应用三分量浅层地震反射方法探测隐伏活动断裂
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摘要
多波多分量地震勘探方法在油气田勘探开发中日益受到重视,但在工程和活动断裂探测中过去还没有开展多波多分量地震勘探的先例.本文简要介绍了在北京黄庄—高丽营断裂上开展的三分量浅层地震反射试验数据采集和资料处理方法,以及取得的初步结果.试验结果表明,采用纵波震源或横波震源激发、三分量接收的浅层地震勘探方法,可获得较高信噪比的浅层地震纵波、横波和转换波剖面,特别是水平分量采集的横波和转换波可提供很有意义的地下结构和构造信息.综合利用纵波、横波和转换波剖面特征进行的地质分层和断层解释结果取得了与跨断层的钻孔联合地质剖面结果较好的一致性.
The multi-wave and multi-component seismic exploration method has been widely used in oil and gas field exploration and development.While this method has not been applied to engineering surveys and active fault investigations.This paper introduces briefly the data acquisition and processing methods applied to the three-component shallow seismic reflection test as well as some primary results on the Huangzhuang-Gaoliying fault in Beijing.The results show that using the shallow seismic data-acquisition technology with P-wave or S-wave vibroseis and three-component geophone,the shallow seismic P-wave,S-wave and converted-wave stacked section with high signal-noise ratio could be obtained.Especially the converted-wave and shear wave from horizontal components can reveal meaningful underground structure and tectonic information.Integrated geological interpretations of P-wave,S-wave and converted-wave staked sections yield stratification and fault structure which are consistent with the composite cross section from borehole data.
The multi-wave and multi-component seismic exploration method has been widely used in oil and gas field exploration and development.While this method has not been applied to engineering surveys and active fault investigations.This paper introduces briefly the data acquisition and processing methods applied to the three-component shallow seismic reflection test as well as some primary results on the Huangzhuang-Gaoliying fault in Beijing.The results show that using the shallow seismic data-acquisition technology with P-wave or S-wave vibroseis and three-component geophone,the shallow seismic P-wave,S-wave and converted-wave stacked section with high signal-noise ratio could be obtained.Especially the converted-wave and shear wave from horizontal components can reveal meaningful underground structure and tectonic information.Integrated geological interpretations of P-wave,S-wave and converted-wave staked sections yield stratification and fault structure which are consistent with the composite cross section from borehole data.
引文
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[13]董敏煜.多波多分量地震勘探技术.北京:石油工业出版社,2002.Dong M Y.The Multi-Wave and Multi-Component Seismic Exploration(in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2002.
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[15]Brown R J,Steward R R,Lawton D C.A proposed polarity standard for multicomponent seismic data.Geophysics,2003,67(4):1028-1037.
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[2]黄绪德,杨文霞.转换波地震勘探.北京:石油工业出版社,2008.Huang X D,Yang W X.Converted-Wave Seismic Exploration(in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2008.
[3]De Angelo M V,Reminqton R,Murray P E,et al.Multicomponent seismic technology for imaging deep gas prospects.The Leading Edge,2004,23(12):1270-1281.
[4]Li X Y,Dai H C,Michael C,et al.Compensating for the effects of gas clouds on C-wave imaging:A case study from Valhal.The Leading Edge,2001,20(12):1022-1028.
[5]Stewart R R,Gaiser J E,Brown R J,et al.Converted-wave seismic exploration:Applications.Geophysics,2003,68(1):40-57.
[6]王建民,付雷,张向君等.多分量地震勘探技术在大庆地区的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(4):426-430.Wang J M,Fu L,Zhang X J,et al.Application of multicomponent seismic exploration in the Daqing region.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2006,41(4):426-430.
[7]侯爱源,李彦鹏,谷跃民.苏里格二维转换波勘探应用研究与效果.勘探地球物理进展,2005,28(3):195-199.Hou A Y,Li Y P,Gu Y M.Application of2Dconverted-wave seismic exploration in the Sulige,gasfield.Progress in Exploration Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,28(3):195-199.
[8]徐锡伟,吴卫民,张先康等.华北地区地壳最新构造变动与地震.北京:科学出版社,2002.Xu X W,Wu W M,Zhang X K,et al.The Latest Crustal Deformation and Earthquake in North China(in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,2002.
[9]焦青,邱泽华,范国胜.北京地区八宝山—黄庄—高丽营断裂的活动与地震分析.大地测量与地球动力学,2005,25(4):50-54.Jiao Q,Qiu Z H,Fan G S.Analysis on recent tectonic activity and seismicity of Babaoshan-Huangzhuang-Gaoliying fault in Beijing region.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),2005,25(4):50-54.
[10]刘保金,胡平,陈颙等.北京平原西北部地壳浅部结构和隐伏活动断裂———地震反射剖面揭示.地球物理学报,2009,52(8):2015-2025.Liu B J,Hu P,Chen Y,et al.The crustal shallow structures and buried active faults revealed by seismic reflection profilesin northwestern area of Beijing plain.Chinese J.Geophys.(),,():
[11]胡平,刘保金,白立新等.奥林匹克公园地区隐伏断裂综合探测.地球物理学报,2010,53(6):1486-1494.Hu P,Liu B J,Bai L X,et al.Synthetic exploration of the buried faults in Olympic park area.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(6):1486-1494.
[12]常旭,李林新,刘伊克等.北京断陷黄庄—高丽营断层伪随机可控震源地震剖面.地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1503-1510.Chang X,Li L X,Liu Y K,et al.Seismic profile of Huangzhuang-Gaoliying fault in Beijing by Mini-sosie method.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(5):1503-1510.
[13]董敏煜.多波多分量地震勘探技术.北京:石油工业出版社,2002.Dong M Y.The Multi-Wave and Multi-Component Seismic Exploration(in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2002.
[14]谢里夫R E,吉尔达特L W.勘探地震学.北京:石油工业出版社,1999.Sheriff R E,Gardner L W.Exploration Seismology(in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1999.
[15]Brown R J,Steward R R,Lawton D C.A proposed polarity standard for multicomponent seismic data.Geophysics,2003,67(4):1028-1037.
[16]中国地震局.中国地震活动断层探测技术系统技术规程.北京:地震出版社,2005:3-42.China Seismological Bureau.Stipulation on Technical System for China Earthquake Active Fault Surveying(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,2005:3-42.
[17]中国地震局.活断层探测方法.北京:地震出版社,2005.China Seismological Bureau.Method for Surveying and Prospecting of Active Fault(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,2005.
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