可控震源谐波影响因素分析及对策
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摘要
在应用可控震源进行地震资料采集时会产生谐波干扰,谐波畸变包括振幅畸变和相位畸变,这些畸变会降低相关信号的质量。本文从可控震源机械本身、地表耦合以及震源参数三个方面对谐波干扰产生的原因以及分布特征进行了分析。以可控震源振动与大地耦合响应、谐波能量与施工参数关系理论分析为基础,对不同地表耦合程度和不同激发参数产生谐波的大小及对资料的影响程度进行了科学分析和定量计算。在地表耦合上,首次提出了基于"半刚度"地表耦合谐波压制技术,指出增加一次空振扫描可改善可控震源与疏松地表耦合效果。在震源参数上,分析了震源台数、扫描长度、振动次数、扫描宽度等参数对谐波出现时间和振幅能量的影响,建议采用"少台、少次、低驱动、长扫描"激发方式。
Vibroseis sources produce harmonic interference on seismic data acquisition.This interferenceincludes amplitude distortion and phase distortion,which affect data quality.We discuss in this paper harmonics caused from vibrator mechanics,surface coupling,and source parameters,and its distribution characteristics.We analyze quantitatively harmonics of different surface couplings and different source parameters based on the vibration and earth coupling theory and the relationship between harmonics and source parameters.Then we propose a harmonic suppressing approach based on half-stiffness surface coupling.Meanwhile,an additional resonance sweep may improve coupling between vibrator plate and loose surface.We analyze source parameters influence on harmonics including number of units/fleet, number of sweeps,sweep length,sweep frequency band etc.Our proposal offewer units,fewer sweeps,lower drive,and longer sweep length" may be helpful for harmonics attenuation during the data acquisition.
Vibroseis sources produce harmonic interference on seismic data acquisition.This interferenceincludes amplitude distortion and phase distortion,which affect data quality.We discuss in this paper harmonics caused from vibrator mechanics,surface coupling,and source parameters,and its distribution characteristics.We analyze quantitatively harmonics of different surface couplings and different source parameters based on the vibration and earth coupling theory and the relationship between harmonics and source parameters.Then we propose a harmonic suppressing approach based on half-stiffness surface coupling.Meanwhile,an additional resonance sweep may improve coupling between vibrator plate and loose surface.We analyze source parameters influence on harmonics including number of units/fleet, number of sweeps,sweep length,sweep frequency band etc.Our proposal offewer units,fewer sweeps,lower drive,and longer sweep length" may be helpful for harmonics attenuation during the data acquisition.
引文
[1]刘世文,陈振声.可控震源谐振干扰的压制.石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(1):26-30.Liu Shiwen,Chen Zhensheng.The suppression of harmonic interference of vibroseis.OGP,1998,33(1):26-30.
[2]张宏乐.可控震源信号中的谐波畸变影响及消除.物探装备,2003,13(4):224-230.Zhang Hongle.The effect and evacuation of harmonic interference in vibroseis signal.Equipment for Geophysical Prospecting,2003,13(4):224-230.
[3]曹务祥,张慕刚.滑动扫描谐波分析.石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(5):500-503.Cao Wuxiang,Zhang Mugang.The analysis of harmonic interference on side sweeping.OGP,2005,40(5):500-503.
[4]郭亚平,华顺翔.谐波干扰产生的原因及压制.吐哈油气,2002,7(2):155-158.Guo Yaping,Hua Shunxiang.The reason and suppression of harmonic interference.TuHa Oil and Gas,2002,7(2):155-158.
[5]魏铁.可控震源噪声分析.石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(增刊2):39-43.Wei Tie.The analysis of noise of vibroseis.OGP,2008,43(S2):39-43.
[6]IIIHeepCOH M B等.可控震源信号的非线性失真和相位畸变及其校正方法.国外油气勘探,1999,22(3):449-454.IIIHeepCOH M B et al.The adjusting method of nonlinear distortion and phase distortion in vibroseis signal.Oil and Gas Exploration Abroads,1999,22(3):449-454.
[7]曹务祥.疏松地表对震源信号的影响与施工方法的改进.石油物探,2007,46(2):171-173.Cao Wuxiang.The effect of vibroseis signal in loose surface and the improvement on construction method.GPP,2007,46(2):171-173.
[8]田新琦,周彤,王志明等.滑动扫描可控震源地震数据谐波干扰的消除方法.石油物探,2011,50(6):566-574.Tian Xinqi,Zhou Tong,Wang Zhiming et al.The method of evacuation of harmonic interference on the data of vibroseis about side sweeping.GPP,2011,50(6):566-574.
[9]丁华.可控震源技术在地震地质条件复杂区的应用.河北煤碳,2007,14(3):21-29.Ding Hua.The application of the technology of vibroseis in complex area of the condition of seismogeology.Hebei Coal,2007,14(3):21-29.
[10]刘益成.可控震源滑动扫描记录信号分离原理分析.石油天然气学报,2009,31(2):50-58.Liu Yicheng.The analysis of the theory on the separation of signal in the data of side sweeping on vibroseis.Journal of Oil and Gas,2009,31(2):50-58.
[11]薛海飞.可控震源地震勘探中的参数选择.物探与化探,2010,34(4):186-190.Xue Haifei.The choose of parameters in the geophysical exploration of vibroseis.Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2010,34(4):186-190.
[12]曹务祥.可控震源技术使用误区分析.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(3):342-345.Cao Wuxiang.The analysis of misunderstanding of application of the technology of vibroseis.OGP,2006,41(3):342-345.
[2]张宏乐.可控震源信号中的谐波畸变影响及消除.物探装备,2003,13(4):224-230.Zhang Hongle.The effect and evacuation of harmonic interference in vibroseis signal.Equipment for Geophysical Prospecting,2003,13(4):224-230.
[3]曹务祥,张慕刚.滑动扫描谐波分析.石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(5):500-503.Cao Wuxiang,Zhang Mugang.The analysis of harmonic interference on side sweeping.OGP,2005,40(5):500-503.
[4]郭亚平,华顺翔.谐波干扰产生的原因及压制.吐哈油气,2002,7(2):155-158.Guo Yaping,Hua Shunxiang.The reason and suppression of harmonic interference.TuHa Oil and Gas,2002,7(2):155-158.
[5]魏铁.可控震源噪声分析.石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(增刊2):39-43.Wei Tie.The analysis of noise of vibroseis.OGP,2008,43(S2):39-43.
[6]IIIHeepCOH M B等.可控震源信号的非线性失真和相位畸变及其校正方法.国外油气勘探,1999,22(3):449-454.IIIHeepCOH M B et al.The adjusting method of nonlinear distortion and phase distortion in vibroseis signal.Oil and Gas Exploration Abroads,1999,22(3):449-454.
[7]曹务祥.疏松地表对震源信号的影响与施工方法的改进.石油物探,2007,46(2):171-173.Cao Wuxiang.The effect of vibroseis signal in loose surface and the improvement on construction method.GPP,2007,46(2):171-173.
[8]田新琦,周彤,王志明等.滑动扫描可控震源地震数据谐波干扰的消除方法.石油物探,2011,50(6):566-574.Tian Xinqi,Zhou Tong,Wang Zhiming et al.The method of evacuation of harmonic interference on the data of vibroseis about side sweeping.GPP,2011,50(6):566-574.
[9]丁华.可控震源技术在地震地质条件复杂区的应用.河北煤碳,2007,14(3):21-29.Ding Hua.The application of the technology of vibroseis in complex area of the condition of seismogeology.Hebei Coal,2007,14(3):21-29.
[10]刘益成.可控震源滑动扫描记录信号分离原理分析.石油天然气学报,2009,31(2):50-58.Liu Yicheng.The analysis of the theory on the separation of signal in the data of side sweeping on vibroseis.Journal of Oil and Gas,2009,31(2):50-58.
[11]薛海飞.可控震源地震勘探中的参数选择.物探与化探,2010,34(4):186-190.Xue Haifei.The choose of parameters in the geophysical exploration of vibroseis.Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2010,34(4):186-190.
[12]曹务祥.可控震源技术使用误区分析.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(3):342-345.Cao Wuxiang.The analysis of misunderstanding of application of the technology of vibroseis.OGP,2006,41(3):342-345.
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