberta,Canada.Journal of Sedimenta-ry Research,2010,80(7):611～638
[11]Wood L J.Quantitative seismic geomorphology of Pliocene and Miocene fluvial systems in the northern Gulf of Mexico,U.S.A.Journal of Sedimentary Research,2007,77(9):713～730
[12]Wood L J,Mize-Spansky K L.Quantitative seismic geomorphology of a Quaternary leveed-channel sys-tem,offshore eastern Trinidad and Tobago,north-eastern South America.AAPG Bulletin,2009,93(1):101～125
[13]Schumm S A.The Fluvial System.New York:Wi-ley-Interscience,1977
[14]Brice J C.Planform properties of meandering rivers.American Society of Civil Engineers Proceedings of the Conference River’83,1984:1～15
[15]Inglis C C.The behavior and control of rivers and ca-nals.Poona:Research Publication13,Central Wa-terpower Irrigation and Navigation Research Sta-tion,1949:79～91
[16]Leopold L B,Wolman M G.River meanders.GSA Bulletin,1960,71(6):769～793
[17]龚再升,王国纯,贺清.上第三系是渤中坳陷及其周围油气勘探的主要领域.中国海上油气(地质),2000,14(3):642～653 Gong Zaisheng,Wang Guochun,He Qing.The Neo-gene:a main realm of hydrocarbon exploration in Bozhong sag and its surrounding areas.China Off-shore Oil and Gas(Geology),2000,14(3):642～653
[18]Ye Q C,Wen X H,Greene M G et al.Interpretation and reservoir characterization of a field dominated by complex fluvial channels,Bohai Bay,China.The Leading Edge,2009,28(3):145～156
[19]Sarkar S,Marfurt K J,Slatt R M.Generation of sea-level curves from depositional pattern as seen through seismic attributes-seismic geomorphology analysis of an MTC-rich shallow sediment column,northern Gulfof Mexico.The Leading Edge,2010,29(9):1084～1091
[20]Taner M T.Seismic attributes.CSEG Recorder,2001,26(9):48～56
[21]Taner M T,Koehler F,Sheriff R E.Complex seis-mic trace analysis.Geophysics,1979,44(6):1041～1063
[22]高静怀,汪文秉,朱光明.小波变换与信号瞬时特征分析.地球物理学报,1997,40(6):821～832 Gao J H,Wang W B,Zhu G M.Wavelet transform and instantaneous attributes analysis.Chinese Jour-nal of Geophysics,1997,40(6):821～832
[23]凌云研究组.基本地震属性在沉积环境解释中的应用研究.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(6):642～653 Ling Yun.Study on application of basic seismic at-tributes to interpretation of depositional environment.OGP,2003,38(6):642～653
[24]Radovich B J,Oliveros R B.3Dsequence interpreta-tion of seismic instantaneous attributes from the Gor-gon field.The Leading Edge,1998,17(9):1286～1293
[25]Hart B S.Channel detection in3-D seismic data using sweetness.AAPG Bulletin,2008,92(6):733～742
[26]Bahorich M,Farmer S.3Dseismic discontinuity for faults and stratigraphic features:the coherence cube.The Leading Edge,1995,14(10):1053～1058
[27]Marfurt K J,Kirlin R L,Farmer S L et al.3Dseis-mic attributes using a semblance-based coherency al-gorithm.Geophysics,1998,63(4):1150～1165
[28]Marfurt K J,Sudhaker V,Gersztenkorn A et al.Co-herency calculations in the presence of structural dip.Geophysics,1999,64(1):104～111
[29]尹成,熊晓军,张白林等.基于高阶统计量的相干体算法及砂体沉积演化分析.石油学报,2005,26(4):58～62 Yin C,Xiong X J,Zhang B L et al.Coherency algo-rithm based on higher-order statistics and sedimentary evolvement analysis of sandstone bodies.Acta Petro-lei Sinica,2005,26(4):58～62
[30]Rijks E J H,Jauffred J C E M.Attribute extraction:An important application in any detailed3-D interpre-tation study.The Leading Edge,1991,10(9):11～19
[31]Lisle R J.Detection of zones of abnormal strains in structures using Gaussian curvature analysis.AAPG Bulletin,1994,78(12):1811～1819
[32]Al-Dossary S,Marfurt K J.3Dvolumetric multispec-tral estimates of reflector curvature and rotation.Geophysics,2006,71(5):P41～P51
[33]Chopra S,Marfurt K J.Volumetric curvature attrib-utes for mapping faults,fractures,depositional and diagenetic features.AAPG Annual Convention,San Antonio,TX,2008
[34]Klein P,Richard L,James H.3Dcurvature attrib-utes:a new approach for seismic interpretation.First Break,2008,26(4):105～112
[35]Roberts A.Curvature attributes and their application to3-D interpreted horizons.First Break,2001,19(2):85～100
[36]符志国,尹成,张白林等.利用小波参数检测砂体分布.石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(3):343～348 Fu Zhiguo,Yin Cheng,Zhang Bailin et al.Usingwavelet parameters for detection of distribution of sand body.OGP,2005,40(3):343～348
[37]高静怀,万涛,陈文超等.三参数小波及其在地震资料分析中的应用.地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1802～1812 Gao J H,Wan T,Chen W C et al.Three parameter wavelet and its applications to seismic data process-ing.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(6):1802～1812
[38]朱振宇,吕丁友,桑淑云等.基于物理小波的频谱分解方法及应用研究.地球物理学报,2009,52(8):2152～2157 Zhu Z Y,Lu D Y,Sang S Y et al.Research of spec-trum decomposition method based on physical wavelet transform and its application.Chinese Journal of Geo-physics,2009,52(8):2152～2157
[39]Gao D L.Application of three-dimensional seismic texture analysis with special reference to deep-marine facies discrimination and interpretation:Offshore An-gola,West Africa.AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(12):1665～1683
[40]Gao D L.The first-order and the second-order seis-mic textures.AAPG Abstracts with Programs,1999,8:A45
[41]Gao D L.3DVCM seismic textures:A new technol-ogy to quantify seismic interpretation.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1999,18:1037～1039
[42]Gao D L.Volume texture extraction for3Dseismic visualization and interpretation.Geophysics,2003,68(4):1294～1302
[43]Haralick R M,Shanmugam K,Dinstein I.Textural features for image classification.IEEE Transactions on Systems,Man,and Cybernetics,1973,SMC-3(6):610～621
[44]Chopra S,Alexeev V.Applications of texture attrib-ute analysis to3Dseismic data.The Leading Edge,2006,25(8):934～940
[45]彭文绪,辛仁臣,孙和风等.渤海海域莱州湾凹陷的形成和演化.石油学报,2009,30(5):654～660 Peng W X,Xin R C,Sun H F et al.Formation and evolution of Laizhou Bay Sag in Bohai Bay.Acta Pe-trolei Sinica,2009,30(5):654～660
[46]Wang Z G,Yin C,Ding F.Multiattribute RGBA color blending of principal components.CPS/SEG Beijing International Geophysical Conference Ex-panded Abstracts,2009
[47]朱伟林,李建平,周心怀等.渤海新近系浅水三角洲沉积体系与大型油气田勘探.沉积学报,2008,26(4):575～582 Zhu W L,Li J P,Zhou X H et al.Neogene shallow water deltaic system and large hydrocarbon accumula-tions in Bohai Bay,China.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2008,26(4):575～582
[48]Hudson P F,Kesel R H.Channel migration and me-ander-bend curvature in the lower Mississippi River prior to major human modification.Geology,2000,28(6):531～534
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