地面微地震监测SET震源定位特性研究
摘要
用数值模拟方法研究基于Semblance参数计算的地震发射层析成像(SET)成像的特点,包括SET定位准确性与站点个数、信号信噪比、站点分布结构的关系等。根据数值模拟结果和实际二十余口井水力压裂的监测经验,给出地面微地震监测站点个数选择的基本原则。理论和实际监测结果表明,只要监测站点个数足够多,就能满足可识别微地震信号的信噪比阈值的要求,利用地面微地震监测实现压裂裂缝监测是可行的。
The characteristics of seismic emission tomgraphy(SET) based on semblance calculation by numerical simulation were studied,which included the relationship between accuracy of SET localization and number of traces,signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) of signals,topology of traces'deployment.A criterion for choosing number of traces for surface microseismic monitoring was given by numerical simulation results and monitoring practice of about 20 wells'hydraulic fracturing.It is proved by theoretical study and monitoring practice that surface microseismic monitoring can determine parameters of hydraulic induced fractures,if the number of traces is large enough to satisfy the need for SNR threshold of detectable microseismic signals.
The characteristics of seismic emission tomgraphy(SET) based on semblance calculation by numerical simulation were studied,which included the relationship between accuracy of SET localization and number of traces,signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) of signals,topology of traces'deployment.A criterion for choosing number of traces for surface microseismic monitoring was given by numerical simulation results and monitoring practice of about 20 wells'hydraulic fracturing.It is proved by theoretical study and monitoring practice that surface microseismic monitoring can determine parameters of hydraulic induced fractures,if the number of traces is large enough to satisfy the need for SNR threshold of detectable microseismic signals.
引文
[1]宋维琪,陈泽东,毛中华.水力压裂裂缝微地震监测技术[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2008.
[2]DUNCAN P M.Is there a future for passive seismic?[J].First Break,2005,23(6):111-115.
[3]CHAMBERS K,KENDALL J M,DAHLB S B,et al.Testing the ability of surface arrays to monitor microseis-mic activity[J].Geophysical Prospecting,2010,58(5):821-830.
[4]DUNCAN P M,EISNER L.Reservoir characterization u-sing surface microseismic monitoring[J].Geophysics,2010,75(5):75A139-75A146.
[5]EISNER L,HULSEY B J,DUNCAN P M.Comparisonof surface and borehole locations of induced seismicity[J].Geophysical Prospecting,2010,58(5):809-820.
[6]周婕,高敬文,何平.微地震裂缝监测系统在鄯善油田的应用[J].油气井测试,2005,14(6):62-64.ZHOU Jie,GAO Jin-wen,HE Ping.Application of mi-croseism and microfrac monitoring tech in Shanshan Oil-field[J].Well testing,2005,14(6):62-64.
[7]张予生,魏红革,刘文科.应用微地震方法进行S9-171井人工裂缝监测[J].吐哈油气,2005,10(3):243-244.ZHANG Yu-sheng,WEI Hong-ge,LIU Wen-ke.Monito-ring created fracture of well S9-171 by microseismic meth-od[J].Tuhua Oil&Gas,2005,10(3):243-244.
[8]KUGAENKO Y,SALTYKOV V,SINITSYN V,et al.Passive seismic monitoring in hydrothermal field:seismicemission tomography[C/OL]Proceedings World Geother-mal Congress 2005.Antalya,Turkey,April 2005.[2012-04-20]https://pangea.stanford.edu/ERE/db/IGAstandard/record_detail.php?id=944.
[9]TCHEBOTAREVA I I,NIKOLAEV A V,SATO H.Seis-mic emission activity of earths crust in Northern Kanto,Japan[J].Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,2000,120(3):167-182.
[10]NEIDELL N S,TURHAN M T.Semblance and othercoherency measures for multichannel data[J].Geo-physics,1971,36(3):482-497.
[11]沈琛,梁北援,李宗田.微破裂向量扫描技术原理[J].石油学报,2009,30(5):744-748.SHEN Chen,LIANG Bei-yuan,LI Zong-tian.Principleof vector scanning technique for micro-fractures[J].Ac-ta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(5):744-748.
[12]BAZIW E,WEIR-JONES I.Application of Kalman fil-tering techniques for microseismic event detection[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,2002,159(1-3):449-471.
[2]DUNCAN P M.Is there a future for passive seismic?[J].First Break,2005,23(6):111-115.
[3]CHAMBERS K,KENDALL J M,DAHLB S B,et al.Testing the ability of surface arrays to monitor microseis-mic activity[J].Geophysical Prospecting,2010,58(5):821-830.
[4]DUNCAN P M,EISNER L.Reservoir characterization u-sing surface microseismic monitoring[J].Geophysics,2010,75(5):75A139-75A146.
[5]EISNER L,HULSEY B J,DUNCAN P M.Comparisonof surface and borehole locations of induced seismicity[J].Geophysical Prospecting,2010,58(5):809-820.
[6]周婕,高敬文,何平.微地震裂缝监测系统在鄯善油田的应用[J].油气井测试,2005,14(6):62-64.ZHOU Jie,GAO Jin-wen,HE Ping.Application of mi-croseism and microfrac monitoring tech in Shanshan Oil-field[J].Well testing,2005,14(6):62-64.
[7]张予生,魏红革,刘文科.应用微地震方法进行S9-171井人工裂缝监测[J].吐哈油气,2005,10(3):243-244.ZHANG Yu-sheng,WEI Hong-ge,LIU Wen-ke.Monito-ring created fracture of well S9-171 by microseismic meth-od[J].Tuhua Oil&Gas,2005,10(3):243-244.
[8]KUGAENKO Y,SALTYKOV V,SINITSYN V,et al.Passive seismic monitoring in hydrothermal field:seismicemission tomography[C/OL]Proceedings World Geother-mal Congress 2005.Antalya,Turkey,April 2005.[2012-04-20]https://pangea.stanford.edu/ERE/db/IGAstandard/record_detail.php?id=944.
[9]TCHEBOTAREVA I I,NIKOLAEV A V,SATO H.Seis-mic emission activity of earths crust in Northern Kanto,Japan[J].Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,2000,120(3):167-182.
[10]NEIDELL N S,TURHAN M T.Semblance and othercoherency measures for multichannel data[J].Geo-physics,1971,36(3):482-497.
[11]沈琛,梁北援,李宗田.微破裂向量扫描技术原理[J].石油学报,2009,30(5):744-748.SHEN Chen,LIANG Bei-yuan,LI Zong-tian.Principleof vector scanning technique for micro-fractures[J].Ac-ta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(5):744-748.
[12]BAZIW E,WEIR-JONES I.Application of Kalman fil-tering techniques for microseismic event detection[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,2002,159(1-3):449-471.
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