基于倾角控制的构造导向滤波及其应用
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摘要
复杂断裂区的地震资料受到采集、处理中多个环节多种因素的影响,往往信噪比较低、成像质量较差.能够有效抑制噪声同时保持地震反射结构信息的解释性处理是更好、更快地进行构造解释的前提.为此,提出了将地层反射倾角信息与各向异性扩散滤波技术相结合的方法,对复杂构造区低品质地震资料进行滤波处理,以提高地震资料的信噪比,增强地震反射同相轴一致连续性,突出断层边界特征.模型正演合成记录和实际资料应用效果表明,基于倾角控制的构造导向滤波,不仅有效地压制了噪声,使得同相轴的一致连续性增强,并保留了断层、裂隙等边缘细节信息,在剖面上更容易识别和解释层位和断层.通过倾角控制滤波的相干属性消除了陡倾地层造成的背景干扰,断裂展布更加清晰,更有利于构造目标的精细解释.
Seismic data of complex fault zone is severely affected by many factors in seismic acquisition and processing,so it usually has low signal to noise ratio and bad imaging quality.To eliminate random noise effectively and keep the structure information of seismic reflection at the same time is the basis of better and faster interpretation in these areas.This paper proposed a method by combination of dip information of seismic reflection and anisotropic diffusion filter technique,to improve the SNR of seismic data in complex fault zone,enhance the coherence of seismic reflection event,and highlight the edges.Results of numerical trial and application in real 3ddata indicate that,the dip controlled anisotropic diffusion filter has effectively smoothed the reflection event without blurring relevant details of faults and discontinuities,making it easier to identify horizons and faults on seismic sections.The similarity time slice based on filtered data has wiped out the background noise caused by dip stratums.The distribution of faults on similarity slices of anisotropic diffusion filtered data are much clearer than that on similarity slice of raw data or median filtered data,hence show the efficiency of dip controlled diffusion filter.
Seismic data of complex fault zone is severely affected by many factors in seismic acquisition and processing,so it usually has low signal to noise ratio and bad imaging quality.To eliminate random noise effectively and keep the structure information of seismic reflection at the same time is the basis of better and faster interpretation in these areas.This paper proposed a method by combination of dip information of seismic reflection and anisotropic diffusion filter technique,to improve the SNR of seismic data in complex fault zone,enhance the coherence of seismic reflection event,and highlight the edges.Results of numerical trial and application in real 3ddata indicate that,the dip controlled anisotropic diffusion filter has effectively smoothed the reflection event without blurring relevant details of faults and discontinuities,making it easier to identify horizons and faults on seismic sections.The similarity time slice based on filtered data has wiped out the background noise caused by dip stratums.The distribution of faults on similarity slices of anisotropic diffusion filtered data are much clearer than that on similarity slice of raw data or median filtered data,hence show the efficiency of dip controlled diffusion filter.
引文
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Barnes A E.1996.Theory of 2-d complex seismic trace analysis[J].Geophysics,61(1):264-272.
Chen F,Li J Z,Huang J M,et al.2003.Application research of digital image processing method for improving signal to noise ratio of seismic section image[J].Progress in Geophysics,18(4):758-764,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2003.04.030.
Chen F,Li J Z,Li D D,et al.2004.A model of nonlinear anisotropic diffusion for increasing signal to noise ratio of seismic image[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,31(2):77-80.
Fehmers G C,Hcker C F W.2003.Fast structural interpretation with structure-oriented filtering[J].Geophysics,68(4):1286-1293.
Lavialle O,Pop S,Germain C,et al.2007.Seismic fault preserving diffusion[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,61(2):132-141.
Lin H B,Li Y,Xu X C.2011.Segmenting time-frequency peak filtering method to attenuation of seismic random noise[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,54(5):1358-1366,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.05.025.
Liu Y,Wang D,Liu C,et al.2011.Weighted median filter based on local correlation and its application to poststack random noise attenuation[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),54 (2):358-367,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.02.012.
Liu Y,Wang D,Liu C,et al.2014.Structure-oriented filtering and fault detection based on nonstationary similarity[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),57(4):1177-1187,doi:10 .6038/cjg20140415.
Luo Y,Higgs W,Kowalik W.1996.Edge detection and stratigraphic analysis using 3dseismic data[C].//1996SEG Annual Meeting,324-327.
Luo Y,Marhoon M,Dossary S A,et al.2002.Edge-preserving smoothing and applications[J].The Leading Edge,21(2):136-158.
Marfurt K J.2006.Robust estimates of 3dreflector dip and azimuth[J].Geophysics,71(4):29-40.
Wang J,Chen Y H,Xu D H,et al.2009.Structure-oriented edgepreserving smoothing based on accurate estimation of orientation and edges[J].Applied Geophysics,6(4):367-376.
Wang W,Gao J H,Chen W C,et al.2012.Random seismic noise suppression via structure-adaptive median filter[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),55(5):1732-1741,doi:10 .6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.05.030.
Wang X S,Yang C C.2006.An edge-preserving smoothing algorithm of seismic image using nonlinear anisotropic diffusion equation[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),21(2):452 -457,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2006.02.017.
Weickert J.1999.Coherence-enhancing diffusion filtering[J].International Journal of Computer Vision,31(2-3):111-127.
Yan Z,Gu H M,Cai C G.2013.Seismic image enhancing based on anisotropic diffusion[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),48(3):390-394.
Yang N,He Z H,Wen X T,et al.2010.SOF seismic image enhancement method based on the dip diffusion factor[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),45(6):833-835.
Yang P J,Mu X,Zhang J T.2010.Orientational edge preserving fault enhance[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),53 (12):2992-2997,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.12.023.
陈凤,李金宗,黄建明,等.2003.利用数字图像处理技术提高地震剖面图像信噪比[J].地球物理学进展,18(4):758-764,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2003.04.030.
陈凤,李金宗,李冬冬,等.2004.提高地震图像信噪比的非线性各向异性扩散算法模型[J].石油勘探与开发,31(2):77-80.
林红波,李月,徐学纯.2011.压制地震勘探随机噪声的分段时频峰值滤波方法[J].地球物理学报,54(5):1358-1366,doi:10 .3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.05.025.
刘洋,王典,刘财,等.2011.局部相关加权中值滤波技术及其在叠后随机噪声衰减中的应用[J].地球物理学报,54(2):358-367 ,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.02.012.
刘洋,王典,刘财,等.2014.基于非平稳相似性系数的构造导向滤波及断层检测方法[J].地球物理学报,57(4):1177-1187,doi:10.6038/cjg20140415.
王伟,高静怀,陈文超,等.2012.基于结构自适应中值滤波器的随机噪声衰减方法[J].地球物理学报,55(5):1732-1741,doi:10 .6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.05.030.
王绪松,杨长春.2006.对地震图像进行保边滤波的非线性各向异性扩散算法[J].地球物理学进展,21(2):452-457,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2006.02.017.
严哲,顾汉明,蔡成国.2013.基于各向异性扩散滤波的地震图像增强处理[J].石油地球物理勘探,48(3):390-394.
杨宁,贺振华,文晓涛,等.2010.基于倾向扩散因子的SOF地震图像增强方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,45(6):833-835.
杨培杰,穆星,张景涛.2010.方向性边界保持断层增强技术[J].地球物理学报,53(12):2992-2997,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.12.023.
Barnes A E.1996.Theory of 2-d complex seismic trace analysis[J].Geophysics,61(1):264-272.
Chen F,Li J Z,Huang J M,et al.2003.Application research of digital image processing method for improving signal to noise ratio of seismic section image[J].Progress in Geophysics,18(4):758-764,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2003.04.030.
Chen F,Li J Z,Li D D,et al.2004.A model of nonlinear anisotropic diffusion for increasing signal to noise ratio of seismic image[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,31(2):77-80.
Fehmers G C,Hcker C F W.2003.Fast structural interpretation with structure-oriented filtering[J].Geophysics,68(4):1286-1293.
Lavialle O,Pop S,Germain C,et al.2007.Seismic fault preserving diffusion[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,61(2):132-141.
Lin H B,Li Y,Xu X C.2011.Segmenting time-frequency peak filtering method to attenuation of seismic random noise[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,54(5):1358-1366,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.05.025.
Liu Y,Wang D,Liu C,et al.2011.Weighted median filter based on local correlation and its application to poststack random noise attenuation[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),54 (2):358-367,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.02.012.
Liu Y,Wang D,Liu C,et al.2014.Structure-oriented filtering and fault detection based on nonstationary similarity[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),57(4):1177-1187,doi:10 .6038/cjg20140415.
Luo Y,Higgs W,Kowalik W.1996.Edge detection and stratigraphic analysis using 3dseismic data[C].//1996SEG Annual Meeting,324-327.
Luo Y,Marhoon M,Dossary S A,et al.2002.Edge-preserving smoothing and applications[J].The Leading Edge,21(2):136-158.
Marfurt K J.2006.Robust estimates of 3dreflector dip and azimuth[J].Geophysics,71(4):29-40.
Wang J,Chen Y H,Xu D H,et al.2009.Structure-oriented edgepreserving smoothing based on accurate estimation of orientation and edges[J].Applied Geophysics,6(4):367-376.
Wang W,Gao J H,Chen W C,et al.2012.Random seismic noise suppression via structure-adaptive median filter[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),55(5):1732-1741,doi:10 .6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.05.030.
Wang X S,Yang C C.2006.An edge-preserving smoothing algorithm of seismic image using nonlinear anisotropic diffusion equation[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),21(2):452 -457,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2006.02.017.
Weickert J.1999.Coherence-enhancing diffusion filtering[J].International Journal of Computer Vision,31(2-3):111-127.
Yan Z,Gu H M,Cai C G.2013.Seismic image enhancing based on anisotropic diffusion[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),48(3):390-394.
Yang N,He Z H,Wen X T,et al.2010.SOF seismic image enhancement method based on the dip diffusion factor[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),45(6):833-835.
Yang P J,Mu X,Zhang J T.2010.Orientational edge preserving fault enhance[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),53 (12):2992-2997,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.12.023.
陈凤,李金宗,黄建明,等.2003.利用数字图像处理技术提高地震剖面图像信噪比[J].地球物理学进展,18(4):758-764,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2003.04.030.
陈凤,李金宗,李冬冬,等.2004.提高地震图像信噪比的非线性各向异性扩散算法模型[J].石油勘探与开发,31(2):77-80.
林红波,李月,徐学纯.2011.压制地震勘探随机噪声的分段时频峰值滤波方法[J].地球物理学报,54(5):1358-1366,doi:10 .3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.05.025.
刘洋,王典,刘财,等.2011.局部相关加权中值滤波技术及其在叠后随机噪声衰减中的应用[J].地球物理学报,54(2):358-367 ,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.02.012.
刘洋,王典,刘财,等.2014.基于非平稳相似性系数的构造导向滤波及断层检测方法[J].地球物理学报,57(4):1177-1187,doi:10.6038/cjg20140415.
王伟,高静怀,陈文超,等.2012.基于结构自适应中值滤波器的随机噪声衰减方法[J].地球物理学报,55(5):1732-1741,doi:10 .6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.05.030.
王绪松,杨长春.2006.对地震图像进行保边滤波的非线性各向异性扩散算法[J].地球物理学进展,21(2):452-457,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2006.02.017.
严哲,顾汉明,蔡成国.2013.基于各向异性扩散滤波的地震图像增强处理[J].石油地球物理勘探,48(3):390-394.
杨宁,贺振华,文晓涛,等.2010.基于倾向扩散因子的SOF地震图像增强方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,45(6):833-835.
杨培杰,穆星,张景涛.2010.方向性边界保持断层增强技术[J].地球物理学报,53(12):2992-2997,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.12.023.
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