基于数字露头模型的碳酸盐岩储集层三维地质建模
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摘要
为了更客观地认识碳酸盐岩储集层的宏观分布和空间结构,提出一种基于数字露头模型的碳酸盐岩储集层三维地质建模方法。以传统露头地质研究工作为基础,采用先进的数字化仪器对露头面进行三维数字化,建立数字露头模型,并进行地质分析,提取关键层面和地质信息(岩相、孔隙度、渗透率和声波速度等),然后根据三维露头地质信息,利用建模软件建立三维露头储集层地质模型,应用于地下储集层研究中。基于数字露头模型建立了四川盆地西北部地区鱼洞梁剖面三叠系飞仙关组鲕粒滩储集层三维地质模型,模型更真实地反映了岩相、孔隙度和渗透率展布及其之间的关系,为具有相似地质条件储集层的地震资料解释和储集层预测提供更可靠的依据。
To better know the spatial distribution and architecture of carbonate reservoirs, three-dimensional carbonate reservoir geologic modeling based on the digital outcrop model(DOM) is proposed. Based on the traditional geologic study of outcrops, combined with digitizing the outcrop walls by utilizing the advanced instrument(LIDAR, RTK-GPS, GPR, Gigapan, etc), DOM is built, from which geological information based on measured sections and samples(litho-facies, porosity, permeability, sonic velocity) is extracted and used to build the 3-D outcrop reservoir geologic model by modeling software. Eventually the 3-D reservoir geologic model of outcrop is used to guide the subsurface research. The DOM-based 3-D reservoir geologic model for oolitic reservoirs of Triassic Feixianguan Formation in Yudongliang outcrop, NW Sichuan Basin, reveals more realistic spatial distribution of litho-facies, porosity and permeability, and their relationship, consequently providing more reliable evidence for seismic data interpretation and reservoir prediction of subsurface reservoirs with similar geological conditions.
To better know the spatial distribution and architecture of carbonate reservoirs, three-dimensional carbonate reservoir geologic modeling based on the digital outcrop model(DOM) is proposed. Based on the traditional geologic study of outcrops, combined with digitizing the outcrop walls by utilizing the advanced instrument(LIDAR, RTK-GPS, GPR, Gigapan, etc), DOM is built, from which geological information based on measured sections and samples(litho-facies, porosity, permeability, sonic velocity) is extracted and used to build the 3-D outcrop reservoir geologic model by modeling software. Eventually the 3-D reservoir geologic model of outcrop is used to guide the subsurface research. The DOM-based 3-D reservoir geologic model for oolitic reservoirs of Triassic Feixianguan Formation in Yudongliang outcrop, NW Sichuan Basin, reveals more realistic spatial distribution of litho-facies, porosity and permeability, and their relationship, consequently providing more reliable evidence for seismic data interpretation and reservoir prediction of subsurface reservoirs with similar geological conditions.
引文
[1]Kerans C,Lucia F J,Senger R K.Integrated characterization of carbonate ramp reservoirs using Permian San Andres Formation outcrop analogs[J].AAPG Bulletin,1994,78(2):181-216.
[2]Bellian J A,Kerans C,Jennette D C.Digital outcrop models:Applications of terrestrial scanning lidar technology in stratigraphic modeling[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2005,75(2):166-176.
[3]Janson X,Kerans C,Bellian J A,et al.Three-dimensional geological and synthetic seismic model of Early Permian redeposited basinal carbonate deposits,Victorio Canyon,west Texas[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(10):1405-1436.
[4]朱如凯,白斌,袁选俊,等.利用数字露头模型技术对曲流河三角洲沉积储层特征的研究[J].沉积学报,2013,31(5):867-877.Zhu Rukai,Bai Bin,Yuan Xuanjun,et al.A new approach for outcrop characterization and geostatistical analysis of meandering channels sandbodies within a delta plain setting using digital outcrop models:Upper Triassic Yanchang tight sandstone Formation,Yanhe outcrop,Ordos Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2013,31(5):867-877.
[5]郑剑锋,沈安江,乔占峰,等.基于激光雷达技术的三维数字露头及其在地质建模中的应用:以巴楚地区大班塔格剖面礁滩复合体为例[J].海相油气地质,2014,19(3):72-78.Zheng Jianfeng,Shen Anjiang,Qiao Zhanfeng,et al.LIDAR-based3D digital outcrop modeling and application in geologic modeling:A case of modeling of middle Ordovician reef-beach carbonate body at Dabantage Outcrop in Bachu Uplift,Tarim Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2014,19(3):72-78.
[6]Tinker S W.Building the 3-D jigsaw puzzle:Applications of sequence stratigraphy to 3-D reservoir characterization,Permian Basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,1996,80(4):460-485.
[7]乔占峰,李国蓉,龙胜祥,等.川东北地区飞仙关组层序地层特征及演化模式[J].沉积学报,2010,28(3):462-470.Qiao Zhanfeng,Li Guorong,Long Shengxiang,et al.Characteristics and evolution model of sequence stratigraphy of Feixianguan Formation in the Northeast of Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2010,28(3):462-470.
[8]Gonzalez R,Eberli G P.Sediment transport and bedforms in a carbonate tidal inlet:Lee Stocking Islands,Exuma,Bahamas[J].Sedimentology,1997,44(6):1015-1030.
[9]Rankey E C,Riegl B,Steffen K.Form,function and feedbacks in a tidally dominated ooid shoal,Bahamas[J].Sedimentology,2006,53(6):1191-1210.
[10]Rankey E C,Reeder S L.Holocene oolitic marine sand complexes of the Bahamas[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2011,81(2):97-117.
[11]Palermo D,Aigner T,Nardon S,et al.3D facies modelling of carbonate sand bodies:Outcrop analogue study in an epicontinental basin:Triassic,SW Germany[J].AAPG Bulletin,2010,94(4):475-512.
[12]Choquette P W,Pray L C.Geologic nomenclature and classification of porosity in carbonates[J].AAPG Bulletin,1970,54(2):107-250.
[13]Lucia F J.Petrophysical parameters estimated from visual description of carbonate rocks:A field classification of carbonate pore space[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1983,35(3):626-637.
[14]胡东风.普光气田与元坝气田礁滩储层特征的差异性及其成因[J].天然气工业,2011,31(10):1-5.Hu Dongfeng.Difference and its origin of reef shoal complex reservoir of Puguang and Yuanba Gasfield[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(10):1-5.
[15]祝海华,钟大康.四川盆地龙岗气田三叠系飞仙关组储集层特征及成因机理[J].古地理学报,2013,15(2):275-282.Zhu Haihua,Zhong Dakang.Characteristics and formation mechanism of the Triassic Feixianguan Formation reservoir in Longgang Gas Field,Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2013,15(2):275-282.
[2]Bellian J A,Kerans C,Jennette D C.Digital outcrop models:Applications of terrestrial scanning lidar technology in stratigraphic modeling[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2005,75(2):166-176.
[3]Janson X,Kerans C,Bellian J A,et al.Three-dimensional geological and synthetic seismic model of Early Permian redeposited basinal carbonate deposits,Victorio Canyon,west Texas[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(10):1405-1436.
[4]朱如凯,白斌,袁选俊,等.利用数字露头模型技术对曲流河三角洲沉积储层特征的研究[J].沉积学报,2013,31(5):867-877.Zhu Rukai,Bai Bin,Yuan Xuanjun,et al.A new approach for outcrop characterization and geostatistical analysis of meandering channels sandbodies within a delta plain setting using digital outcrop models:Upper Triassic Yanchang tight sandstone Formation,Yanhe outcrop,Ordos Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2013,31(5):867-877.
[5]郑剑锋,沈安江,乔占峰,等.基于激光雷达技术的三维数字露头及其在地质建模中的应用:以巴楚地区大班塔格剖面礁滩复合体为例[J].海相油气地质,2014,19(3):72-78.Zheng Jianfeng,Shen Anjiang,Qiao Zhanfeng,et al.LIDAR-based3D digital outcrop modeling and application in geologic modeling:A case of modeling of middle Ordovician reef-beach carbonate body at Dabantage Outcrop in Bachu Uplift,Tarim Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2014,19(3):72-78.
[6]Tinker S W.Building the 3-D jigsaw puzzle:Applications of sequence stratigraphy to 3-D reservoir characterization,Permian Basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,1996,80(4):460-485.
[7]乔占峰,李国蓉,龙胜祥,等.川东北地区飞仙关组层序地层特征及演化模式[J].沉积学报,2010,28(3):462-470.Qiao Zhanfeng,Li Guorong,Long Shengxiang,et al.Characteristics and evolution model of sequence stratigraphy of Feixianguan Formation in the Northeast of Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2010,28(3):462-470.
[8]Gonzalez R,Eberli G P.Sediment transport and bedforms in a carbonate tidal inlet:Lee Stocking Islands,Exuma,Bahamas[J].Sedimentology,1997,44(6):1015-1030.
[9]Rankey E C,Riegl B,Steffen K.Form,function and feedbacks in a tidally dominated ooid shoal,Bahamas[J].Sedimentology,2006,53(6):1191-1210.
[10]Rankey E C,Reeder S L.Holocene oolitic marine sand complexes of the Bahamas[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2011,81(2):97-117.
[11]Palermo D,Aigner T,Nardon S,et al.3D facies modelling of carbonate sand bodies:Outcrop analogue study in an epicontinental basin:Triassic,SW Germany[J].AAPG Bulletin,2010,94(4):475-512.
[12]Choquette P W,Pray L C.Geologic nomenclature and classification of porosity in carbonates[J].AAPG Bulletin,1970,54(2):107-250.
[13]Lucia F J.Petrophysical parameters estimated from visual description of carbonate rocks:A field classification of carbonate pore space[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1983,35(3):626-637.
[14]胡东风.普光气田与元坝气田礁滩储层特征的差异性及其成因[J].天然气工业,2011,31(10):1-5.Hu Dongfeng.Difference and its origin of reef shoal complex reservoir of Puguang and Yuanba Gasfield[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(10):1-5.
[15]祝海华,钟大康.四川盆地龙岗气田三叠系飞仙关组储集层特征及成因机理[J].古地理学报,2013,15(2):275-282.Zhu Haihua,Zhong Dakang.Characteristics and formation mechanism of the Triassic Feixianguan Formation reservoir in Longgang Gas Field,Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2013,15(2):275-282.
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