阿拉伯板块北缘Sinjar隆起西翼裂缝成因及启示
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摘要
对Sinjar隆起西翼始新世Jaddala组—渐新世Chilou组致密灰岩裂缝性储层的裂缝成因进行分析,为类似复杂构造环境的裂缝研究和裂缝性油气圈闭勘探提供借鉴。综合利用成像测井、地震、钻井液漏失、生产动态等资料,分析裂缝倾角、走向及纵向和平面裂缝的发育特征,探讨构造活动与裂缝分布之间的成因关系。研究后认为,研究区近南北走向的这组高角度裂缝的形成是区域水平挤压应力场与研究区西侧深部压扭走滑共同作用的结果,其中压扭走滑作用形成了有效的裂缝性油气储集层;局部发育的近东西走向的低角度裂缝由层间滑动引起;平行于主要褶皱枢纽的纵张裂缝不发育,是由地层强烈隆升形成的似环状断裂吸收了岩石的挤压应变变形,导致没有产生有效的岩层弯曲所致。在类似复杂的构造背景下,由于多种构造作用、多期构造活动的叠加和相互影响,会减弱或增强某组裂缝的发育程度,导致裂缝分布与常见的模式有一定的差异。这一实例对于复杂构造背景下的裂缝性储层研究、裂缝性油气藏开发的井轨迹优化、致密储层领域的油气勘探等具有重要的启示。
To provide reference for fractured reservoir study and exploration,this paper analyzes the fracture genesis of Eocene Jaddala and Oligocene Chilou formations in the west tip of Sinjar uplift. By integrated utilization of FMI,seismic,mud loss and production data,the fracture distribution feature and the relationship between tectonism and fractures are analyzed. The near north-south trending fracture set is resulted from the regional horizontal compressive stress field and the local compression-shearing and strike-slip faults in deep strata,and the fractured reservoir of Jaddala and Chilou formations are mainly controlled by the strike-slip fault.The set of near east-west trending fractures are caused by interlayer sliding during folding,which is only locally distributed. During the strong uplift period,the small ring-like faults absorbed the rock' s compressional strain and the uplifts failed to provide any effective bending component,which caused that the folding-associated longitudinal fractures or type II fractures did not develop. In similar complicated tectonic setting,the super-position and interaction of individual tectonisms and multi-periodic tectonic activities will weaken or strengthen the development degree of certain fracture set,which often leads to extremely complicated fracture distributions that is distinct from widely applied conceptual model. This case has important implications for the fractured reservoir study,well trajectory optimization and tight reservoir exploration in complex tectonic setting.
To provide reference for fractured reservoir study and exploration,this paper analyzes the fracture genesis of Eocene Jaddala and Oligocene Chilou formations in the west tip of Sinjar uplift. By integrated utilization of FMI,seismic,mud loss and production data,the fracture distribution feature and the relationship between tectonism and fractures are analyzed. The near north-south trending fracture set is resulted from the regional horizontal compressive stress field and the local compression-shearing and strike-slip faults in deep strata,and the fractured reservoir of Jaddala and Chilou formations are mainly controlled by the strike-slip fault.The set of near east-west trending fractures are caused by interlayer sliding during folding,which is only locally distributed. During the strong uplift period,the small ring-like faults absorbed the rock' s compressional strain and the uplifts failed to provide any effective bending component,which caused that the folding-associated longitudinal fractures or type II fractures did not develop. In similar complicated tectonic setting,the super-position and interaction of individual tectonisms and multi-periodic tectonic activities will weaken or strengthen the development degree of certain fracture set,which often leads to extremely complicated fracture distributions that is distinct from widely applied conceptual model. This case has important implications for the fractured reservoir study,well trajectory optimization and tight reservoir exploration in complex tectonic setting.
引文
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[14]SMART K J,FERRILL D A,MORRIS A P.Impact of interlayer slip on fracture prediction from geomechanical models of fault-related folds[J].AAPG Bulletin,2009,93(11):1447-1458.
[2]KENG W N,HICKMAN R G.Structural development of jebel abd al aziz,Northeast Syria[J].Geo Arabia,1997,2(3):307-330.
[3]STEARNS D W,FRIEDMAN M.Reservoirs in fractured rock[J].AAPG Memoir,1972,16(2):82-106.
[4]NELSON R A.Geologic Analysis of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs[M].Houston:Gulf Professional Publishing,2001.
[5]NARR W.Fracture density in the deep subsurface:Techniques with application to Point Arguello oil field[J].AAPG Bulletin,1991,75(8):1300-1323.
[6]LAUBACH S E.Practical approaches to identifying sealed and open fractures[J].AAPG Bulletin,2003,87(4):561-579.
[7]LAUBACH S E,REED R M,OLSON J E,et al.Coevolution of crack-seal texture and fracture porosity in sedimentary rocks:Cathodoluminescence observations of regional fractures[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2004,26(4):967-982.
[8]ORTEGA O J,MARRETT R A,LAUBACH S E.A scale-independent approach to fracture intensity and average spacing measurement[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(2):193-208.
[9]OLSON J E,LAUBACH S E,LANDER R H.Natural fracture characterization in tight gas sandstones:Integrating mechanics and diagenesis[J].AAPG Bulletin,2009,93(11):1535-1549.
[10]BARTLETT W L,FRIEDMAN M,LOGAN J M.Experimental folding and faulting of rocks under confining pressure Part IX.Wrench faults in limestone layers[J].Tectonophysics,1981,79(3):255-277.
[11]强子同.碳酸盐岩储层地质学[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2007:48-49.
[12]MCCLUSKY S,BALASSANIAN S,BARKA A,et al.Global Positioning System constraints on plate kinematics and dynamics in the eastern Mediterranean and Caucasus[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2000,105(6):5695-5715.
[13]FLOREZ-NINO J,AYDIN A,MAVKO G,et al.Fault and fracture systems in a fold and thrust belt:An example from Bolivia[J].AAPG Bulletin,2005,89(4):471-493.
[14]SMART K J,FERRILL D A,MORRIS A P.Impact of interlayer slip on fracture prediction from geomechanical models of fault-related folds[J].AAPG Bulletin,2009,93(11):1447-1458.
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