裂缝储层孔隙度、饱和度计算方法
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摘要
裂缝性储集层孔隙度和饱和度是评价油气藏的重要参数。本文提出了运用裂缝介质各向异性梯度计算裂缝介质孔隙度和饱和度的新方法,其流程为:1计算裂缝介质的截距与梯度;2计算裂缝介质的各向异性梯度;3固定两个参数(孔隙度、饱和度)中的一个参数计算另一个参数。虽然文中方法不可能同时反演出裂缝的孔隙度与饱和度,但是对于实际油田开发仍具有应用价值。模型试算结果表明,地震记录信噪比对反射系数有很大影响,但是对于孔隙度和饱和度计算结果影响不大,证明了方法的有效性和适应性。
Porosity and saturation are two important parameters for fractured reservoir evaluation.This paper proposes a new method to calculate porosity and saturation in fractured reservoirs using their anisotropic gradient.We first use the equivalent theory to calculate intercept and gradient,then calculate anisotropic gradient,and finally fix one of the two parameters(porosity or saturation)to calculate the other one.The proposed method is provided with application value for the oil field development,although it is impossible to simultaneously invert porosity and saturation of fractures.Model tests show that signal-to-noise ratio of seismic record has a great impact on reflection coefficients,but has little influence on the calculated porosity and saturation,which proves the validity and adaptability of the proposed method.
Porosity and saturation are two important parameters for fractured reservoir evaluation.This paper proposes a new method to calculate porosity and saturation in fractured reservoirs using their anisotropic gradient.We first use the equivalent theory to calculate intercept and gradient,then calculate anisotropic gradient,and finally fix one of the two parameters(porosity or saturation)to calculate the other one.The proposed method is provided with application value for the oil field development,although it is impossible to simultaneously invert porosity and saturation of fractures.Model tests show that signal-to-noise ratio of seismic record has a great impact on reflection coefficients,but has little influence on the calculated porosity and saturation,which proves the validity and adaptability of the proposed method.
引文
[1]张一伟,熊琦华.陆相油藏描述.北京:石油工业出版社,1997,1-20.
[2]Domenico S N.Effect of water saturation on seismic reflectivity of sand reservoir encased in shale.Geophysics,1974,39(6):759-769.
[3]Domenico S N.Effect of brine-gas mixture on velocity in an unconsolidated sand reservoir.Geophysics,1976,41(5):882-894.
[4]Gregory A R.Fluid saturation effects on dynamic elastic properties of sedimentary rocks.Geophysics,1976,41(5):895-911.
[5]Meissner R,Hegazy M A.The ratio of the PP-to the SS-reflection coefficient as possible future method to estimate oil and gas reservoirs.Geophysics Prospecting,1981,29(4):533-540.
[6]Koesoemadinata A P,McMechan G A.Petro-seismic inversion for sandstone properties.Geophysics,2003,68(5):1611-1625.
[7]Koesoemadinata A P,McMechan G A.Empirical estimation of viscoelastic seismic parameters from petrophysical properties of sandstone.Geophysics,2001,66(5):1457-1470.
[8]刘洋.利用地震资料估算孔隙度和饱和度新方法.石油学报,2005,26(2):61-65.Liu Yang.A new approach to estimation of porosity and saturation with seismic data.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2005,26(2):61-65.
[9]桂志先,朱广生,熊心斌等.孔隙度与纵横波速度间的关系及其在孔隙度预测中的应用.石油物探,1998,37(2):39-55.Gui Zhixian,Zhu Guangsheng,Xiong Xinbin et al.The relation between porosity and P-and S-wave velocity and its application to porosity prediction.GPP,1998,37(2):39-55.
[10]金龙,陈小宏,姜香云.利用地震资料定量反演孔隙度和饱和度的新方法.石油学报,2006,27(4):62-66.Jin Long,Chen Xiaohong,Jiang Xiangyun.Simultaneous inversion of porosity and saturation using seismic data.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(4):62-66.
[11]Bakulin A,Grechka V,Tsvankin L.Estimation of fracture parameters from reflection seismic data-Part1:HTI model due to a single fracture set.Geophysics,2000,65(6):1788-1802.
[12]Bakulin A,Grechka V,Tsvankin L.Estimation of fracture parameters from reflection seismic dataPart 2:Fracture modles with orthorhombic symmetry.Geophysics,2000,65(6):1803-1817.
[13]Bakulin A,Grechka V,Tsvankin L.Estimation of fracture parameters from reflection seismic data-Part3:Fracture modles with monoclinic symmetry.Geophysics,2000,65(6):1788-1802.
[14]Ruger A.P-wave reflection coefficients for transversely isotropic models with vertical and horizontal axis of symmetry.Geophysics,1997,62(3):713-722.
[15]Ruger A.Variation of P-wave reflectivity with offset and azimuth in anisotropic media.Geophysics,1998,63(3):935-947.
[16]Reid F,MacBeth C.Tests of vector fidelity in permanently installed multi-component sensors.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2000,19:1213-1216.
[2]Domenico S N.Effect of water saturation on seismic reflectivity of sand reservoir encased in shale.Geophysics,1974,39(6):759-769.
[3]Domenico S N.Effect of brine-gas mixture on velocity in an unconsolidated sand reservoir.Geophysics,1976,41(5):882-894.
[4]Gregory A R.Fluid saturation effects on dynamic elastic properties of sedimentary rocks.Geophysics,1976,41(5):895-911.
[5]Meissner R,Hegazy M A.The ratio of the PP-to the SS-reflection coefficient as possible future method to estimate oil and gas reservoirs.Geophysics Prospecting,1981,29(4):533-540.
[6]Koesoemadinata A P,McMechan G A.Petro-seismic inversion for sandstone properties.Geophysics,2003,68(5):1611-1625.
[7]Koesoemadinata A P,McMechan G A.Empirical estimation of viscoelastic seismic parameters from petrophysical properties of sandstone.Geophysics,2001,66(5):1457-1470.
[8]刘洋.利用地震资料估算孔隙度和饱和度新方法.石油学报,2005,26(2):61-65.Liu Yang.A new approach to estimation of porosity and saturation with seismic data.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2005,26(2):61-65.
[9]桂志先,朱广生,熊心斌等.孔隙度与纵横波速度间的关系及其在孔隙度预测中的应用.石油物探,1998,37(2):39-55.Gui Zhixian,Zhu Guangsheng,Xiong Xinbin et al.The relation between porosity and P-and S-wave velocity and its application to porosity prediction.GPP,1998,37(2):39-55.
[10]金龙,陈小宏,姜香云.利用地震资料定量反演孔隙度和饱和度的新方法.石油学报,2006,27(4):62-66.Jin Long,Chen Xiaohong,Jiang Xiangyun.Simultaneous inversion of porosity and saturation using seismic data.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(4):62-66.
[11]Bakulin A,Grechka V,Tsvankin L.Estimation of fracture parameters from reflection seismic data-Part1:HTI model due to a single fracture set.Geophysics,2000,65(6):1788-1802.
[12]Bakulin A,Grechka V,Tsvankin L.Estimation of fracture parameters from reflection seismic dataPart 2:Fracture modles with orthorhombic symmetry.Geophysics,2000,65(6):1803-1817.
[13]Bakulin A,Grechka V,Tsvankin L.Estimation of fracture parameters from reflection seismic data-Part3:Fracture modles with monoclinic symmetry.Geophysics,2000,65(6):1788-1802.
[14]Ruger A.P-wave reflection coefficients for transversely isotropic models with vertical and horizontal axis of symmetry.Geophysics,1997,62(3):713-722.
[15]Ruger A.Variation of P-wave reflectivity with offset and azimuth in anisotropic media.Geophysics,1998,63(3):935-947.
[16]Reid F,MacBeth C.Tests of vector fidelity in permanently installed multi-component sensors.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2000,19:1213-1216.
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