南北构造带北部石炭纪东西沉积边界分合演变及其地质意义
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摘要
南北构造带是中国大陆地质构造及深部过程和地表系统的重要分界线,也是地震活动的多发地带,对其在前中生代是否存在、不同时期各区带的构造属性和联系研究薄弱。文中以南北构造带北部为研究对象,重点讨论其中南段,探讨研究区石炭纪地质构造特征及其与具分区意义的南北构造带形成演化的联系。研究表明,在石炭纪,今南北构造带北部所在地区处于伸展裂陷环境,断裂活动强烈,总体控制着河西走廊—北祁连沉积域的东界和隆拗格局及沉积厚度等变化。南北构造带北部及其西沉积区的断裂活动和沉积演化,经历了前黑山期初始裂陷、臭牛沟期进一步(向北)扩张、土坡期沉积-沉降鼎盛及太原期衰减4个阶段。其中于晚石炭世土坡晚期(本溪期)和太原期,东(华北)、西沉积域的沉积范围均向南北构造带北部扩展,先后经历了北部连通到全部相通的演变过程。石炭纪各期诸断裂与中、新生代断裂在位置和方向上具有明显的相关性,反映二者成生和演化联系密切。南北构造带北部及邻区,在石炭纪主要时期分隔华北和河西走廊—北祁连两大沉积域,东、西沉积域的沉积边界在该区带的分合演变和建造特征及断裂的主控因素,显示该区带在石炭纪已属具明显分区作用的重要地质构造单元,为此后南北构造带北部的进一步发展演化和重要的构造地位奠定了基础。
North-South Tectonic Belt is an important boundary of Chinese Mainland geological structure,of deep geologic processes and of surface system,which is also an earthquake-prone zone.Yet there is little or even less research about its existence before the Mesozoic and about its tectonic feature and connection between different regions in different period.By studying the Northern North-South Tectonic Belt and focusing on its central and south part,this article discusses the Carboniferous geological structure and its connection to the formation and evolution of North-South Tectonic Belt which has regionalization effect. During the Carboniferous,the Northern North-South Tectonic Belt was in an extensional rifting environment with intense fault activities,and it controlled the east boundary,structural pattern and thickness of Hexi Corridor-North Qilian sedimentary domain.Its fault activities and sedimentary evolution underwent four stages:Qianheishan initial rifting period,Chouniugou further expanding period(northward),Tupo flourishing period and Taiyuan attenuating period.In the late Tupo period(Benxi)and Taiyuan period,the east(North China)and west sedimentary domain both expanded to the north part of the North-South Tectonic Belt where the boundary was partly connected in its north part and later totally connected.The faults in the Carboniferous have obvious relevance to the Meso-Cenozoic ones in location and direction,which means that their formation and evolution was related closely.In the Carboniferous,the Northern North-South Tectonic Belt and its neighborhood divided the sedimentary ranges of North China and Hexi Corridor-North Qilian.The separation-to-union evolution of sedimentary boundary,structural feature and main controlling factors showed that this zone was an important geological tectonic unit with obvious partition function in the Carboniferous,and it would have laid the foundation of further evolution of North-South Tectonic Belt and of its important tectonic status.
North-South Tectonic Belt is an important boundary of Chinese Mainland geological structure,of deep geologic processes and of surface system,which is also an earthquake-prone zone.Yet there is little or even less research about its existence before the Mesozoic and about its tectonic feature and connection between different regions in different period.By studying the Northern North-South Tectonic Belt and focusing on its central and south part,this article discusses the Carboniferous geological structure and its connection to the formation and evolution of North-South Tectonic Belt which has regionalization effect. During the Carboniferous,the Northern North-South Tectonic Belt was in an extensional rifting environment with intense fault activities,and it controlled the east boundary,structural pattern and thickness of Hexi Corridor-North Qilian sedimentary domain.Its fault activities and sedimentary evolution underwent four stages:Qianheishan initial rifting period,Chouniugou further expanding period(northward),Tupo flourishing period and Taiyuan attenuating period.In the late Tupo period(Benxi)and Taiyuan period,the east(North China)and west sedimentary domain both expanded to the north part of the North-South Tectonic Belt where the boundary was partly connected in its north part and later totally connected.The faults in the Carboniferous have obvious relevance to the Meso-Cenozoic ones in location and direction,which means that their formation and evolution was related closely.In the Carboniferous,the Northern North-South Tectonic Belt and its neighborhood divided the sedimentary ranges of North China and Hexi Corridor-North Qilian.The separation-to-union evolution of sedimentary boundary,structural feature and main controlling factors showed that this zone was an important geological tectonic unit with obvious partition function in the Carboniferous,and it would have laid the foundation of further evolution of North-South Tectonic Belt and of its important tectonic status.
引文
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[12]刘池洋,赵红格,王锋,等.鄂尔多斯盆地西缘(部)中生代构造属性[J].地质学报,2005,79(6):737-747.
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[22]李红霞,白生明,金学强,等.宁夏贺兰山地区石炭纪沉积环境演化规律探讨[J].宁夏工程技术,2012,11(3):201-205.
[23]刘池洋,赵红格,桂小军,等.鄂尔多斯盆地演化-改造的时空坐标及其成藏(矿)响应[J].地质学报,2006,80(5):617-638.
[24]房建军,刘池阳,韩鹏,等.宁南盆地构造演化探讨[J].西北大学学报:自然科学版,2008,38(5):813-816.
[25]封丽洁.甘肃河西走廊地区下石炭统岩相古地理研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2012.
[26]曹杨.北祁连走廊区石炭系地层划分与油气关系研究[D].重庆:西南石油大学,2012.
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[29]阎存凤,袁剑英,赵应成.北祁连东部石炭纪岩相古地理[J].沉积学报,2008,26(2):193-201.
[30]佟再三,李汉业.北祁连东段石炭纪岩相古地理基本特征[J].沉积学报,1994,12(1):89-97.
[31]佟再三.北祁连东段石炭纪岩相古地理研究现状[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,1992,28(4):167-168.
[32]卫平生,李天顺,李安春,等.巴彦浩特盆地石炭系沉积相及沉积演化[J].沉积学报,2005,23(2):240-247.
[33]阎存凤,袁剑英.武威盆地石炭系沉积环境及含油气远景[J].天然气地球科学,2011,22(2):267-274.
[34]谢小平,王永栋,沈焕庭.宁夏中卫晚石炭世沉积相分析与古环境重建[J].沉积学报,2004,22(1):19-28.
[35]贺小元,刘池阳,王建强,等.鄂尔多斯盆地晚古生代古构造[J].古地理学报,2011,13(6):677-686.
[36]郭德运.鄂尔多斯盆地东部上古生界沉积体系研究[D].西安:西北大学,2009.
[37]魏红红.鄂尔多斯地区石炭—二叠系沉积体系及层序地层学研究[D].西安:西北大学,2002.
[38]陈全红.鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界沉积体系及油气富集规律研究[D].西安:西北大学,2007.
[39]郭英海,汪泽成.鄂尔多斯地区晚古生代沉积体系及古地理演化[J].沉积学报,1998,16(3):44-51.
[40]刘春雷.鄂尔多斯盆地东部本溪组沉积体系研究[D].西安:西北大学,2012.
[41]汤锡元,郭忠铭,陈荷立,等.陕甘宁盆地西缘逆冲推覆构造及油气勘探[M].西安:西北大学出版社,1992:67-122.
[2]黄汲清,任纪舜,姜春发,等.中国大地构造基本轮廓[J].地质学报,1977(2):117-135.
[3]张伯声.从镶嵌构造观点说明中国大地构造的基本特征[M]∥陈国达.中国大地构造问题.北京:科学出版社,1965:66-95.
[4]张伯声,王战.中国镶嵌构造与地壳波浪运动[J].西北大学学报,1974(1):7-17.
[5]张伯声,王战.地壳波浪状镶嵌构造学说撮要[J].西安地质学院学报,1993,15(4):7-10.
[6]张文佑,钟嘉猷.中国断裂构造体系的发展[J].地质科学,1997(3):197-208.
[7]陈国达.南北地洼区及其与中国地壳演化分异和青藏高原隆起原因的关系[J].大地构造与成矿学,1979(1):1-10.
[8]马宗晋,郑大林.中蒙大陆中轴构造带及其地震活动[J].地震研究,1981(4):421-436.
[9]殷秀华,黎益仕,刘占坡.南北构造带北段重磁异常的对应分析[J].地震地质,1999,21(4):370-376.
[10]李涛,王宗秀,马宗晋.中轴构造带(南段)的变形及缩短速率计算[J].地学前缘,2003,10(增刊):176-187.
[11]徐锡伟,于贵华,马文涛,等.中国大陆中轴构造带地壳最新构造变动样式及其动力学内涵[J].地学前缘,2003,10(增刊):160-167.
[12]刘池洋,赵红格,王锋,等.鄂尔多斯盆地西缘(部)中生代构造属性[J].地质学报,2005,79(6):737-747.
[13]赵红格,刘池洋,王峰,等.鄂尔多斯盆地西缘构造分区及其特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(2):173-179.
[14]李绪善,李百祥.从重磁场特征探讨南北构造带北段与地震带的统一性[J].物探与化探,2012,36(5):760-765,771.
[15]Lu R,He D,Suppe J,et al.Along-strike variation of the frontal zone structural geometry of the Central Longmen Shan thrust belt revealed by seismic reflection profiles[J].Tectonophysics,2012,580:178-191.
[16]Lu R,He D,Suppe J,et al.Structural model of the central Longmen Shan thrusts using seismic reflection profiles:Implications for the sediments and deformations since the Mesozoic[J].Tectonophysics,2014,630:43-53.
[17]Gao R,Wang H,Zeng L,et al.The crust structures and the connection of the Songpan block and West Qinling orogen revealed by the Hezuo-Tangke deep seismic reflection profiling[J].Tectonophysics,2014,634:227-236.
[18]Darby B J,Ritts B D.Mesozoic contractional deformation in the middle of the Asian tectonic collage:The intraplate Western Ordos fold-thrust belt,China[J].Earth and PlanetaryScience Letters,2002,205:13-24.
[19]Cheng B,Cheng S,Zhang G,et al.Seismic structure of the Helan-Liupan-Ordos western margin tectonic belt in NorthCentral China and its geodynamic implications[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2014,87:141-156.
[20]Ritts B D,Hanson A D,Darby B J,et al.Sedimentary record of Triassic intraplate extension in North Chinaevidence from the nonmarine NW Ordos Basin,Helan Shan and Zhuozi Shan[J].Tectonophysics,2004,386:177-202.
[21]林畅松,杨起,李思田.贺兰拗拉槽盆地充填演化分析[M].北京:地质出版社,1995:1-137.
[22]李红霞,白生明,金学强,等.宁夏贺兰山地区石炭纪沉积环境演化规律探讨[J].宁夏工程技术,2012,11(3):201-205.
[23]刘池洋,赵红格,桂小军,等.鄂尔多斯盆地演化-改造的时空坐标及其成藏(矿)响应[J].地质学报,2006,80(5):617-638.
[24]房建军,刘池阳,韩鹏,等.宁南盆地构造演化探讨[J].西北大学学报:自然科学版,2008,38(5):813-816.
[25]封丽洁.甘肃河西走廊地区下石炭统岩相古地理研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2012.
[26]曹杨.北祁连走廊区石炭系地层划分与油气关系研究[D].重庆:西南石油大学,2012.
[27]宁夏回族自治区地质矿产局.宁夏回族自治区岩石地层[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1996:56-64.
[28]杜芳鹏.宁南地区石炭纪地层沉积特征及油气远景初步评价[D].西安:西北大学,2014.
[29]阎存凤,袁剑英,赵应成.北祁连东部石炭纪岩相古地理[J].沉积学报,2008,26(2):193-201.
[30]佟再三,李汉业.北祁连东段石炭纪岩相古地理基本特征[J].沉积学报,1994,12(1):89-97.
[31]佟再三.北祁连东段石炭纪岩相古地理研究现状[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,1992,28(4):167-168.
[32]卫平生,李天顺,李安春,等.巴彦浩特盆地石炭系沉积相及沉积演化[J].沉积学报,2005,23(2):240-247.
[33]阎存凤,袁剑英.武威盆地石炭系沉积环境及含油气远景[J].天然气地球科学,2011,22(2):267-274.
[34]谢小平,王永栋,沈焕庭.宁夏中卫晚石炭世沉积相分析与古环境重建[J].沉积学报,2004,22(1):19-28.
[35]贺小元,刘池阳,王建强,等.鄂尔多斯盆地晚古生代古构造[J].古地理学报,2011,13(6):677-686.
[36]郭德运.鄂尔多斯盆地东部上古生界沉积体系研究[D].西安:西北大学,2009.
[37]魏红红.鄂尔多斯地区石炭—二叠系沉积体系及层序地层学研究[D].西安:西北大学,2002.
[38]陈全红.鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界沉积体系及油气富集规律研究[D].西安:西北大学,2007.
[39]郭英海,汪泽成.鄂尔多斯地区晚古生代沉积体系及古地理演化[J].沉积学报,1998,16(3):44-51.
[40]刘春雷.鄂尔多斯盆地东部本溪组沉积体系研究[D].西安:西北大学,2012.
[41]汤锡元,郭忠铭,陈荷立,等.陕甘宁盆地西缘逆冲推覆构造及油气勘探[M].西安:西北大学出版社,1992:67-122.
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