两组垂直裂缝P波走时分析及裂缝参数反演
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摘要
对于包含两组垂直裂缝的各向同性地层,正交各向异性介质是与实际地层最符合的地质模型.本文根据等效理论将裂缝介质等效为各向异性介质.研究发现裂缝介质P波速度与时距曲线具有强烈的方位各向异性特征,且各向异性参数随方位周期性变化.根据最小二乘的方法反演各向异性参数,首先选取三条呈一定角度的测线根据P波速度反演裂缝方位角,然后根据本文的方法反演各向异性参数以及裂缝参数.分别用信噪比为10,5,1的地震数据,该方法能得到准确的裂缝参数,证明了该方法的稳定性和抗噪性.模型试算表明,本文提出的方法可以得到较高精度的裂缝方位角以及裂缝参数,为利用地震数据进行精确的裂缝参数反演提供依据.
Orthorhombic model is the simplest model used to describe realistic fractured reservoirs in orthogonal fracture systems in purely isotropic layer. Fracture medium is equivalented to the anisotropic medium using the equivalent theory.The P-wave velocity and P-wave traveltime-distance curves show strong azimuthal anisotropy and anisotropy parameters Periodic change along with the azimuth.Based on the least squares method to the inverse the anisotropic parameters and P-wave velocity and fracture parameters.We can get the accurate fracture parameters when using the seismic data with noise which provides the stability and noise resistance of the method.The model result show that the proposed method can get higher accuracy of fracture azimuth and fracture parameters,which provide a basis for accurate inversion using the seismic data.
Orthorhombic model is the simplest model used to describe realistic fractured reservoirs in orthogonal fracture systems in purely isotropic layer. Fracture medium is equivalented to the anisotropic medium using the equivalent theory.The P-wave velocity and P-wave traveltime-distance curves show strong azimuthal anisotropy and anisotropy parameters Periodic change along with the azimuth.Based on the least squares method to the inverse the anisotropic parameters and P-wave velocity and fracture parameters.We can get the accurate fracture parameters when using the seismic data with noise which provides the stability and noise resistance of the method.The model result show that the proposed method can get higher accuracy of fracture azimuth and fracture parameters,which provide a basis for accurate inversion using the seismic data.
引文
Alkhalifah T.1997.Velocity analysis using nonhyperbolic moveoutin transversely isotropic media[J].Geophysics,62(6):1839-1854.
Bakulin A,Grechka V,Tsvankin L.2000a.Estimation of fractureparameters from reflection seismic data——Part1:HTI model dueto a single fracture set[J].Geophysics,65(6):1788-1802.
Bakulin A,Grechka V,Tsvankin L.2000b.Estimation of fractureparameters from reflection seismic data-Part2:Fracture modleswith orthorhombic symmetry[J].Geophysics,65(6):1803-1817.
Bakulin A,Grechka V,Tsvankin L.2000c.Estimation of fractureparameters from reflection seismic data-Part3:Fracture modleswith monoclinic symmetry[J].Geophysics,65(6):1788-1802.
Chichiniana T,Sabinin V,Ronquillo-Jarillo G.2006.QVOAanalysis:P-wave attenuation anisotropy for fracturecharacterization[J].Geophysics,71(3):C37-C48.
Downton J,Gray D.2006.AVAZ parameter uncertainty estimation[C].//Expanded Abstracts of 76th Annual Internat SEG Mtg:234-238.
Grechka V,Tsvankin I.1998.Feasibility of nonhyperbolic moveoutinversion in transversely isotropic media[J].Geophysics,63(3):957-969.
Hudson J A.1981.Wave speeds and attenuation of elastic wave inmaterial containing cracks[J].Geophysics,1981,64(1):133-150.
Ruger A.1997.P-wave reflection coefficients for transverselyisotropic models with vertical and horizontal axis of symmetry[J].Geophysics,62(3)713-722.
Schoenberg M,Sayers C M.1995.Seismic anisotropy of fracturedrock[J].Geophysics,60(1):204-221.
Thomsen L.1986.Weak elastic anisotropy[J].Geophysics,51(10):1954-1966.
Tsvankin L,Thomson L.1994.Nonhyerbolic reflection moveout inanisotropic media[J].Geophysics,59(8):1290-1304.
Tsvankin L,Thomson L.1995.Inversion of reflection traveltimesfor transverse isotropy[J].Geophysics,60(4):1095-1107.
Tsvankin L.1997.Anisotropic parameters and P-wave velocity fororthorhombic media[J].Geophysics,62(4):1292-1309.
刁顺,杨慧珠,许云.1994a.非均匀散射[J].石油物探,33(4):49-55.
刁顺,杨慧珠,许云.1994b.TI介质裂纹散射研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,29(5):545-551.
刘恩儒,岳建华,潘冬明.2006.地震各向异性——多组裂隙对横波偏振的影响[J].地球物理学报,49(5):1401-1409.
吕景发.1985.波在含有各向异性不均匀体介质中的散射理论[J].地球物理学报,28(4):437-442.
唐晓明,钱玉萍,陈雪莲.2013.孔隙、裂隙介质弹性波理论的实验研究[J].地球物理学报,56(12):4226-4233.
熊翥.2005.西部碳酸盐岩储层识别和特征描述[J].勘探地球物理进展,28(4):229-233.
Bakulin A,Grechka V,Tsvankin L.2000a.Estimation of fractureparameters from reflection seismic data——Part1:HTI model dueto a single fracture set[J].Geophysics,65(6):1788-1802.
Bakulin A,Grechka V,Tsvankin L.2000b.Estimation of fractureparameters from reflection seismic data-Part2:Fracture modleswith orthorhombic symmetry[J].Geophysics,65(6):1803-1817.
Bakulin A,Grechka V,Tsvankin L.2000c.Estimation of fractureparameters from reflection seismic data-Part3:Fracture modleswith monoclinic symmetry[J].Geophysics,65(6):1788-1802.
Chichiniana T,Sabinin V,Ronquillo-Jarillo G.2006.QVOAanalysis:P-wave attenuation anisotropy for fracturecharacterization[J].Geophysics,71(3):C37-C48.
Downton J,Gray D.2006.AVAZ parameter uncertainty estimation[C].//Expanded Abstracts of 76th Annual Internat SEG Mtg:234-238.
Grechka V,Tsvankin I.1998.Feasibility of nonhyperbolic moveoutinversion in transversely isotropic media[J].Geophysics,63(3):957-969.
Hudson J A.1981.Wave speeds and attenuation of elastic wave inmaterial containing cracks[J].Geophysics,1981,64(1):133-150.
Ruger A.1997.P-wave reflection coefficients for transverselyisotropic models with vertical and horizontal axis of symmetry[J].Geophysics,62(3)713-722.
Schoenberg M,Sayers C M.1995.Seismic anisotropy of fracturedrock[J].Geophysics,60(1):204-221.
Thomsen L.1986.Weak elastic anisotropy[J].Geophysics,51(10):1954-1966.
Tsvankin L,Thomson L.1994.Nonhyerbolic reflection moveout inanisotropic media[J].Geophysics,59(8):1290-1304.
Tsvankin L,Thomson L.1995.Inversion of reflection traveltimesfor transverse isotropy[J].Geophysics,60(4):1095-1107.
Tsvankin L.1997.Anisotropic parameters and P-wave velocity fororthorhombic media[J].Geophysics,62(4):1292-1309.
刁顺,杨慧珠,许云.1994a.非均匀散射[J].石油物探,33(4):49-55.
刁顺,杨慧珠,许云.1994b.TI介质裂纹散射研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,29(5):545-551.
刘恩儒,岳建华,潘冬明.2006.地震各向异性——多组裂隙对横波偏振的影响[J].地球物理学报,49(5):1401-1409.
吕景发.1985.波在含有各向异性不均匀体介质中的散射理论[J].地球物理学报,28(4):437-442.
唐晓明,钱玉萍,陈雪莲.2013.孔隙、裂隙介质弹性波理论的实验研究[J].地球物理学报,56(12):4226-4233.
熊翥.2005.西部碳酸盐岩储层识别和特征描述[J].勘探地球物理进展,28(4):229-233.
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