祁连山和首都圈卫星热红外背景场变化特征
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摘要
掌握非震情况下的热红外亮温背景场及其时空变化规律是有效提取地震红外异常信息的关键。利用2003—2011年NOAA卫星夜间热红外遥感数据构建祁连山和首都圈亮温背景场,分析其时空演化特征。结果表明:红外亮温背景场受季节、地形和断裂活动等多种因素的影响,其中受季节变化影响最大,年变规律明显;不同地理环境,亮温年变特征呈现不同形式,对于地形地貌复杂的地区,亮温变化曲线不稳定,红外亮温与地面高程呈显著的负相关关系,地面高程每增加100 m,亮温降低约0.21～0.63℃,这与我国气温直减率基本一致;活动断裂带在红外图像上表现为明显的高亮温线性条带或亮温分界带;多年平均背景场平滑了气候等突变信息,呈现出稳定性较强的规律性变化特征,为断裂活动和地震所引起的增温异常检测提供了稳定的亮温变化基准场。
Understanding the thermal infrared background field and its temporal-spatial evolution characteristics under the condition of no earthquake is the key to the effective extraction of infrared anomaly information related to earthquake.The brightness temperature background fields in the study areas of the Qilian Mountains and the Capital Zone were established using NOAA satellite thermal infrared remote sensing data from 2003 to 2011.At the same time,the temporal-spatial evolution characteristics of infrared brightness temperature background fields were analyzed.The results show that the background field of brightness temperature is influenced jointly by many factors,such as seasonal variation,terrain,and fault activity.Seasonal variation is the most important factor affecting infrared brightness temperature which has the obvious annual variation feature.In consideration of geographical environment difference,the characteristics of annual variation show different manners.The brightness temperature changes unstably in the region where topographical features are complicated.The relationship between the infrared brightness temperature and the elevation shows prominent negative correlation,and the brightness temperature is reduced by about 0.21 ～ 0.63℃ with the increase of 100 m in ground elevation,which is in accordance with the temperature lapse rate.The active fault belts obviously display linear belts or the boundary of the brightness temperature in the thermal infrared temperature images.Studies show the variation characteristics of the multi annual average background field which smoothes some climate change information such as atmosphere,and this field is regarded as a stable reference field of brightness temperature to detect the temperature-increase anomaly caused by fault activity and earthquake.
Understanding the thermal infrared background field and its temporal-spatial evolution characteristics under the condition of no earthquake is the key to the effective extraction of infrared anomaly information related to earthquake.The brightness temperature background fields in the study areas of the Qilian Mountains and the Capital Zone were established using NOAA satellite thermal infrared remote sensing data from 2003 to 2011.At the same time,the temporal-spatial evolution characteristics of infrared brightness temperature background fields were analyzed.The results show that the background field of brightness temperature is influenced jointly by many factors,such as seasonal variation,terrain,and fault activity.Seasonal variation is the most important factor affecting infrared brightness temperature which has the obvious annual variation feature.In consideration of geographical environment difference,the characteristics of annual variation show different manners.The brightness temperature changes unstably in the region where topographical features are complicated.The relationship between the infrared brightness temperature and the elevation shows prominent negative correlation,and the brightness temperature is reduced by about 0.21 ～ 0.63℃ with the increase of 100 m in ground elevation,which is in accordance with the temperature lapse rate.The active fault belts obviously display linear belts or the boundary of the brightness temperature in the thermal infrared temperature images.Studies show the variation characteristics of the multi annual average background field which smoothes some climate change information such as atmosphere,and this field is regarded as a stable reference field of brightness temperature to detect the temperature-increase anomaly caused by fault activity and earthquake.
引文
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[2]Saraf A K,Rawat V,Banerjee P,et al.Satellite detection of earth-quake thermal infrared precursors in Iran[J].Nat Hazards,2008,47(1):119-135.
[3]马瑾,单新建.利用遥感技术研究断层现今活动的探索———以玛尼地震前后断层相互作用为例[J].地震地质,2000,22(3):210-215.Ma J,Shan X J.An attempt to study fault activity using remotesensing technology:A case of the Mani earthquake[J].Seismologyand Geology,2000,22(3):210-215.
[4]荆凤,申旭辉,张铁宝,等.与地震有关的活动断裂带红外辐射变化特征[J].国土资源遥感,2013,25(1):56-60.Jing F,Shen X H,Zhang T B,et al.Variation characteristics in in-frared radiation of active fault zone related to earthquakes[J].Re-mote Sensing for Land and Resources,2013,25(1):56-60.
[5]陈顺云,马瑾,刘培洵,等.中国地表亮度温度年变基准场[J].地震地质,2004,26(3):528-538.Chen S Y,Ma J,Liu P X,et al.Normal annual variation field ofland surface brightness temperature in China[J].Seismology andGeology,2004,26(3):528-538.
[6]屈春燕,单新建,马瑾.地震活动热红外异常的影响因素分析[J].地震研究,2007,30(2):113-119.Qu C Y,Shan X J,Ma J.Influence factors to seismic infraredanomaly[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2007,30(2):113-119.
[7]郭卫英,马瑾,单新建.活动断裂带的地形地貌差异与红外亮温年变特征的研究[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(5):1437-1443.Guo W Y,Ma J,Shan X J.Researches on the yearly characteristic ofIR brightness temperature and the different hypsography on the ac-tive faults[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(5):1437-1443.
[8]温少妍,屈春燕,闫丽莉,等.区域红外亮温背景场建立方法及初步应用[J].地震,2011,31(2):59-67.Wen S Y,Qu C Y,Yan L L,et al.Method for constructing regionalbrightness temperature background field and its preliminary appli-cation[J].Earthquake,2011,31(2):59-67.
[9]董治平,冯建刚,王先,等.祁连山构造带地震迁移活动特征分析[J].国际地震动态,2007,346(10):8-14.Dong Z P,Feng J G,Wang X,et al.Characteristics of earthquakesmigration along the Qilianshan structural zone[J].Recent Devel-opments in World Seismology,2007,346(10):8-14.
[10]韩月萍,杨国华,董运宏,等.首都圈地区现今地壳垂直形变特征[J].华北地震科学,2009,27(1):13-16.Han Y P,Yang G H,Dong Y H,et al.The current characteristics ofvertical crustal deformation of the Capital Circal[J].North ChinaEarthquake Sciences,2009,27(1):13-16.
[11]王若柏,顾国华,徐杰,等.张家口-渤海地震构造带的地壳形变研究[J].地震地质,2004,12(4):586-595.Wang R B,Gu G H,Xu J,et al.Discussion on characteristics ofcrustal deformation along the Zhangjiakou-Bohai seismotectoniczone[J].Seismology and Geology,2004,12(4):586-595.
[12]方精云.我国气温直减率分布规律的研究[J].科学通报,1992(9):817-820.Fang J Y.Study on distribution rules of air temperature lapse-ratein China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1992(9):817-820.
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