川西坳陷陆相致密气藏河道砂岩储层精细刻画技术及其应用
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摘要
川西坳陷侏罗系砂岩储层具有低渗致密的特点,主要为三角洲相分流河道沉积。河道纵向叠置关系复杂、砂岩厚度薄、岩性及物性横向变化明显,但地震资料分辨率有限,河道砂岩储层预测及刻画难度大,制约着开发目标评价及井网部署。采用从宏观到微观、从定性到定量、从外形精细刻画至内幕非均质性评价逐步逼近的综合研究思路,重点集成了井-震一体化河道沉积层序识别、河道砂体叠加样式正演、相带空间刻画和递进反演相控储层定量描述等关键技术,解决了河道期次划分、叠置样式预测、外形刻画和定量描述等多个难题,实现以单河道为单元的气藏精细开发目标评价,取得了明显的应用效果,并形成了陆相致密气藏河道砂岩储层精细刻画与描述技术体系。
The Jurassic sandstone reservoirs in western Sichuan Depression are mainly of delta distributary channel deposits,featuring in tightness and low permeability.The channel sands are complex invertical superimposition,small in thickness,and large in variations of lithology and poroperm characteristics.It is difficult to predict and characterize those reservoirs due to the limited seismic resolution,constraining target evaluation and well pattern deployment.A comprehensive method was adopted to study the reservoirs from macroscopic to microscopic observation,from qualitative to quantitative analysis and from appearance description to internal heterogeneity evaluation.Several key techniques were proposed,including channel sedimentary sequence identification,forward modeling of stacked channel sands,description of space distribution of facies and quantitative characterization of reservoirs based on progressive inversion.They were successfully used in subdivision of channel sequence,prediction of stacking pattern and quantitative description of appearance,making it possible to perform fine evaluation of development target with single channel as an appraisal unit.A technology system was established for fine description and characterization of continental channel sands in tight-gas reservoirs.
The Jurassic sandstone reservoirs in western Sichuan Depression are mainly of delta distributary channel deposits,featuring in tightness and low permeability.The channel sands are complex invertical superimposition,small in thickness,and large in variations of lithology and poroperm characteristics.It is difficult to predict and characterize those reservoirs due to the limited seismic resolution,constraining target evaluation and well pattern deployment.A comprehensive method was adopted to study the reservoirs from macroscopic to microscopic observation,from qualitative to quantitative analysis and from appearance description to internal heterogeneity evaluation.Several key techniques were proposed,including channel sedimentary sequence identification,forward modeling of stacked channel sands,description of space distribution of facies and quantitative characterization of reservoirs based on progressive inversion.They were successfully used in subdivision of channel sequence,prediction of stacking pattern and quantitative description of appearance,making it possible to perform fine evaluation of development target with single channel as an appraisal unit.A technology system was established for fine description and characterization of continental channel sands in tight-gas reservoirs.
引文
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[14]金振奎,时晓章,何苗.单河道砂体的识别方法[J].新疆石油地质,2010,31(6):572-575.Jin Zhenkui,Shi Xiaozhang,He Miao.Identification methods for single-channel sand body[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2010,31(6):572-575.
[15]陈恭洋,陈玲,朱洁琼,等.地震属性分析在河流相储层预测中的应用[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,34(3):1-8.Chen Gongyang,Chen Ling,Zhu Jieqiong,et al.Application of seismic attributes analysis fluvial reservoir to prediction[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2012,34(3):1-8.
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[17]姜秀娣,翁斌,刘亚茹,等.分频混色技术在高精度地震解释中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2013,28(2):882-888.Jiang Xiudi,Weng Bin,Liu Yaru,et al.Application of spectral decomposition RGB plotting technique for spectral components in high accuracy seismic interpretation[J].Progress in Geophysics,2013,28(2):882-888.
[18]冯斌,赵峰华,王淑华.地震分频解释技术在河道砂预测中的应用[J].地球科学进展,2012,27(5):510-514.Feng Bin,Zhao Fenghua,Wang Shuhua.Application of spectral decomposition technique in fluvial sand body prediction[J].Progress in Geophysics,2012,27(5):510-514.
[19]卢秀华.分频技术在曲流河储层预测中的应用[J].石油天然气学报,2011,33(3):76-80.Lu Xiuhua.Application of spectral decoposition technology in meandering reservoir prediction[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2011,33(3):76-80.
[20]毕俊凤,顾汉明,刘书会,等.河道砂体地震响应特征及影响因素分析——以垦东1地区馆陶组上段河道砂为例[J].石油物探,2013,52(1):97-103.Bi Junfeng,Gu Hanming,Liu Shuhui,et al.Analysis on seismic response characteristics of channel sands and its influence factors:case study of Upper Guantao Formation in KD1 area[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2013,52(1):97-103.
[21]钱玉贵,叶泰然,张世华.叠前地质统计学反演技术在复杂储层量化预测中的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,34(6):834-840.Qian Yugui,Ye Tairan,Zhang Shihua,et al.Application of pre-stack geo-statistics inversion technology in quantitative prediction of complex reservoirs[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2008,34(6):834-840.
[22]孙思敏,彭仕宓.地质统计学反演方法及其在薄层砂体预测中的应用[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2007,22(1):41-48.Sun Simin,Peng Shimi.Geostatistical inversion method and its application in the prediction of thin reservoirs[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2007,22(1):41-48.
[23]王香文,刘红,滕彬彬,等.地质统计学反演技术在薄储层预测中的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(5):730-735.Wang Xiangwen,Liu Hong,Teng Binbin,et al.Application of geostatistical inversion to thin reservoir prediction[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2012,33(5):730-735.
[24]刘俊州,周小鹰,王箭波,等.地质统计学反演在非均质薄砂岩气藏开发中的实践[J].内蒙古石油化工,2009,(7):16-19.Liu Junzhou,Zhou Xiaoying,Wang Jianbo,et al.Practice of opening heterogeneous thin sand rock gases deposit in geometry statistic inversion[J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry,2009,(7):16-19.
[2]杨克明,朱宏权.川西叠覆型致密砂岩气区地质特征[J].石油实验地质,2013,35(1):1-8.Ye Keming,Zhu Hongquan.Geological characteristics of superposed tight sandstone gas-bearing areas in western Sichuan[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2013,35(1):1-8.
[3]谢刚平,叶素娟,田苗.川西坳陷致密砂岩气藏勘探开发实践新认识[J].天然气工业,2014,34(1):6-15.Xie Gangping,Ye Sujuan,Ye Sujuan,Tian Miao.New understandings of exploration and development practices in tight sandstones gas reservoirs in western Sichuan Depression[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(1):6-15.
[4]唐宇,吕正祥,叶素娟,等.成都凹陷上侏罗统蓬莱镇组天然气运移特征与富集主控因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(3):281-287.Tang Yu,Lv Zhengxiang,Ye Sujuan,et al.Characteristics and controlling factors of natural gas migration and accumulation in the Upper Jurassic Penglaizhen Formation of Chengdu Sag[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2013,34(3):281-287.
[5]蒋裕强,漆麟,邓海波,等.四川盆地侏罗系油气成藏条件及勘探潜力[J].天然气工业,2010,30(3):22-26.Jiang Yuqiang,Qi Lin,Deng Haibo,et al.Hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and exploration potentials of the Jurassic reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2010,30(3):22-26.
[6]唐建明.川西坳陷致密非均质气藏储层空间展布刻划[J].天然气工业,2002,22(4):19-23.Tang Jianming.Describing the space distribution of the heterogeneous tight gas reservoirs in west Sichuan Depression[J].Natural Gas Industry,2002,22(4):19-23.
[7]吴朝容,段文燊.川西坳陷XS地区河道砂体预测研究[J].石油天然气学报,2011,33(11):81-84.Wu Chaorong,Duan Wensheng.Prediction of channel sandstone in XS area of western Sichuan Depression[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2011,33(11):81-84.
[8]凡睿,刘力辉,石文斌,等.元坝西部地区须二下亚段致密砂岩储层预测研究[J].石油物探,2015,54(1):83-89.Fan Rui,Liu Lihui,Shi Wenbin,et al.Tight sandstone reservoir prediction of lower subsection of Xu_2 member in western Yuanba area[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2015,54(1):83-89.
[9]马中高,张金强,蔡月晖,等.大牛地气田二叠系下石盒子组致密砂岩储层含气性识别因子研究[J].石油物探,2012,51(4):414-419.Ma Zhonggao,Zhang Jinqiang,Cai Yuehui,et al.Study on gas identification factor of tight sandstone reservoirs in Lower Shihezi formation from Daniudi Gasfield,Ordos Basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2012,51(4):414-419.
[10]伊振林.井震联合窄小河道砂体预测方法研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,34(1):19-23.Yin Zhenlin.Prediction Method of Narrow Channel Sand Body in Well-to-Seismic Integration[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2012,34(1):19-23.
[11]朱筱敏,董艳蕾,胡廷惠,等.精细层序地层格架与地震沉积学研究[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,34(6):834-840.Zhu Xiaomin,Dong Yan lei,Hu Tinghui,et al.Seismic sedimentology study of fine sequence stratigraphic framework[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2008,34(6):834-840.
[12]曹卿荣,李飒,仝敏波,等.基于地震正演和属性分析技术预测河道砂体[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,35(4):70-74.Cao Qingrong,Li Sa,Tong Minbo,et al.Channel sand distribution prediction based on seismic forward modeling and attribute analysis technology[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2013,35(4):70-74.
[13]王世瑞,王树平,狄帮让,等.基于地震属性特征的河道砂体预测方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(3):304-313.Wang Shirui,Wang Shuping,Di Bangrang,et al.Prediction of channel sand body based on seismic attributes[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting.2009,44(3):304-313.
[14]金振奎,时晓章,何苗.单河道砂体的识别方法[J].新疆石油地质,2010,31(6):572-575.Jin Zhenkui,Shi Xiaozhang,He Miao.Identification methods for single-channel sand body[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2010,31(6):572-575.
[15]陈恭洋,陈玲,朱洁琼,等.地震属性分析在河流相储层预测中的应用[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,34(3):1-8.Chen Gongyang,Chen Ling,Zhu Jieqiong,et al.Application of seismic attributes analysis fluvial reservoir to prediction[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2012,34(3):1-8.
[16]叶泰然,苏锦义,刘兴艳.分频解释技术在川西砂岩储层预测中的应用[J].石油物探,2008,47(1):72-76.Ye Tairan,Su Jinyi,Liu Xinyan.Application of seismic frequency division interpretation technology in predicting continental sandstone reservoir in the west of Sichuan province[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2008,47(1):72-76.
[17]姜秀娣,翁斌,刘亚茹,等.分频混色技术在高精度地震解释中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2013,28(2):882-888.Jiang Xiudi,Weng Bin,Liu Yaru,et al.Application of spectral decomposition RGB plotting technique for spectral components in high accuracy seismic interpretation[J].Progress in Geophysics,2013,28(2):882-888.
[18]冯斌,赵峰华,王淑华.地震分频解释技术在河道砂预测中的应用[J].地球科学进展,2012,27(5):510-514.Feng Bin,Zhao Fenghua,Wang Shuhua.Application of spectral decomposition technique in fluvial sand body prediction[J].Progress in Geophysics,2012,27(5):510-514.
[19]卢秀华.分频技术在曲流河储层预测中的应用[J].石油天然气学报,2011,33(3):76-80.Lu Xiuhua.Application of spectral decoposition technology in meandering reservoir prediction[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2011,33(3):76-80.
[20]毕俊凤,顾汉明,刘书会,等.河道砂体地震响应特征及影响因素分析——以垦东1地区馆陶组上段河道砂为例[J].石油物探,2013,52(1):97-103.Bi Junfeng,Gu Hanming,Liu Shuhui,et al.Analysis on seismic response characteristics of channel sands and its influence factors:case study of Upper Guantao Formation in KD1 area[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2013,52(1):97-103.
[21]钱玉贵,叶泰然,张世华.叠前地质统计学反演技术在复杂储层量化预测中的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,34(6):834-840.Qian Yugui,Ye Tairan,Zhang Shihua,et al.Application of pre-stack geo-statistics inversion technology in quantitative prediction of complex reservoirs[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2008,34(6):834-840.
[22]孙思敏,彭仕宓.地质统计学反演方法及其在薄层砂体预测中的应用[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2007,22(1):41-48.Sun Simin,Peng Shimi.Geostatistical inversion method and its application in the prediction of thin reservoirs[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2007,22(1):41-48.
[23]王香文,刘红,滕彬彬,等.地质统计学反演技术在薄储层预测中的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(5):730-735.Wang Xiangwen,Liu Hong,Teng Binbin,et al.Application of geostatistical inversion to thin reservoir prediction[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2012,33(5):730-735.
[24]刘俊州,周小鹰,王箭波,等.地质统计学反演在非均质薄砂岩气藏开发中的实践[J].内蒙古石油化工,2009,(7):16-19.Liu Junzhou,Zhou Xiaoying,Wang Jianbo,et al.Practice of opening heterogeneous thin sand rock gases deposit in geometry statistic inversion[J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry,2009,(7):16-19.
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