2014年4月2日智利海啸数值模拟与分析
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摘要
北京时间2014年4月2日智利北部近海发生8.2级地震。地震引发了海啸,南美智利、秘鲁等国沿岸的多个海洋站监测到了明显的海啸波动。文章利用国家海洋环境预报中心开发的CTSU海啸数值模式对这次智利海啸事件进行了数值模拟。模拟结果显示距离震源最近的智利北部受灾严重,秘鲁以及智利南部等海域的海啸波相对较小。沿海站点的第一波海啸波的数值模拟曲线与实测曲线基本吻合。由于数值模型的理想化和近岸水深地形数据分辨率不够,后续海啸波部分模拟结果与实测值存在一定误差。
An Mw 8.2 earthquake was occurred closed to the Northern Chile on April 2, 2014(CST). The tsunami was generated following earthquake. Obvious tsunami signals were recorded at several tide gauges along Chile,Peru and other South American countries coastal areas. A simulation of the tsunami was conducted with CTSU model which was developed by National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center(NMEFC). The modeled results show that Northern Chile coastline, which is the closest to epicenter, was suffered seriously. The tsunami wave amplitudes in Peru and Southern Chile shoreline were small in contrast. The simulation shows a good agreement with observation for the leading wave. For the subsequent tsunami wave, the deviation of simulation compared to measurements were existed due to the idealized tsunami source model and coarse bathymetry data near the coastline, which were used in this simulation.
An Mw 8.2 earthquake was occurred closed to the Northern Chile on April 2, 2014(CST). The tsunami was generated following earthquake. Obvious tsunami signals were recorded at several tide gauges along Chile,Peru and other South American countries coastal areas. A simulation of the tsunami was conducted with CTSU model which was developed by National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center(NMEFC). The modeled results show that Northern Chile coastline, which is the closest to epicenter, was suffered seriously. The tsunami wave amplitudes in Peru and Southern Chile shoreline were small in contrast. The simulation shows a good agreement with observation for the leading wave. For the subsequent tsunami wave, the deviation of simulation compared to measurements were existed due to the idealized tsunami source model and coarse bathymetry data near the coastline, which were used in this simulation.
引文
[1]UNESCO/IOC,International Oceanographic Commission Technical Series 85[K].Tsunami Glossary 2008,8.
[2]侯京明,李涛,范婷婷,等.全球海啸灾害事件统计及预警系统简述[J].海洋预报,2013,30(4):87-92.
[3]USGS,http://comcat.cr.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usc000nzvd#summary
[4]于福江,王培涛,赵联大,等.2010年智利地震海啸数值模拟及其对我国沿海的影响分析[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(4):918-925.
[5]Okada Y.Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space[J].Bulletin of Seismological Society of America,2008,75(4):1135-1154.
[6]Wang D L,Becker N C,Walsh D,et al.Real-time forecasting of the April 11,2012 Sumatra tsunami[J].Geophysical Research Letters,39,L19601,doi:10.1029/2012GL053081.
[7]于福江,叶琳,王喜年.1994年发生在台湾海峡的一次地震海啸的数值模拟[J].海洋学报,2001,23(6):32-39.
[8]IUGG/IOC Time project,numerical method of tsunami simulation with the leap-frog scheme[K].1997.
[9]Cornell University,http://ceeserver.cee.cornell.edu/pll-group/comcot.htm
[10]USGS,http://comcat.cr.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usc000nzvd#scientific_moment-tensor
[11]NOAA/NGDC,http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/global/global.html
[12]Reuters,http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/04/02/us-chile-earthquake-id USBREA3101G20140402
[13]ITIC,http://itic.ioc-unesco.org/images/stories/list_of_tsunamis/2014/01apr2014_chile/Washington%20Post%20-%20Chiles%20M8.2%20quake%20causes%20little%20damage%20death.pdf
[2]侯京明,李涛,范婷婷,等.全球海啸灾害事件统计及预警系统简述[J].海洋预报,2013,30(4):87-92.
[3]USGS,http://comcat.cr.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usc000nzvd#summary
[4]于福江,王培涛,赵联大,等.2010年智利地震海啸数值模拟及其对我国沿海的影响分析[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(4):918-925.
[5]Okada Y.Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space[J].Bulletin of Seismological Society of America,2008,75(4):1135-1154.
[6]Wang D L,Becker N C,Walsh D,et al.Real-time forecasting of the April 11,2012 Sumatra tsunami[J].Geophysical Research Letters,39,L19601,doi:10.1029/2012GL053081.
[7]于福江,叶琳,王喜年.1994年发生在台湾海峡的一次地震海啸的数值模拟[J].海洋学报,2001,23(6):32-39.
[8]IUGG/IOC Time project,numerical method of tsunami simulation with the leap-frog scheme[K].1997.
[9]Cornell University,http://ceeserver.cee.cornell.edu/pll-group/comcot.htm
[10]USGS,http://comcat.cr.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usc000nzvd#scientific_moment-tensor
[11]NOAA/NGDC,http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/global/global.html
[12]Reuters,http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/04/02/us-chile-earthquake-id USBREA3101G20140402
[13]ITIC,http://itic.ioc-unesco.org/images/stories/list_of_tsunamis/2014/01apr2014_chile/Washington%20Post%20-%20Chiles%20M8.2%20quake%20causes%20little%20damage%20death.pdf
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