基于小波变换提取吸收系数方法及应用
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摘要
地震信号的衰减吸收与岩石岩性、地层含油气情况密切相关,地震信号的频率信息能较敏感地反映地层吸收系数的影响。地震信号具有持续时间短、突变快等特点,属于典型的非平稳随机信号。小波变换能够对信号进行精确的时频分析,同时小波函数的多样性使小波变换具有很强的灵活性和适应性。在实际勘探区域的数据中,利用小波变换进行时频分析,并利用频谱比法对小波变换的振幅谱提取吸收系数。应用结果表明,该方法对含气储层的识别效果较好,对后期开发工作有较好借鉴意义。
Attenuation and absorption of seismic data are closely related to rock lithology and hydrocarbon situation in reservoir.The frequency information of seismic signal can reflect the effect of stratigraphic absorption coefficient sensitively.The seismic signals belong to typical non-stationary random signals which are usually shorter in duration and faster in acquiring mutation.Wavelet transform can make a precise time-frequency analysis for the signals,and at the same time,the diversity of wavelet function make the wavelet transform show the great flexibility and compatibility.Through the time-frequency analysis with wavelet transform and through the extraction of absorption coefficient of wavelet transform amplitude spectrum with spectral ratio,actual application results show that the method presents a good effect in identifying gas-bearing reservoir and has a reference for late exploitation.
Attenuation and absorption of seismic data are closely related to rock lithology and hydrocarbon situation in reservoir.The frequency information of seismic signal can reflect the effect of stratigraphic absorption coefficient sensitively.The seismic signals belong to typical non-stationary random signals which are usually shorter in duration and faster in acquiring mutation.Wavelet transform can make a precise time-frequency analysis for the signals,and at the same time,the diversity of wavelet function make the wavelet transform show the great flexibility and compatibility.Through the time-frequency analysis with wavelet transform and through the extraction of absorption coefficient of wavelet transform amplitude spectrum with spectral ratio,actual application results show that the method presents a good effect in identifying gas-bearing reservoir and has a reference for late exploitation.
引文
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[12]王西文,刘全新,赵应成,等.地震信号瞬时特征在小波域分频提取的方法和应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(4):452-460,478.
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[15]陈培善.地震波研究在我国的进展[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(1):231-241.
[16]辛可峰,李振春,王永刚,等.地层等效吸收系数反演[J].石油物探,2001,40(4):14-20.
[17]夏雨,陈世悦,杨俊生.准噶尔盆地乌夏地区二叠系层序地层特征研究[J].断块油气田,2008,15(1):18-21.
[18]董臣强,王军,张金伟.时频分析技术在三角洲层序分析中的应用[J].断块油气田,2002,9(2):18-20.
[19]曹健,赵宪生,施泽进,等.振幅、频率动态吸收系数在嘉一段储层预测中的应用[J].特种油气藏,2010,17(6):35-37.
[2]边立恩,于茜,韩自军,等.基于谱分解技术的储层定量地震解释[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(5):718-723.
[3]朱广生.地震资料储层预测方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995:56-73.
[4]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993:78-102.
[5]俞寿朋.高分辨率地震勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993:32-45.
[6]董洁,陈世悦,袁波.时频分析精细划分欢喜岭地区地层层序[J].断块油气田,2010,17(2):146-149.
[7]袁井菊,贾庆素,施少武.大情字井地区特征参数反演储层预测[J].断块油气田,2010,17(4):426-430.
[8]郭伟,代宗仰,尹宏,等.叠后波阻抗约束反演的若干问题[J].断块油气田,2006,13(6):16-17.
[9]Hough S E,Lees J M,Monastero F.Attenuation and source properties at the Coso Geothermal Area,California[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1999,89(6):1606-1619.
[10]Vladislav G Martynov,Frank L Vernon,Robert J Mellors,et al.High-frequency attenuation in the crust and Upper Mantle of the Northern Tien Shan[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1999,89(1):215-238.
[11]Rahul Dasgupta,Roger A Clark.Estimation of Q from surface seismic reflection data[J].Geophysics,1995,63(6):2120-2128.
[12]王西文,刘全新,赵应成,等.地震信号瞬时特征在小波域分频提取的方法和应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(4):452-460,478.
[13]王西文.小波域地震资料处理方法(WSSP)研究[D].北京:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2000.
[14]高静怀,汪文秉,朱光明.小波变换与信号瞬时特征分析[J].地球物理学报,1997,40(6):821-832.
[15]陈培善.地震波研究在我国的进展[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(1):231-241.
[16]辛可峰,李振春,王永刚,等.地层等效吸收系数反演[J].石油物探,2001,40(4):14-20.
[17]夏雨,陈世悦,杨俊生.准噶尔盆地乌夏地区二叠系层序地层特征研究[J].断块油气田,2008,15(1):18-21.
[18]董臣强,王军,张金伟.时频分析技术在三角洲层序分析中的应用[J].断块油气田,2002,9(2):18-20.
[19]曹健,赵宪生,施泽进,等.振幅、频率动态吸收系数在嘉一段储层预测中的应用[J].特种油气藏,2010,17(6):35-37.
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