南海北部深水及超深水区现今地温场及热结构特征研究
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摘要
依据前人对岩石圈层结构的认识和地震反射界面揭示的沉积充填,本文对南海北部深水及超深水区域的现今地温场特征及岩石圈热结构进行了计算。结果表明:南海北部深水及超深水区具有"热盆"特征,超深水区较深水区更热,但超深水区沉积基底的现今温度较深水区低。大地热流值的总体变化趋势表现为从深水区向超深水区逐渐增高,与地壳和岩石圈向南减薄趋势一致。南海北部深水及超深水区具有"冷壳热幔"的岩石圈热结构特征。地壳热流主要由基底的构造形态和地壳减薄程度控制,地幔热流则只受控于岩石圈基底埋深。
Base on the previous achievements of the lithospheric structure and the sedimentary unit resulting from seismic profiles,the thermal structure and the present-day thermal field were calculated in the deep and ultra-deep water area of the northern of South China Sea.The present-day geothermal field in the deep and ultra-deep water area of the northern of South China Sea is characterized with "hot basin".The surface heat flow of the ultra-deep water area is higher than that of the deep water area,but the temperature of the sedimentary basement in the ultra-deep water area is lower than that in the deep water area.The heat flow value increases from the deep water area to the ultra-deep water area according to the thinning of the crust.Thermal structure of the lithosphere shows a typical feature of " cold crust and hot mantle" in the deep and ultra-deep water area.The crustal heat flow is predominantly affected by the sedimentary basement and the crustal thickness while the mantle heat flow is only controlled by the lithosperic basement depth.
Base on the previous achievements of the lithospheric structure and the sedimentary unit resulting from seismic profiles,the thermal structure and the present-day thermal field were calculated in the deep and ultra-deep water area of the northern of South China Sea.The present-day geothermal field in the deep and ultra-deep water area of the northern of South China Sea is characterized with "hot basin".The surface heat flow of the ultra-deep water area is higher than that of the deep water area,but the temperature of the sedimentary basement in the ultra-deep water area is lower than that in the deep water area.The heat flow value increases from the deep water area to the ultra-deep water area according to the thinning of the crust.Thermal structure of the lithosphere shows a typical feature of " cold crust and hot mantle" in the deep and ultra-deep water area.The crustal heat flow is predominantly affected by the sedimentary basement and the crustal thickness while the mantle heat flow is only controlled by the lithosperic basement depth.
引文
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米立军,袁玉松,张功成等.2009.南海北部深水区地热特征及其成因.石油学报,30(1):27—32.Mi Lijun,Yuan Yusong,Zhang Congcheng et al.2009.Characteristics and genesis of geothennal field in deep-water area of the northern South China Sea.Acta Petrolei Sinica,30(1):27—32.
饶春涛,李平鲁.1991.珠江口盆地热流研究.中国海上油气(地质),5(6):7—18.Rao Chuntao and Li Pinglu.1991.Study of heat flow in Pearl River Mouth Basin.China Offshore Oil and Gas(Geology),5(6):7—18.
饶春涛.1994.珠江口盆地地热特征.南海东部石油,(1):10—18.Rao Chuntao.1994.Geothennal characteristics of Pearl River Mouth Basin.Eastern South China Sea Petroleum,(1):10—18.
王均,黄尚瑶,黄歌山等.1990.中国地温分布的基本特征.北京:地震出版社.20—50.Wang Jun,Huang Shangyao,Huang Geshan et al.1990.Basic Characteristics of the Earth's Temperature Distribution in China.Beijing:Seismological Press.20—50.
徐行,施小斌,罗贤虎等.2006a.南海北部海底地热测量的数据处理方法.现代地质,zo(3):457—464.Xu Xing,Shi Xiaobin,Luo Xianhu et al.2006a.Data processing methods of marine geothermal measurement on the northern margin of the South China Sea.Geoscience,20(3):457—464.
徐行,施小斌,罗贤虎等.2006b.南海西沙海槽地区的海底热流测量.海洋地质与第四纪地质,26(4):51—58.Xu Xing,Shi Xiaobin,Luo Xianhu et al.2006b.Heat flow measurements in the Xisha trough of the South China Sea.Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,26(4):51—58.
薛万俊,霍春兰,司桂贤等.1991.南海中北部晚第四纪古气候及古海洋学.南海地质研究,4:1—96Xue Wanjun,Huo Chunlan,Si Guixian et al.1991.Late Quaternary palaeoclimatology and palaeo-oceanography of the centralnorthern South China Sea.Geological Research of South China Sea,4:1—96.
杨树春,胡圣标,蔡东升等.2003.南黄海南部盆地地温场特征及热—构造演化.科学通报,48(14):1564—1569.Yang Shuchun,Hu Shengbiao,Cai Dongsheng et al.2003.Geothermal characteristics and tectonothennal evolution of the southern area of South Yellow Sea.Chinese Science Bulletin,48(14):1564—1569.
姚伯初,万玲,曾维军等.2006.中国南海海域岩石圈三维结构及演化.北京:地质出版社.20—50.Yao Bochu,Wan Ling,Zeng Weijun et al.2006.The Three-dimensional Structure of Lithosphere and Its Evolution in the South China Sea.Beijing:Geological Publishing House.20—50.
袁玉松,米立军,张功成等.2009.沉积盆地地温梯度研究中应注意的问题.地质评论,55(4):531—536.Yuan Yusong,Mi Lijun,Zhang Gongcheng et al.2009.Some remarks about geothermal gradient of sedimentary basins.Geological Review,55(4):531—536.
张健,宋海斌.2001.南海北部大陆架盆地热结构.地质力学学报,7(3):238—244.Zhang Jian and Song Haibin.2001.The thermal structure of main sedimentary basins in the northern margin of the South China Sea.Journal of Geomechanics,7(3):238—244.
张菊明,熊亮萍.1986.有限单元法在地热研究中的应用.北京:科学出版社.1—35.Zhang Juming and Xiong Liangping.1986.Application of Finite Element Method in the Study of Geothermal Field.Beijing:Science Press.1—35.
He L J,Wang J Y,Xu X et al.2009.Disparity between measured and BSR heat flow in the Xisha Trough of the South China Sea and its implications for the methane hydrate.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,34(6):771—780.
Jessop A M,Hobart M A and Sclater J G.1976.The world heat-flow data collection.Geothermal Service of Canada,Geothermal Series,S:120—125.
Shi X B,Qiu X L,Xia K Y et al.2003.Characteristics of surface heat flow in the South China Sea.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,22(3):265—277.
Wang P X,Prell W L,Blum P et al.2000.Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program initial reports.Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program,Initial Reports,184:1—50.
Yang S G,Hu S B,Cai D S et al.2004.Present-day heat flow,thermal history and tectonic subsidence of the East China Sea Basin.Marine and Petroleum Geology,21(9):1095—1105.
董冬冬,吴时国,张功成等.2008.南海北部深水盆地的裂陷过程及裂陷期延迟机制探讨.科学通报,53(19):2342—2351.Dong Dongdong,Wu Shiguo,Zhang Gongcheng et al.2008.Rifting process and formation mechanisms of syn-rift stage prolongation in the deepwater basin,northern South China Sea.Chinese Science Bulletin,53(23):3715—3725.
米立军,袁玉松,张功成等.2009.南海北部深水区地热特征及其成因.石油学报,30(1):27—32.Mi Lijun,Yuan Yusong,Zhang Congcheng et al.2009.Characteristics and genesis of geothennal field in deep-water area of the northern South China Sea.Acta Petrolei Sinica,30(1):27—32.
饶春涛,李平鲁.1991.珠江口盆地热流研究.中国海上油气(地质),5(6):7—18.Rao Chuntao and Li Pinglu.1991.Study of heat flow in Pearl River Mouth Basin.China Offshore Oil and Gas(Geology),5(6):7—18.
饶春涛.1994.珠江口盆地地热特征.南海东部石油,(1):10—18.Rao Chuntao.1994.Geothennal characteristics of Pearl River Mouth Basin.Eastern South China Sea Petroleum,(1):10—18.
王均,黄尚瑶,黄歌山等.1990.中国地温分布的基本特征.北京:地震出版社.20—50.Wang Jun,Huang Shangyao,Huang Geshan et al.1990.Basic Characteristics of the Earth's Temperature Distribution in China.Beijing:Seismological Press.20—50.
徐行,施小斌,罗贤虎等.2006a.南海北部海底地热测量的数据处理方法.现代地质,zo(3):457—464.Xu Xing,Shi Xiaobin,Luo Xianhu et al.2006a.Data processing methods of marine geothermal measurement on the northern margin of the South China Sea.Geoscience,20(3):457—464.
徐行,施小斌,罗贤虎等.2006b.南海西沙海槽地区的海底热流测量.海洋地质与第四纪地质,26(4):51—58.Xu Xing,Shi Xiaobin,Luo Xianhu et al.2006b.Heat flow measurements in the Xisha trough of the South China Sea.Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,26(4):51—58.
薛万俊,霍春兰,司桂贤等.1991.南海中北部晚第四纪古气候及古海洋学.南海地质研究,4:1—96Xue Wanjun,Huo Chunlan,Si Guixian et al.1991.Late Quaternary palaeoclimatology and palaeo-oceanography of the centralnorthern South China Sea.Geological Research of South China Sea,4:1—96.
杨树春,胡圣标,蔡东升等.2003.南黄海南部盆地地温场特征及热—构造演化.科学通报,48(14):1564—1569.Yang Shuchun,Hu Shengbiao,Cai Dongsheng et al.2003.Geothermal characteristics and tectonothennal evolution of the southern area of South Yellow Sea.Chinese Science Bulletin,48(14):1564—1569.
姚伯初,万玲,曾维军等.2006.中国南海海域岩石圈三维结构及演化.北京:地质出版社.20—50.Yao Bochu,Wan Ling,Zeng Weijun et al.2006.The Three-dimensional Structure of Lithosphere and Its Evolution in the South China Sea.Beijing:Geological Publishing House.20—50.
袁玉松,米立军,张功成等.2009.沉积盆地地温梯度研究中应注意的问题.地质评论,55(4):531—536.Yuan Yusong,Mi Lijun,Zhang Gongcheng et al.2009.Some remarks about geothermal gradient of sedimentary basins.Geological Review,55(4):531—536.
张健,宋海斌.2001.南海北部大陆架盆地热结构.地质力学学报,7(3):238—244.Zhang Jian and Song Haibin.2001.The thermal structure of main sedimentary basins in the northern margin of the South China Sea.Journal of Geomechanics,7(3):238—244.
张菊明,熊亮萍.1986.有限单元法在地热研究中的应用.北京:科学出版社.1—35.Zhang Juming and Xiong Liangping.1986.Application of Finite Element Method in the Study of Geothermal Field.Beijing:Science Press.1—35.
He L J,Wang J Y,Xu X et al.2009.Disparity between measured and BSR heat flow in the Xisha Trough of the South China Sea and its implications for the methane hydrate.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,34(6):771—780.
Jessop A M,Hobart M A and Sclater J G.1976.The world heat-flow data collection.Geothermal Service of Canada,Geothermal Series,S:120—125.
Shi X B,Qiu X L,Xia K Y et al.2003.Characteristics of surface heat flow in the South China Sea.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,22(3):265—277.
Wang P X,Prell W L,Blum P et al.2000.Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program initial reports.Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program,Initial Reports,184:1—50.
Yang S G,Hu S B,Cai D S et al.2004.Present-day heat flow,thermal history and tectonic subsidence of the East China Sea Basin.Marine and Petroleum Geology,21(9):1095—1105.
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